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Medical Terminology

Unit 6Gastroenterology

Organ Combining FormMouth

TeethTongue

Lipsgums

EsophagusStomach

Stomat /oDent/o, Odont /oGloss/o, Lingu/o

Cheil/oGingiv/o

Esophag/oGastr/o

Organ Combining FormSmall intestine

DuodenumJejunum

ileum

Large intestineSigmoid colon

Enter/oDuoden/oJejun/o

ile/o

Col/oSigmoid/o

Organ Combining FormRectumAnus and rectumAccessory organs

Liver

GallbladderPancreas

Rect/oProct /o

Hepat/o

Cholecyst /oPancreat/o

Stomat/o = Mouth

Stoma = mouthStomat /itis: Inflammation of the mouthStomat /o/plasty: Surgical repair of the mouthStomat /algia: Pain in the mouthStomat /o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the mouthStomat /o/myc/osis: Condition of mouth fungusStomat /o/pathy: Any disease of the mouthStomat /o/scope: An instrument for examining the mouthStomat /o/scopy: The process of examining with stomatoscope

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Stomatitis Gloss/o = TongueGloss/itis : Inflammation of the tongueGloss/ectomy : Excision of the tongueGloss/algia: Pain in the tongueGloss/al: Pertaining to the tongueGloss/o/ptosis : Prolapse of the tongueGloss/o/scopy: Examination of the tongueGloss/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the tongueGloss/o/plegic (adj.): Paralysis of the tongue

Lingu/o = Tongue

Lingu/al (adj.): Pertaining to the tongueSub/lingu/al or Hypo/gloss/al : Under the tongue

Cheil/o = Lips

Cheil/itis : Inflammation of the lipsCheil/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lipsCheil/o/tomy: Incision of the lipsCheil/osis : Condition or disorder of the lipsCheil/o/stomat/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lips and mouth

Gingiv/o = Gums

Gingiv/al: Pertaining to the gumsGingiv/itis : Inflammation of the gumsGingiv/algia: Gum painGingiv/ectomy: Excision of gum tissueGingiv/o/gloss/itis : Inflammation of the gums and tongueLingu/o/gingiv/al (adj.): Tongue and gums

Esophag/o = EsophagusEso- = TowardPhag/o = SwallowEsophag/eal (adj.): Pertaining to esophagusEsophag/o/sten/osis: Narrowing of the esophagusEsophag/o/gastr/ic: Pertaining to the esophagus and stomachGastr/o/esophag/eal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic heartburn and esophageal irritation caused by Reflux of stomach acid into an esophagus

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Stenosis (Pyloric Stenosis) Gastr/o = StomachGastr/o/rrhagia: Stomach hemorrhageGastr/itis: Inflammation of the stomachGastr/ic: Pertaining to the stomachGastr/ectasia: Dilatation (stretching) of the stomach

-ectasia = stretching or dilatation

Gastr/o/enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the stomach and small intestineGastr/o/enter/o/logy: Specialty that studies diseases of the stomach and intestine

Enter/o = Small intestine, IntestineEnter/ic: Pertaining to intestineEnter/itis: Inflammation of the intestineDys/enter/y: Disorder of the intestine characterized by inflammation, pain, and diarrhea

i.e. amoebic dysentery

Gastr/o/enter/ic: Pertaining to the stomach and small intestineEnter/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the small intestineEnter/o/cele: Intestinal hernia

Enter/o = Small intestine, IntestineEnter/o/clysis: Washing or irrigation of the small intestineEnter/o/plegia: Paralysis of the small intestineEnter/ectasia: Dilatation of the small intestineEnter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the small intestineEnter/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the small intestineEnter/o/scope: Instrument to examine the small intestine

Col/o = Colon (Large intestine)

Col/ic or colonic: Pertaining to the colonCol/o/centesis : Surgical puncture of the colonCol/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the colonCol/ostomy: Making a new opening into the colonCol/o/ptosis : Prolapse of the colon

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Colon = Large Intestine Diverticula

Outpouching that develop in the colon wall

Diverticul/osis : condition of having diverticulaDiverticul/itis : inflamed or infected diverticula

-clysis = Washing or IrrigationWashing/irrigation of:

ColonStomachSmall intestineRectumAnus and Rectum

ØCol/o/clysisØGastr/o/clysisØEnter/o/clysisØRect/o/clysisØProct /o/clysis

Sigmoid/o = Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid/o/scope: An instrument used to examine the sigmoid colonSigmoid/o/scopy: The procedure of examining the sigmoid colon with a sigmoidoscope

Rect/o = RectumRect/al: Pertaining to the rectumRect/o/cele: Herniation of the rectumRect/o/scope: Instrument for examining the rectumCol/o/rect /al: Pertaining to the colon and rectumRect/o/scopy: The process of examining the rectum with a rectoscopeRect/o/scopic (adj.): Pertaining to rectoscopy

Rect/o = Rectum

Rect/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the rectumRect/o/rrhaphy: Suturing (stitching) of the rectumRect/o/urethr/al: Pertaining to the rectum and urethraRect/o/cyst/o/tomy: Incision of the bladder through the rectum

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Proct/o = Anus and RectumProct /o/logist: One who specializes in diseases of the anus and rectumProct /o/logy: The study of diseases of the anus and rectumProct /o/plegia: Paralysis of the anus and rectumProct /o/scope: Instrument used to examine rectumProct /o/scopy: Examination of rectum with a proctoscopeProct /o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the rectum and anusProct /o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

Hepat/o = LiverHepar = LiverHepat /ic: Pertaining to the liverHepat /o/megaly : Enlargement of the liverHepat /o/scopy: Inspection of the liverHepat /o/pathy: Any disease of the liverHepat /o/tomy: Incision into the liverHepat /ectomy: Excision of the liverHepat /itis: Inflammation/infection of the liver

Hepat/o = Liver

Hepat/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the liverHepat/o/rrhaphy: Suture of a wound of the liverHepat/o/cele: Hernia of the liverHepat/o/dynia: Pain in the liverHepat/o/lith: Stone in the liver

Pancreat/o = Pancreas

Pancreat /ic: Pertaining to the pancreasPancreat /o/lysis: Destruction of pancreatic tissuePancreat /o/lith: a stone or calculus in the pancreasPancreat /o/pathy: Any pancreatic diseasePancreat /ectomy: Excision of part or all of the pancreasPancreat /o/tomy: Incision into the pancreasPancreat /itis: Inflammation of the pancreas

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Chol/e/cyst = Gallbladder

Chol/e/cyst/o/gram (or chol/e/cyst/o/graph): an x-ray of the gallbladder (or x-ray machine) Chol/e/cyst/itis : Inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholangi/o = Bile Duct

ERCP = Endoscopic RetrogradeCholangi/o/pancreat/o/graphy:

Radiographic examination of common bile duct and pancreatic duct by injecting contrast media through cannula inside an endoscope. Looks for an obstruction/blockage, usually by stones.

A/tresia

A/tresia : Not perforated or not open. Closed ducts or tubes.

Biliary a/tresia: Bile ducts are not openIntestinal a/tresia: A part of the intestine is closedEsophageal a/tresia: Closed esophagusMitral a/tresia: Congenital closure of the mitral valve

Esophageal Atresia

Cirrh/osisKirrhos = Orange-yellowCirrh/osis: dysfunctional liver disease, occurs as a result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning, or a history of hepatitis

Splen/o = SpleenSplen/ectomy: Excision of the spleenSplen/o/megaly : Enlargement of the spleenSplen/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the spleenSplen/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the spleenSplen/o/pathy: Any disease of the spleenSplen/o/rrhaphy: Suture of the spleenSplen/o/rrhagia: hemorrhage from the spleenSplen/algia: Pain in the spleenSplen/ic: Pertaining to the spleen

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-ostomy = AnastomosisAnastomosis is a surgical connection between tubular structures.New connection between:

Esophagus & duodenumàEsophag/o/duoden/ostomyStomach, small intestine, and large intestine àGastr/o/enter/o/col/ostomy

Esophagus & stomach à Esophag/o/gastr/ostomy

Small intestine & gall bladder àEnter/o/cholecyst /ostomy

Long words: Let’s insert slashesJejunoileitis àCholecystoduodenostomy àEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) àCholangiopancreatography à

Jejun/o/ile/itisChole/cyst/o/duoden/ostomyEsophag/o/gastr/o/duoden/o/scopyChol/angi/o/pancreat /o/graphy

(note: Answer is misspelled in the textbook p.212)

Abbreviation BMPONPOEGDERCPGERDHBHBVHPGIGBNG

Bowel movementBy mouth (per os)Nothing by mouthEsophagogastroduodenoscopyEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyGastroesophageal reflux diseaseHepatitis BHepatitis B Vaccine (used more for “Hepatitis B Virus” )Helicobacter pyloriGastrointestinalGall bladderNasogastric