Orchidsof Ohio

Blair (1909) vs. TodaySelected Ohio Species & Their Distribution

LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 3.1Dr. Donald P. Althoff

Kate Blair - 1909• Published “The Orchids of Ohio” in The

Ohio Naturalist 10(2):24-35• Noted 21 genera and 37 species for Ohio…and

noted “…two or three others that are doubtful” (p24)

• “…peculiar ___________ for insect pollinations” (p24)

• “…some of the Cypripediums are known to be ____________ to the touch.” (p24)

• Paper include key and counties found in Ohio

Blair (1909) vs. Recent Taxonomy

• Compiled list of Ohio orchards (see handout)• USDA site indicates all ____ species Blair

listed for Ohio currently still listed for Ohio• ____ out of the ___ (65%) now have different

scientific name (either genus, species, or both)

• ____ out of the ___ (68%) are listed as being present in SE Ohio (USDA distribution maps)

Some Orchid Characteristics• simple leaves with parallel veins common

• leaves often ovate, lanceolate, or orbicular

• __________

• _______flowers or…..________ or ___________ inflorescence

Orchid terminology

• _________ vs. orchids

• __________ vs. lady’s

• fringed vs. _____________ orchids

• _____ – modified petal

Modified “lip” = _________ orchids

Smaller purple fringed orchisRagged fringed orchis(green fringed orchis)

_____________________Platanthera ciliaris – USDAHabenaria ciliaris – N & P

yellow fringed orchid

Modified “lip”

______________________Platanthera blephariglottis – USDAHabenaria blephariglottis – N & P

white fringed orchid

Modified “lip”

_______________________Platanthera psycodes – USDAHabenaria pyscodes – N & P

small purple fringed orchid

Modified “lip”

__________________= ragged orchidPlatanthera lacera – USDAHabenaria lacera – N & P

green fringed orchid = ragged orchid

Modified “lip”

____________________orchidPlatanthera leucophaea – USDAHabenaria leucophaea – N & P

prairie white fringed orchid

Modified “lip”

purple _______________ orchidPlatanthera peramonea – USDAHabenaria peramonea – N & P

purple fringeless orchid

Modified “lip”

____________________“lip”

• Pink lady’s slipper = moccasin mouth• Yellow lady’s slipper• Showy lady’s slipper• Small yellow lady’s slipper• Rose pogonia = snakemouth = snakemouth orchid• Nodding pogonia = three-birds• Arethusa = dragon’s mouth

Modified “lip” =crested or pouched

lip

Rose Pogonia = Snakemouth

Yellow Lady’s Slipper

nodding pogonia = _____________Triphora trianthophora

arethusa = _______________Artethusa bulbosa ______________only

–offer __________yet bee-pollinated

Other variations/oddities

• Grass pink = calopogon• Hooded ladies’ tresses, nodding ladies’ tresses,

etc. – __________________• Coralroots (early, late, large, Wister’s) – ________,

_____________, depend on _______________ in their roots to obtain nutrients (saprophytic plants)

___________= calopogonCalopogon tuberosus – USDACalopogon puchellus – P & N Cluster of ______

flowers

grass pink Modified “lip” that is __________

_________ ladies’ tressesSpiranthes romanzoffiana

___________ ladies’ tressesSpiranthes cernua

Bogs, meadows, _______________

flower spike

Clear Creek Metro Park

“lip” comparisons (curve)flower spike not one-sided

Slender ladies‘ tresses

Nodding ladies‘ tresses

_____________Corallorhiza maculata - largeCorallorhiza wisteriana – Wister’sCorallorhiza odontorhiza – late/

autumn/small-flowered

stems ____________ or _______________

1

1

23

2 3

Large, summer, spotted

Coral roots

Wister’s

autumn

Charles Darwin• Published _______________________in 1862

(Origin of Species in 1859 for first edition, but had 6 editions overall (last in 1872—the “final” short title)

• Described complex mechanisms (i.e., co-evolving with insects) to achieve cross-pollination

• Used orchids to support theory of evolution: “In my examination of Orchids, hardly any fact has so much struck me as the endless __________ _____________...for gaining the very same end, namely, the fertilisation of one flower by the pollen of another.”

_________________________Goodyera pubescans

#1 in

Ohio