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Oracle Database 12cNew Features
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 12 of the corporate presentation template2
Oracle Database 12c
Oracle Database 12c introduces significant new (HA) capabilities that – Drastically cut down planned and unplanned downtime
– Eliminate compromises between HA and Performance
– Tremendously boost operational productivity
These take Availability to unprecedented new levels– Next-generation Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
– Optimized for Oracle
Extreme Availability
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Maximum Availability Architecture
Active Data Guard– Data Protection, DR– Query Offload
GoldenGate– Active-active– Heterogeneous
RMAN, Oracle Secure Backup– Backup to tape / cloud
Active Replica
Edition-based Redefinition, Online Redefinition, Data Guard, GoldenGate– Minimal downtime maintenance, upgrades, migrations
RAC– Scalability– Server HA
Flashback– Human error
correction
Production Site Application Continuity– Application HA
Global Data Services – Service Failover / Load Balancing
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Database outages can cause in-flight work to be lost, leaving users and applications in-doubt
Often leads to User pains Duplicate submissions Rebooting mid-tiers Developer pains
In-Flight Work: Dealing With OutagesCurrent Situation
Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
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Solving Application Development Pains
Transaction Guard
A reliable protocol and API that returns the outcome of
the last transaction
New in Oracle Database 12c
Application Continuity
Safely attempts to replay in-flight work following outages
and planned operations
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Transaction Guard Preserve and Retrieve COMMIT Outcome
API that supports known commit outcome for every transaction
Without Transaction Guard, upon failures – transaction retry can cause logical corruption
With Transaction Guard, applications can deal gracefully with error situations, vastly improving end-user experience
Used transparently by Application Continuity
Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
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Application Continuity Masks Unplanned/Planned Outages
Replays in-flight work on recoverable errors
Masks many hardware, software, network, storage errors and outages when successful
Improves end-user experience and productivity without requiring custom app development
Transaction Replayed
Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Databases in Replicated EnvironmentsChallenges
No seamless way to efficiently use all the databases
No automated load balancing and fault tolerance
Primary
Active Standby
Active Standby
GoldenGate
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Global Data Services
Global Data Services
• Extends RAC-style service failover, load balancing (within and across data centers), and management capabilities to a set of replicated databases
• Takes into account network latency, replication lag, and service placement policies
• Achieve higher availability, improved manageability and maximize performance
Load Balancing and Service Failover for Replicated Databases
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Global Data Services
Reporting client routed to ‘best’ database– Based on location, response time, data, acceptable
data lag
– Reports will automatically run on least loaded server
Reporting client failover– If preferred database not available, will route to
another database in same region or a remote database
Global service migration– Automatically migrates services based on
failover/switchover - if primary database is down, start Call Center service on the new primary
Active Data Guard Example
Active Data Guard
Reporting Service
Call Center Service
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Global Data Services
Call Center Client connections and requests transparently routed to the closest / best database
– Runtime load balancing metrics give client real-time information on which database to issue next request
If a database fails, its global services restarted on another replica
GoldenGate Example
GoldenGate
Call Center Service
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Global Data ServicesUse Case: Active Data Guard without GDS
Primary Active Standby
Data Guard
Order History ViewOrder Capture
Critical E-Commerce App accessing Active Data Guard Standby
What happens when Active Standby is down?
OrdersService
HistoryService
Primary Active Standby
Data Guard
Order History ViewOrder Capture
OrdersService
HistoryService
?
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Global Data ServicesUse Case: Active Data Guard with GDS: All HA
When Active Standby is down … GDS fails over History Service
to primary, redirects connection through FAN/FCF
Primary Active Standby
Data Guard
OrdersService
HistoryService
Global Data Services
Order HistoryView
Order Capture
HistoryService
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Global Data Services: Concepts GDS Region: Group of databases and clients in close network proximity, e.g., East, West GDS Pool: Databases that offer a common set of global services, e.g., HR, Sales Global Service: Database Service provided by multiple databases with replicated data
– Local service + {region affinity, replication lag, database cardinality}
Global Service Manager (GSM): Provides main GDS functionality: service management and load balancing
– Clients connect to GSM instead of database listener
– At least one GSM per region or multiple GSMs for High Availability
– All databases/services register to all GSM Listeners
GDS Catalog: stores all metadata, enables centralized global monitoring & management– Global service configuration stored in GDS Catalog
GDSCTL: Command-line Interface to administer GDS
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Global Data Services: Summary Globally Replicated, High Availability Architecture
• GDS Framework dynamically balances user requests across multiple replicated sites– Based on location, load,
and availability
• Provides global availability– Supports automatic
service failover
• GDS integrates disparate databases into a unified data cloud
GSM - Global Service Manager
LocalStandby
LocalStandby
Data Center #2EMEA
Data Center #1APAC
Active Data Guard
Active Data Guard
Primary
LocalStandby
Active Data Guard
GDSCTL GDS Catalog
Primary
GDS CatalogStandby
Master
Oracle GoldenGate
Active Data Guard
SALES POOL (sales_reporting_srvc, sales_entry_srvc)
HR POOL(hr_apac_srvc, hr_emea_srvc)
All GDS client databases connected to all GSMs
Master
RemoteStandby
Reader Farm
Active Data Guard
Global ServiceManagers
Global ServiceManagers
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Zero Data Loss Challenge
The longer the distance, the larger the performance impact
Synchronous Communication Leads To Performance Trade-Offs
Primary Standby
Commit
Commit Ack
Network Send
Network Ack
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PrimaryStandbyASYNC
Data Guard Async – TodaySome Data Loss Exposure Upon Disaster
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Far Sync: light-weight Oracle instance: standby control file, standby redo logs, archived redo logs, no data files
Receives redo synchronously from primary, forwards redo asynchronously in real-time to standby
Upon Failover: Async standby transparently obtains last committed redo from Far Sync and applies: zero data loss failover
Second Far Sync Instance can be pre-configured to transmit in reverse direction after failover/switchover
Terminal standbys required to be Active Data Guard Standbys
Active Data Guard Far Sync – New in 12.1Zero Data Loss For Async Deployments
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PrimaryStandby
Far SyncInstance
Active Data Guard Far SyncOperational Flow
ASYNC
SYNC
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PrimaryStandby
Far SyncInstance
Active Data Guard Far SyncOperational Flow (contd.)
No Compromise Between Availability and Performance!
ASYNC
SYNC
Zero Data Loss
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Best data protection, least performance impact
Low cost and complexity
Best way to implement a near DR + Far DR model
Relevant to existing Data Guard ASYNC configurations
Data Guard Failover? No Problem! Just do it – No Data Loss!
Active Data Guard Far SyncBenefits
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Active Data Guard Real-Time CascadingEliminates Propagation Delay
Primary Standby 1 Standby 2
In 12.1, Standby 1 forwards redo to Standby 2 in real-time, as it is received: no propagation delay for a log switch
Standby 2 (Active Data Guard Standby) is up-to-date for offloading read-only queries and reports
SYNC or ASYNC ASYNC
In 11.2, Standby 1 waits till log switch before forwarding redo from archived logs to Standby 2
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Data Guard Fast SyncReduced Primary Database Impact for Maximum Availability
Primary Standby
RedoLogs
StandbyRedoLogs
Commit
CommitAcknowledge
For SYNC transport: remote site acknowledges received redo before writing it to standby redo logs
Reduces latency of commit on primary Better DR – increased SYNC distance If network round-trip latency less than
time for local online redo log write, synchronous transport will not impact primary database performance
NSS RFSLGWR
Commit
CommitAcknowledge
Acknowledgereturned on receipt
Primary Standby
RedoLogs
StandbyRedoLogs
NSS RFSLGWR
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Data GuardOther New Features in Oracle Database 12c
Rolling Upgrade With Active Data Guard Automate complexity through simple PL/SQL Package: DBMS_ROLLING (12.1.0.1 onwards), with simple Init, Build, Start, Switchover, Finish procedures
Additional Data Type Support: XML OR, Binary XML, Spatial, Image, Oracle Text, DICOM, ADTs (simple types, varrays), …
Validate Role Change Readiness Ensure Data Guard configuration ready for switchover
with automated health checks – verify no log gaps, perform log switch, detects any inconsistencies, ensures online log files cleared on standby, …
DML on Global Temporary Tables Temporary undo is not logged in redo logs
Enables DML on global temporary tables on Active Data Guard: more reporting support
Set by default on Active Data Guard standby
Unique Sequences Primary allocates a unique range of sequence
numbers to each Standby
Enables more flexible reporting choices for Active Data Guard
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Fine-grained Table Recovery From Backup
Simple RECOVER TABLE command to recover one or more tables (most recent or older version) from an RMAN backup
Eliminates time and complexity associated with manual restore, recover & export
– Enables fine-grained point-in-time recovery of individual tables instead of the contents of the entire tablespaceRMAN
Backups
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Cross-Platform Backup & Restore
Simplifies procedure for platform migration Minimize read-only impact with multiple incremental backups
Simplified Platform Migration
Source Database (AIX)
Backup to Disk/Tape
(data files, optional endian conversion,
metadata export)
Restore Backup(optional endian
conversion, metadata import)
Destination Database (Solaris)
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Backup and recover specific pluggable databases with new PLUGGABLE DATABASE keywords: RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB1>, <PDB2>;
Familiar BACKUP DATABASE command backs up CDB, including all PDBs
PDB Complete Recovery– RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;
– RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;
PDB Point-in-Time Recovery– RMAN> RUN {
– SET UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-3';
– RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;
– RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;
– ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB> OPEN RESETLOGS; }
Familiar RECOVER DATABASE command recovers CDB, including all PDBs
Oracle Multitenant Backup & RestoreFine-Grained Backup & Recovery to Support Consolidation
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Better PerformanceOther New Features in Oracle Database 12c
Enhanced Multi-section Backup capability: now supports image copies and incremental backups
More efficient synchronization of standby database using simple RMAN command: RECOVER DATABASE … FROM SERVICE
Enhanced Active Duplicate– Cloning workload moved to destination server via auxiliary channels,
relieving resource bottlenecks on source
– Cloning can now use RMAN compression and multi-section capability to further increase performance
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Overview
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group BDisk Group AShared Disk Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One Mapping of ASM Instances to Servers
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node4Node3Node2Node1 Node5ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
Database Instance
DB
A
DB
A
DB
B
DB
B
DB
C
DB
B
Current State
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Flex ASM: Eliminate 1:1 Server MappingNew: ASM Storage Consolidation in Oracle Database 12c
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group BDisk Group AShared Disk Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share ASM instances
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1
Node5 runs as ASM Client to Node4
Node1 runs as ASM Client to Node2
Node1 runs as ASM Client to Node4
Node2 runs as ASM Client to Node3
ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
DB
A
DB
A
DB
B
DB
B
DB
C
DB
B
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Flex ASM: Supporting Oracle Database 11gPrevious Database Versions Will Host Local ASM Instance
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group BDisk Group AShared Disk Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share ASM instances
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1 ASM ASM ASM
DB
A
DB
A
DB
B
DB
B
DB
C
DB
BASM ASM
11.2DB
11.2DB
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Online Redefinition Enhancements Improved sync_interim_table performance
Ability to redefine table with VPD policies
Improved resilience of finish_redef_table
Better handling of multi-partition redefinition
Other HA Enhancements
Online Datafile Move Relocate a datafile while users are actively
accessing data: ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE …
Maintains data availability during storage migration
Separation of Duties SYSDG / SYSBACKUP: Data Guard & RMAN
specific administrative privileges
No access to user data: enforce security standards throughout the enterprise
Additional Online Operations Drop index online / Alter index unusable online / Alter
index visible / invisible online
Drop constraint online / Set unused column online
Online move partition: ALTER TABLE … MOVE PARTITION … ONLINE
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Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features
Application Continuity Global Data Services Data Guard Enhancements RMAN Enhancements Flex ASM Other HA Enhancements GoldenGate Update
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Log-based Changed Data
Oracle & Non-OracleDatabase(s)
Message Bus
Oracle Database12c *
Oracle GoldenGate 12c*Low-Impact, Real-Time Data Integration & Transactional Replication
Data Integrator
New DB/HW/OS/APP
Fully Active Distributed DB
Reporting Database
Data Warehouse
ODS
Zero Downtime Upgrade & Migration
Query & Report Offloading
Data Synchronization within the Enterprise
Real-time BI, Operational Reporting, MDM
Event Driven Architecture, SOA
Active-Active High Availability
Message Bus
Global Data Centers
Exact Copy of Primary
Disaster Recovery for Non-Oracle Databases
*: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in FY14
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GoldenGate Zero Downtime Migration/UpgradeSeamless Migration and Upgrades to Oracle Database 12c*
• Consolidate/migrate/ maintain systems without downtime
• Minimize risk with failback option
• Validate data before switchover
• Use Active-Active replication for phased user migration
Nn-OracleERP
Oracle Database 12c
Non-OracleERP
Compare & Verify using Oracle GoldenGateVeridata
*: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in FY14
Real-Time ReplicationFor Migrations
OptionalFailback
Data Flow
Switchover
Oracle10.2CRM
Oracle 11.2DW
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Oracle GoldenGate for Active-Active DatabasesIncrease ROI on Existing Servers & Synchronize Data
• Utilize secondary systems for transactions
• Enable continuous availability during unplanned & planned outages
• Synchronize data across global data centers
• Use intelligent conflict detection & resolution
*: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in FY14
Oracle Database 12c
Oracle10.2App2
Oracle 11.2
App3
Non-Oracle
App
Heterogeneous Bi-Directional Real-Time Replication
In-Memory & Analytic Features
Click icon to add picture
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Oracle Database In-Memory Option
Leading edge In-Memory technology – Seamlessly integrated into Oracle Database
Delivers Extreme Performance for– Analytics and Ad-Hoc reporting on live data
– Enterprise OLTP and Data Warehousing
– Scale-up and Scale-out
Trivial to Deploy for All Applications and Customers
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Adaptive Query Optimization
Adaptive PlansAdjust query plans at runtime based upon current data
Adaptive Statistics Adapt optimizer statistics at runtime
“Learn” for future queries
Adaptive Query Optimization
Adaptive Plans Adaptive Statistics
Join Methods
Parallel distribution
Methods
At compile
time
At run time
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Adaptive Execution PlansGood SQL execution without intervention
HJ
Table scanT2
Table scanT1
NL
Index Scan
T2
Threshold exceeded, plan
switches
Table scanT1
HJ
Table scanT2
Plan decision deferred until runtime
Final decision is based on statistics collected during execution
If statistics prove to be out of range, sub-plans can be swapped
Bad effects of skew eliminated
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ela
psed
Tim
e
Oracle E-Business Suite Reports
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Oracle In-Database Analytics
Statistical Functions Data Mining &
Predictive Analytics Text Search Text Mining Graph Analysis Spatial Analysis Semantic Analysis In-Database
MapReduce
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Why In-Database Analytics?
Performance and Scalability Leverages power and scalability of Oracle Database.
Fastest Way to Develop Applications Specialized API’s and flexible SQL access
Lowest Total Costs of Ownership No need for separate analytical servers
Differentiating Features
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Key Features
Oracle Advanced AnalyticsFastest Way to Deliver Scalable Enterprise-wide Predictive Analytics
In-database data mining algorithms and open source R algorithms
SQL, PL/SQL, R languages Scalable, parallel in-database
execution Workflow GUI and IDEs Integrated component of Database Enables enterprise analytical
applications
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In-Database Analytics:The On-Going Evolution of SQL
4 5
• Introduction of Window functions
• Enhanced Window functions (percentile,etc)
• Rollup, grouping sets, cube
• Statistical functions• SQL model clause• Partition Outer Join
• SQL Pivot• Recursive WITH• ListAgg, Nth value window
• Pattern matching• Top N clause• Identity Columns• Column Defaults
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Oracle Database 12c
Oracle Database 12c offers a tremendously sophisticated set of high availability (HA) capabilities
These capabilities– Further reduce downtime
– Significantly improve productivity
– Eliminate traditional compromises
Extreme Availability: Summary
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Oracle Database 12c:Engineered for Clouds and Big Data
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Big Data
Database as a Service
Cloud
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Private Database Cloud ArchitecturesOracle Database 11g
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Private Database Cloud ArchitecturesOracle Database 12c
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Oracle Database ArchitectureRequires memory, processes and database files
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New Multitenant ArchitectureMemory and processes required at multitenant container level only
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Multitenant ArchitectureComponents of a Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
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Multitenant Architecture
Multitenant architecture can currently support up to 252 PDBs
A PDB feels and operates identically to a non-CDB
You cannot tell, from the viewpoint of a connected client, if you’re using a PDB or a non-CDB
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Unplug / PlugSimply unplug from the old CDB … and plug into the new CDB …
Moving between CDBs is a simple case of moving a PDB’s metadata
An unplugged PDB carries with it lineage, opatch, encryption key info etc.
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Unplug / PlugExample
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Common Data DictionaryBefore 12.1: Oracle and user meta data intermingle over time
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Oracle Data and User Data
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Horizontally Partitioned Data Dictionary
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Multitenant Architecture - Dynamics
PDBs share common SGA and background processes
Foreground sessions see only the PDB they connect to
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Manage Many as One with MultitenantBackup databases as one; recover at pluggable database level
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Manage Many as One with MultitenantOne standby database covers all pluggable databases
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Multitenant for Simplified UpgradesApply changes once, all pluggable databases updated
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Multitenant for PatchingFlexible choice when patching & upgrading databases
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Improved Agility with Changing WorkloadsExpand Cluster to support flexible consolidation model
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Unprecedented Agility with Pluggable PortabilityPDB migrates though SLAs as it becomes more mission critical
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Multitenant for Provisioning
PDBs can be cloned from within the same CDB
PDBs can be cloned from remote CDBs
Fast cloning of PDBs
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Advantages of Multitenant ArchitectureReduced CapEx & OpEx, Increased Agility, Easy Adoption
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Managing Shared ResourcesResource management in multitenant environment
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Managing Resources between PDBs
Using Resource Manager, you can control– CPU
– Exadata I/O
– Sessions
– Parallel execution servers
Configure a policy that controls how resources are utilized– Default configuration that works, even as PDBs are added or removed
– Hard limits, for “get what you pay for”
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Managing Resources between PDBs
The model is “industry standard” based on two notions:– A number of shares is allocated to each PDB
– A “cap” (a.k.a. maximum utilization limit) may be applied to each PDB
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Manage CPU
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Upgrade to MultitenantStep 1: Upgrade databases in-place
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Upgrade to MultitenantStep 2: Plug-in upgraded databases
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Use Cases
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1. Multitenant for Test and DevelopmentFast, flexible copy and snapshot of pluggable databases
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2. Consolidation of Disparate ApplicationsShared overhead of memory and processes
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3. Self-service Database as a Service (DBaaS)Pick from standard sizes and service levels
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4. Multitenant. Perfect for SaaSMultitenancy implemented by the Database, not the Application
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5. Multitenant. Perfect for ISVsPackaged apps and reference data are easily distributed
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Use Cases
1. Development / Testing – start here!
2. Consolidation of Disparate Applications
3. Database as a Service (DBaaS) on Private Cloud
4. Software as a Service (SaaS)
5. ISVs: Distribution of Packaged Apps and Data
6. …many others!
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Partners Support Oracle Multitenant
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Key Benefits
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Thank you! Questions?
Don’t forget about our Hands On Labs!Oracle Database 12c Features with Oracle SQL Developer HOL10047Thursday 3:30PM
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