ORD-6ORD-6

OrdinaryOrdinaryMarlinspikeMarlinspike

Instructors: George Crowl

Course OutlineCourse Outline

a. Name the various materials used to a. Name the various materials used to manufacture rope, the advantages and manufacture rope, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the characteristics disadvantages of each, and the characteristics of laid and braided rope. Discuss the meaning of laid and braided rope. Discuss the meaning of lay, thread, strand and hawser. Explain how of lay, thread, strand and hawser. Explain how rope is sized and measured.rope is sized and measured.

Course OutlineCourse Outline

b. Using both large and small lines, tie and b. Using both large and small lines, tie and explain the following knots: stevedore's knot, explain the following knots: stevedore's knot, French (double) bowline, bowline on a bight, French (double) bowline, bowline on a bight, timber hitch, rolling hitch, marline hitch, and timber hitch, rolling hitch, marline hitch, and midshipman's (taut line) hitch. midshipman's (taut line) hitch.

c. Demonstrate your ability to secure a line to c. Demonstrate your ability to secure a line to pilings, bitts, cleats, and rings, and to coil, flake, pilings, bitts, cleats, and rings, and to coil, flake, and flemish a line.and flemish a line.

Course OutlineCourse Outline

d. Demonstrate how to cut and heat-seal a d. Demonstrate how to cut and heat-seal a synthetic line and whip the end of plain-laid line synthetic line and whip the end of plain-laid line using waxed cord or similar material.using waxed cord or similar material.

ORD-6aORD-6a

a. Name the various materials used to a. Name the various materials used to manufacture rope, the advantages and manufacture rope, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the characteristics disadvantages of each, and the characteristics of laid and braided rope. Discuss the meaning of laid and braided rope. Discuss the meaning of lay, thread, strand and hawser. Explain how of lay, thread, strand and hawser. Explain how rope is sized and measured. rope is sized and measured.

Rope Materials – NaturalRope Materials – Natural

Cotton – cheap, weak, not shockCotton – cheap, weak, not shockabsorbent (clothsline). Woven orabsorbent (clothsline). Woven orlaid. NOT to be used nautically.laid. NOT to be used nautically.

Sisal – inexpensive, weaker thanSisal – inexpensive, weaker thanmanila. Must dry, will rot, laid.manila. Must dry, will rot, laid.

Manila – best natural material.Manila – best natural material.Expensive. Must dry, will rot, laid.Expensive. Must dry, will rot, laid.Minimum stretch. ¼” = 600# test.Minimum stretch. ¼” = 600# test.

Rope Materials – Synthetic (1)Rope Materials – Synthetic (1)

Polyethylene – floats, chafes,Polyethylene – floats, chafes,no rot, sunlight deterioratesno rot, sunlight deterioratesrapidly, ¼” = 1200# testrapidly, ¼” = 1200# test

Polypropylene – floats, no rot, Polypropylene – floats, no rot, sunlight deteriorates rapidly, sunlight deteriorates rapidly, slightly stronger, resists oilslightly stronger, resists oil

Dacron (polyester) – minimumDacron (polyester) – minimumstretch (9%), better for sheets &stretch (9%), better for sheets &halyards, no rot, oil resistant, halyards, no rot, oil resistant, usually woven, ¼” = 2400# test usually woven, ¼” = 2400# test

Rope Materials – Synthetic (2)Rope Materials – Synthetic (2)

Nylon – maximum stretch (20%), Nylon – maximum stretch (20%), best for anchoring and towing.best for anchoring and towing.Oil, chemical, abrasion resistant.Oil, chemical, abrasion resistant.Sunlight resistance good.Sunlight resistance good.¼” = 1800# test. Usually woven.¼” = 1800# test. Usually woven.

Samson Amsteel – Proprietary new material,Samson Amsteel – Proprietary new material,4% stretch, sunlight resistant, woven,4% stretch, sunlight resistant, woven,¼” = 8600# test = steel¼” = 8600# test = steel

Laid RopeLaid Rope

a. Sliversa. Sliversb. Slivers of fiber twistedb. Slivers of fiber twisted

in one direction = yarnin one direction = yarnc. Yarns (3) twisted in c. Yarns (3) twisted in

opposite direction = opposite direction = strandstrand

d. Strands (3) twisted in d. Strands (3) twisted in opposite direction = ropeopposite direction = rope

e. Rope twisted in opposite direction = hawsere. Rope twisted in opposite direction = hawser

Laid Rope InfoLaid Rope Info

Normally three strandsNormally three strandsNormally right-handed Normally right-handed Cable-laid – three ropes laid togetherCable-laid – three ropes laid togetherHawser – any rope over 5” circumferenceHawser – any rope over 5” circumferenceCan be four strands with heartCan be four strands with heart

Braided RopeBraided Rope

Core surrounded by fully-sheathedCore surrounded by fully-sheathedbraid protects corebraid protects core

Braided coreBraided core Stranded coreStranded coreCore provides strengthCore provides strengthBraid provides protection fromBraid provides protection from AbrasionAbrasion SunlightSunlight

Rope SizingRope Sizing

Normally sized in diameter up to 2”Normally sized in diameter up to 2” 3/16, ¼, 5/16, 3/8, 7/16, ½, etc.3/16, ¼, 5/16, 3/8, 7/16, ½, etc.Then sized in circumference (3.14 x dia)Then sized in circumference (3.14 x dia)Old times, all nautical rope was sized in Old times, all nautical rope was sized in

circumference, but no more.circumference, but no more.5” hawser is circumference, should be about 5” hawser is circumference, should be about

1.6” diameter!1.6” diameter!7” rope is a bit over 2” in diameter7” rope is a bit over 2” in diameter

Rope LengthRope Length

Rope in store – normally FEET or METERSRope in store – normally FEET or METERSCould be in fathoms (6 feet)Could be in fathoms (6 feet)

Coil of rope usually:Coil of rope usually: 100 fathoms (land)100 fathoms (land) 200 fathoms (nautical)200 fathoms (nautical)

ORD-6bORD-6b

b. Using both large and small lines, tie and b. Using both large and small lines, tie and explain the following knots: stevedore's knot, explain the following knots: stevedore's knot, French (double) bowline, bowline on a bight, French (double) bowline, bowline on a bight, timber hitch, rolling hitch, marline hitch, and timber hitch, rolling hitch, marline hitch, and midshipman's (taut line) hitch. midshipman's (taut line) hitch.

Good Animated Web SiteGood Animated Web Site

www.animatedknots.comwww.animatedknots.com

If the link does not work, just type in the link If the link does not work, just type in the link separately, or go to animatedknots.com separately, or go to animatedknots.com

Stevedore's KnotStevedore's Knot

Stopper knotStopper knotMake loopMake loopWrap 1½ timesWrap 1½ timesEnd through loopEnd through loopPull tightPull tight

Stevedore AnimatedStevedore Animated

www.animatedknots.com/stevedore/#Movie

French (Double) BowlineFrench (Double) Bowline

Start as a regular bowline (right)Start as a regular bowline (right)Run line around the loop again (right)Run line around the loop again (right)Bring line up through hole as with regular Bring line up through hole as with regular

bowline (middle)bowline (middle)Bring line around back, down through hole, as a Bring line around back, down through hole, as a

regular bowlineregular bowlinePull knot tight Pull knot tight

(left)(left)

French Bowline AnimationFrench Bowline Animation

Can't findCan't find

Bowline on a BightBowline on a Bight

Make a bight (big, long loopMake a bight (big, long loopin line)in line)

Start it just like a bowlineStart it just like a bowlineBring the end of the loop Bring the end of the loop

down and around the big loopdown and around the big loop(or feed big loop through)(or feed big loop through)

Slide the loop end up and Slide the loop end up and adjust all to fit needadjust all to fit need

Loops hold same sizeLoops hold same size

Bowline on a Bight AnimationBowline on a Bight Animation

http://www.animatedknots.com/bowlinebight/

Timber HitchTimber Hitch

Run a line around a timber, leaving 6”-1' leftRun a line around a timber, leaving 6”-1' leftBring the bitter end around the standing end, Bring the bitter end around the standing end,

and tuck it back on and tuck it back on itselfitselfTuck a minimum of three times, tightenTuck a minimum of three times, tighten

You may want to put a half hitch around the You may want to put a half hitch around the towedtowed end for a big or long timber end for a big or long timber

Timber Hitch AnimationTimber Hitch Animation

http://www.animatedknots.com/timber/

Rolling HitchRolling Hitch

Wrap one full time aroundWrap one full time aroundWrap a second full time aroundWrap a second full time aroundCross over the two linesCross over the two linesCome under the crossover lineCome under the crossover lineTightenTightenPull along the length of the pole (down)Pull along the length of the pole (down)

Rolling Hitch AnimatedRolling Hitch Animated

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OX_kU_jYecU

Marline HitchMarline Hitch

Start with a clove hitch around boom(s) and sailStart with a clove hitch around boom(s) and sailSpace out 1-2 feet, hold, and put a half hitchSpace out 1-2 feet, hold, and put a half hitch Insure the half hitch goes in on top and out the Insure the half hitch goes in on top and out the

bottombottomCover the whole sail (or other long skinny Cover the whole sail (or other long skinny

object)object)Tie off with clove hitch or to something elseTie off with clove hitch or to something else

Midshipman's (Taut Line) HitchMidshipman's (Taut Line) Hitch

Pass line over the bar or line you are tying toPass line over the bar or line you are tying toBring it down, around, and in between your line Bring it down, around, and in between your line

and the bar. and the bar. Make a second loop in betweenMake a second loop in betweenContinuing the sameContinuing the same

direction, cross overdirection, cross overthe two loops, wrapthe two loops, wraponceonce

Slide under your wrap,Slide under your wrap,tightentighten

Midshipman's Hitch AnimationMidshipman's Hitch Animation

http://www.animatedknots.com/midshipmans/

ORD-6cORD-6c

Demonstrate the ability to secure a line to pilings, Demonstrate the ability to secure a line to pilings, bitts, cleats and rings and to coil, flake and bitts, cleats and rings and to coil, flake and Flemish a line.Flemish a line.

CleatCleat

Know from ApprenticeKnow from ApprenticeFull turn around cleat to startFull turn around cleat to startRemember – parallel ropes underRemember – parallel ropes under

cross ropecross ropeDo not add many loops!Do not add many loops!

BittsBitts

Seldom seen in some parts of USSeldom seen in some parts of USEye splice / bowline Eye splice / bowline OROR wrap around far bitt wrap around far bittCross to near bittCross to near bittRepeat several times on each bittRepeat several times on each bittUsed on large vessels and shore installationsUsed on large vessels and shore installations

PilingPiling

Piling – big tall post, often in waterPiling – big tall post, often in waterUse a fixed knot – eye splice or bowlineUse a fixed knot – eye splice or bowlineTemporary – two half hitches or midshipman Temporary – two half hitches or midshipman

hitchhitchDon't use clove hitch or other knot that slips Don't use clove hitch or other knot that slips

under constant under constant movementmovement

RingsRings

Lines are attached to rings semi-permanently by Lines are attached to rings semi-permanently by larks-head knots in an eye splice.larks-head knots in an eye splice.

Use a bowline, or midshipman's hitchUse a bowline, or midshipman's hitch

Coil a LineCoil a Line

Right hand, even loopsRight hand, even loopsHalf twist as you coilHalf twist as you coilSave two loops to finishSave two loops to finishWrap around middleWrap around middleFinish with bight through topFinish with bight through top

Coiling AnimationCoiling Animation

http://www.animatedknots.com/coiling/

Flake a LineFlake a Line

Used to make a line run out without kinksUsed to make a line run out without kinksTake the kinks out of the line, beginning at Take the kinks out of the line, beginning at

where it pulls fromwhere it pulls fromStart at the other end, lay figure 8s on the deckStart at the other end, lay figure 8s on the deckEach 8 is on top, and slightly closer to the Each 8 is on top, and slightly closer to the

payout sidepayout side

Flake a LineFlake a Line

http://www.animatedknots.com/fig8flake/

Flemish a LineFlemish a Line

Shake the line out so it is not twistedShake the line out so it is not twistedTurn the bitter end in a small circleTurn the bitter end in a small circleKeep the line flat on the deckKeep the line flat on the deckUse two hands as the circle gets biggerUse two hands as the circle gets bigger If needed, coil the line insteadIf needed, coil the line instead

Flemish AnimationFlemish Animation

The author prefers Plan B.The author prefers Plan B.

http://www.animatedknots.com/flemish/

ORD-8bORD-8b

Demonstrate how to cut and heat-seal a synthetic Demonstrate how to cut and heat-seal a synthetic line, and whip the end of a plain-laid line using line, and whip the end of a plain-laid line using waxed cord or similar material. waxed cord or similar material.

Cut and Heat SealCut and Heat Seal

Synthetic line should be cut and heat sealedSynthetic line should be cut and heat sealed““Guns” and “knives” do both at once – best Guns” and “knives” do both at once – best Can use knife and lighterCan use knife and lighterKeep end small to go through blocksKeep end small to go through blocks

Common Whipping (1)Common Whipping (1)

Lay a bight along ropeLay a bight along ropeStart wrapping tightlyStart wrapping tightly

from end of ropefrom end of ropeWhen whipping length = When whipping length =

rope diameter, slide cordrope diameter, slide cordend through bightend through bight

Pull bight under whippingPull bight under whippingabout half wayabout half way

Trim the endsTrim the ends

Common Whipping (2)Common Whipping (2)

Make a large loop of twineMake a large loop of twineLay one end 1” over the end of the line, the other Lay one end 1” over the end of the line, the other

end 2-3” down the ropeend 2-3” down the ropeStart wrapping tight from the rope endStart wrapping tight from the rope endWrap at least the diameter of Wrap at least the diameter of

the ropethe ropePull the twine at the end of Pull the twine at the end of

the rope until it pulls the loopthe rope until it pulls the loop½ way under the whipping½ way under the whipping

Trim the endsTrim the ends

Questions?Questions?