Oregon’s Methane Project - Experience and Potential
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Transcript of Oregon’s Methane Project - Experience and Potential
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Oregon’s Methane Project -Oregon’s Methane Project -Experience and PotentialExperience and Potential
Mike GamrothOregon State UniversityDept. of Animal Sciences
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The processThe process• Anaerobic digestion – like the rumen
– Longer retention • Methane collection• Methane use
– Heat, hot water– Combustion engine electricity
“Methane digester”
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Basic conceptsBasic concepts• Decomposition of organic material• Oxygen-free environment• Numerous strains of microorganisms• Biogas
– Methane 50-80%– CO2 20-50%– Other gases
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• Ambient temperature– Covered lagoon– Lowest output
• Mesophilic– Around 100º F– More forgiving
• Thermophilic– Highest output, lower retention time
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Digester typesDigester types• Plug flow
– Suited to scraped manure– Most common on dairies– Long rectangular tanks– Heat added, in-ground or insulated– Retention time (RT) 15 to 20 days
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Digester typesDigester types• Complete mix
– Typically upright round tanks– Benefits from regular feeding– Can handle “wetter” manure– When co-digesting, mixing important
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Digester typesDigester types• Covered lagoon
– Lowest cost, simplest to operate– Best suited to warm climates, wet manure– Lowest gas output– Often will be “seasonal”
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Digester typesDigester types• Biofilm
– Can augment any digester– A place for bacterial activity– Reduces retention time
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Economics 101Economics 101• A thrifty digester system can payback
in 7 to 10 years– Initial cost– Operation costs– Value of energy, tax credits– Other benefits – odor control, solids sales
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Benefits of digestionBenefits of digestion• Generate energy from biomass• Odor reduction• More readily available nitrogen• Pathogen reduction
$65 $68 $80 $83
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Why there aren’t more…Why there aren’t more…• Poor design• Lack of skills, time• Excessive maintenance, operation time• Diminishing returns over time• Lack of interest• Out of business
EPA and Meyer, et al
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Keys to successKeys to success• Know your manure quality• Match the digester technology with the
manure• Select a tested design and keep it simple• Take advantage of incentives• Monitor the system daily• Line up operation and maintenance
backup
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ResourcesResources
• http://www.epa.gov/agstar/index.html• Our project:
– Energy Trust of Oregon– Oregon Beef Council– Oregon Dairy Farmers Association
• Amanda Green (360) 751-4190 Amanda Green (360) 751-4190
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A partnership of Cal-gon Farms A partnership of Cal-gon Farms and Portland General Electricand Portland General Electric
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The systemThe system• Scraped manure• Piston pump to feed
digester• Digester effluent
through a screw-press screen
• Liquids stored in lagoon
• Solids in covered bunker
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UsesUses• Lagoon liquids
mixed with water and irrigated onto field corn
• Solids are sold off the farm and used as bedding
• Recycling lagoon liquids through separator when not used for digester
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Research projectResearch project• Questions about the farm’s nutrient
balance• Questions about the start-up and
stabilization of the digester• Received money from a grant program
to sample the digester during start-up and for a two month period during operation
• Evaluate solids as a soil amendment
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Electrical OutputElectrical Output
Generation Record (based on PGE bills)
Cal-Gon Farms Biogas Project
6603362716778/3/2003
676291961411/27/2002
746312311510/29/2002
59630178869/28/2002
49430148178/29/2002
38432123017/30/2002
2753185275/30/2002
Avg kWh/day# DayskWhEnding Svc Date
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Cal-Gon Anaerobic DigesterOrganic Acid Levels
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1/9/
2002
1/16
/200
2
1/23
/200
2
1/30
/200
2
2/6/
2002
2/13
/200
2
2/20
/200
2
2/27
/200
2
3/6/
2002
3/13
/200
2
3/20
/200
2
3/27
/200
2
4/3/
2002
4/10
/200
2
4/17
/200
2
4/24
/200
2
5/1/
2002
5/8/
2002
5/15
/200
2
Sample Dates
(mg/
L)
Acetic Acid
Butyric Acid
Propionic Acid
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Basic resultsBasic results
Lb. / 1000 gallons
DM % N P K CFU/100 ml E. coli
Raw manure 13.0 43 6 26 59 mill.
Digester effluent 4.6 27 4 19 1.2 mill.Solids 26.4 6.3/t 2.4/t 3.7/t
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Exporting solids to reduce nutrient loadingExporting solids to reduce nutrient loading
Lb./cow-year (3.5 ton/cow)
N P K
Avg. separated solids1 17.1 3.0 6.5
Bernie’s separated
solids22.4 8.4 13
Bernie’s lagoon solids 31.1 14.6 9.4
1 Average of 51 separators, Willamette Valley, 1995
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Solids plotsSolids plots
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DAF separation
TS TSS
Raw 1.9
Sludge 3.3
Effluent 0.4 0.05
90%+ P removal