1.Biodiversity and Adaptations: Mammals Diversity Shannon Mason Orangutans People of the forest

2. Food Web Tigers Sumatran Orangutan Flowers/Bark (10% of diet) Fruit (60% of diet) Leaves (20% of diet) Leopards Bornean Orangutan Ants/Termites/ Pupae/Crickets (5% of diet) Orangutans are eaten by Leopards and some tigers in Sumatra. Orangutans will spend 100% of their day eating, sleeping and travellingmostly likely in order to get food. They eat mostly fruits such as durian, jackfruit, figs, and rambutan. Young leaves, insects and flowers are a fallback food if fruit is unavailable to an orangutan. 3. Biomes There are two species of Orangutan, or Ponginae The Pongo pygmaeus, or Bornean orangutan, is native to the island of Borneo, Malaysia/Indonesia (the island of Borneo is shared by Mayalsia and Indonesia) The Pongo abelii, or Sumatran orangutan, are found on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia (it is more rare than the Bornean orangutan) The Pongo hooijeri is a prehistoric species of orangutan from the Pleistocene of Vietnam These three places are both tropical rainforest biomes The flowering plants and abundance of trees provide food and habitats for 4. Orangutan Competition In general, orangutans do not need to compete with other orangutans or other animals for resources due to their usually solitary living habits However, aggressions may be formed over food especially common in fig trees Mature adults will usually win in any situations of competition being twice the size of female adults and sub adult males Orangutans will never eat other orangutans 5. Biodiversity Family: Hominidae Subfamily: Pongidae; the great apes including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos Genus: Pongo; includes gorillas and orangutans Species: Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan) Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) Orangutans are related to gorillas the most out of apes being in the same genus Orangutans share 97% of the same DNA as humans Humans and orangutans have many 6. Adaptive Radiation Orangutans hardly ever traverse across the ground. The Bornean spends some time on the ground but the Sumatran will probably only stay in the tree canopies all their lives They live in tropical biomes and eat the tropical fruit within their reach. Therefore, orangutans will go where the food is. Their main sources of food have been in these tropical communities of Malaysia and Indonesia. Orangutans live in two places in the world, there are slight differences between the two species that live in one or the other of these places 7. Adaptions Orangutans are the largest arboreal animals in the world-they spend over 95% of their time in trees Males can have arm spans up to 8 feet long Quadrumanous scrambling- the unique way that they travel through the trees Long narrow hands and feet for grasping branches Short opposable thumbs and big toes help with hanging on tree bhanches and brachiation (hand over hand swinging from branches) Highly mobile hip and shoulder joints 8. Evolution Orangutans are part of the scientific order primates which contains all the monkeys, prosimians and apes living today Primates are one of the oldest surviving mammal groups, thought to go back at least 65 million years They inhabit almost every part of the world, non-human primates found predominantly in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. The Bornean orangutan is now endangered at about 41,000 and the Sumatran orangutan is now critically endangered at about 7,500 in population A century ago, there were more than 230,000 orangutans total 9. Primary and Secondary Succession? Orangutans live in habitats of Primary succession today The reason for their decline in population is due to clear cutting and initially the decrease of trees, land and resources that are essential to an orangutan life. If secondary succession were to take place in the orangutan wild habitats, they would become extinct The largest, most important contributor to orangutan survival are the tropical trees in which they live in and harvest food from If these trees were to disappear for centuries, orangutans would become extinct in that time (Another contributor to orangutan are palm oil plantations) 10. Photo References http://worldwildlife.org/species/bornean-orangutan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan http://www.orangutan.org.uk/about-orangutans/diet http://www.nashvillezoo.org/animals/mammals/clouded-leopard http://www.meanwhilearoundtheworld.com/en/destinations/wet-wild-in-borneo/ http://iddyhassan.blogspot.ca/2013/07/angalia-picha-za-maeneo-mbali-mbali.html http://www.visualphotos.com/image/1x9126978/orangutan_pongo_pygmaeus_in_rainforest_canopy http://www.myshutterspace.com/photo/amin-orangutan-in- matang?commentId=1177697%3AComment%3A2341340&xg_source=activity#!/photo/amin-orangutan-in- matang?context=user http://www.cleanbiz.asia/news/indonesia-approves-worlds-largest-redd-project#.Uzi2EfldWcY http://wallpapers.pupazzo.org/animals/slides/Female%20Sumatran%20Orangutan%20and%20Baby.html http://animals.wikia.com/wiki/Bornean_Orangutan. http://www.orangutans.com.au/Orangutans-Survival-Information/Biology.aspx http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.php?imageId=2411211 http://sensefororangutan.blogspot.ca/ http://blog.dinolingo.com/tag/apes/ http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/archive/536528/national-geographic-landscape-and-wildlife-photographer-interview http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/en/photosandvideos/photos/slideshows/A-tiger-tragedy/Forest-Destruction-in-Sumatra1/ http://inhabitat.com/evidence-of-orangutan-graveyard-uncovered-in-plantation-linked-to-procter-gamble/ 11. Information References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongo_hooijeri http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan http://www.orangutans-sos.org/ http://orangutan.org/OFI/orangutans/orangutan-biology/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/06/090623-humans-chimps-related_2.html http://www.sumatranorangutan.org/sumatran-orangutans/behaviour http://www.orangutanrepublik.org/faqs-mainmenu-28/20-about-orangutans/61-what-do-wild-orangutans-eat http://www.orangutan.org.uk/about-orangutans/diet http://www.orangutanrepublik.org/become-aware/orangutan-specifics-40237/orangutan-evolution http://www.whateats.com/?s=Orangutan http://worldwildlife.org/species/orangutan http://inhabitat.com/evidence-of-orangutan-graveyard-uncovered-in-plantation-linked-to-procter-gamble/