Oracle Database 12c New Features for 11g DBA! - · PDF fileBiju Thomas OneNeck IT Solutions...

Biju ThomasOneNeck IT Solutions

Oracle Database 12c New Features for 11g DBA!

April 2016

@biju_thomas

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• Oracle ACE Director

• Principal Solutions Architect with OneNeck® IT Solutions

• More than 20 years of Oracle database administration experience and over 7 years of E-Business Suite experience

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Learn features of Oracle Database 12c that are not top, but

would help you!

As a 11g DBA, what you should know when working with 12c

database (changed behavior or additional functionality)

Many features discussed at high level – once you know what to

look for, “search” always works! (have <90 seconds for each feature)

You leave this room learning at least one (new) feature or

behavior of 12c you never knew before!

Session Objectives


Oracle Database 12c R1 (12.1.0.1.0) released June 25, 2013 – Few top features!

Multitenancy - Container and Pluggable Databases

Data Redaction

Adaptive Query Optimization

Table restore using RMAN

Identity Column & Invisible Column

In-Database Archiving, Automatic Data Optimization

Unified Auditing and Policy-based auditing

Flex ASM

Far Sync Standby and Cascaded Standby

Is Database 12c Really New?


Released July 2014

Patchset 1 also includes few cool features, with major ones like

Oracle Database In-Memory

Oracle Big Data SQL

Oracle JSON Document Store

Improvements to Oracle Multitenant

Clone Remote PDB

Metadata only PDB clone

Rapid Home Provisioning

Full database caching

Database 12c R1 Patchset 1 (12.1.0.2)


READ Object Privilege, READ ANY TABLE system privilege

SELECT privilege also includes privilege to lock LOCK TABLE <table_name> IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;

SELECT ... FROM <table_name> FOR UPDATE;

READ privilege is more secure, a true READ ONLY privilege!

Grants and Revokes work similar to SELECT grants.

No, there is no READ statement to go with the privilege, you still use the SELECT statement

SQL> GRANT READ ON XX.XXLE_CUSTOMERS_T TO smith;

SQL> GRANT READ ANY TABLE TO peter;

SQL> REVOKE READ ON XX.XXLE_SUPPLIERS_VW FROM smith;

SQL> REVOKE READ ANY TABLE FROM peter;

READ Privilege (12.1.0.2)1


By default, undo information on global temporary-table DML operations are stored in the undo tablespace, similar to undo operations on persistent tables.

Temporary Undo2

Temp TablespaceUndo Tablespace

Tempoarary TableUndo Segment

Redo Buffer Redo Log Files

Archive Log Files

Undo

Red

o

DML


New parameter TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED

Undo information generated by DML operations on temporary tables stored in the temporary tablespace; therefore, no redo is generated for the undo operation.

Reduces the amount of undo data stored in

the undo tablespaces, and the amount

of redo from the undo.

Parameter is session modifiable.

Temporary Undo2

Temp Tablespace

Tempoarary Table

Undo Segment

Un

do

DML


File move (rename) in 11g Take tablespace offline

Use OS command to copy or move file – DBA does copy outside database

Use SQL to update the controlfile

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE or

ALTER TABLESPACE … RENAME DATAFILE

Bring tablespace online

To move files belonging the SYSTEM, do in MOUNT mode.

File move in 12c Just one step – no unavailability!

ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE 'x' TO 'y'

The “TO” clause is optional – if omitted, file is moved to DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST as OMF.

Online Data File Move3


Files belonging to SYSTEM tablespace can be moved using

ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE, online!

MOVE DATAFILE syntax allows only 1 file move at a time. You

can still move multiple files with ALTER DATABASE

RENAME FILE or ALTER TABLESPACE RENAME

DATAFILE options – but offline mode.

File can be moved from file system to ASM disk group, and

vice versa.

File can be moved from one diskgroup to another in ASM.

Optional KEEP clause to keep the data file at the source.

More to File Move in 12c…3


Security related values in the USER$ table are [as existed in 11gR2]:

CTIME: Date & Time when user was created

PTIME: Date & Time when user password was last changed

LTIME: Date & Time when the user account was locked

LCOUNT: Number of failed login attempts

SPARE4: Encrypted case sensitive password 11g version

PASSWORD: Encrypted case insensitive password 10g version

Added in Oracle Database 12c:

SPARE6: Last login time of the user.

Displayed when you invoke SQL*Plus

Last Login Time

$ sqlplus hr/hr

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 9 23:34:32 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Tue Dec 09 2013 23:34:22 -05:00Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

4


New CASCADE clause for TRUNCATE

Truncates all child tables that reference truncated table.

Foreign key must be defined with ON DELETE CASCADE option

Foreign key must be in ENABLED status.

Children, grand children are truncated

Cascaded TRUNCATE5

In Oracle Database 11gR2 and earlier versions, the TRUNCATE statement

had the following two restrictions along with few others.

You cannot truncate the parent table of an enabled foreign key

constraint. You must disable the constraint before truncating the table.

An exception is that you can truncate the table if the integrity

constraint is self-referential.

You cannot truncate the parent table of a reference-partitioned table.

You must first drop the reference-partitioned child table.


More DDL statements support ONLINE Dropping an index (DROP INDEX ... ONLINE)

Marking an index as UNUSABLE (using ALTER INDEX ... UNUSABLE ONLINE)

Marking a column as UNUSED (ALTER TABLE ... SET UNUSED ... ONLINE)

Dropping a constraint (ALTER TABLE ... DROP ... ONLINE)

Moving a table partition (ALTER TABLE ... MOVE PARTITION ... ONLINE)

Moving a table subpartition (ALTER TABLE ... MOVE SUBPARTITION ... ONLINE)

Do More w/o Waiting6


Merge Multiple Partitions

Split Multiple Partitions

Multiple Partition Management7


Add Multiple partitions

Drop Multiple Partitions

Truncate Multiple Partitions

More Partition Management8


New parameter PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

Specifies a limit on the aggregate PGA memory consumed by the instance

Default Value: Greater of

2 GB

200% of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET

3 MB times the PROCESSES parameter.

It will not exceed 120% of the physical memory size minus the total SGA size.

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET maintains the same behavior as 11g - specifies the target aggregate PGA memory available to all server processes attached to the instance.

Limit PGA9


New mandatory background process LREG

Registers information about the database instance and dispatcher processes with the Oracle Net Listener

When an instance starts, LREG polls the listener to determine whether it is running. If the listener is running, then LREG passes it relevant parameters. If it is not running, then LREG periodically attempts to contact it.

Manual listener registration using ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER – same as in 11g.

In 11g, PMON process had this responsibility.

Listener Registration10


There can be up to 100 Database Writer Processes (configured using DB_WRITER_PROCESSES parameter).

The names of the first 36 Database Writer Processes are DBW0-DBW9 and DBWa-DBWz.

The names of the 37th through 100th Database Writer Processes are BW36-BW99.

Useful for systems that modify data heavily.

In 11gR2, the limit was 36.

More DB Writer Processes11


Can create B-Tree and Bitmap indexes on same set of columns

Partitioned and Non-partitioned indexes

Locally partitioned and Globally partitioned indexes

Indexes that differ in partitioning type (range vs hash)

Unique and Non-unique indexes

Only one index on the same set of columns can be visible at any point in time.

If you are creating a visible index, then any existing indexes on the set of columns must be invisible. Alternatively, you can create an invisible index on the same set of columns.

Multiple Indexes on Same Column12


In #DB12c statistics are automatically created as part of a bulk load operation such as

CREATE TABLE AS SELECT operation or

INSERT INTO ... SELECT operation

Operation must be on an empty table.

Basic statistics on the table gathered, but non-default statistics such as histograms are not calculated.

Automatic Stats During Bulk Load13


New function APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT (<expr>)

Returns the approximate number of rows that contain distinct values of <expr>.

Alternative to the COUNT (DISTINCT <expr>) function, which returns the exact number of rows that contain distinct values of <expr>.

APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT processes large amounts of data significantly faster than COUNT, with negligible deviation from the exact result.

SQL> SELECT APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT (item_id) AS

"Items Ordered" FROM order_lines;

Faster (Approximate) Count – 12.1.0.214


VARCHAR2 [and NVARCHAR2, RAW] column width up to 32767 bytes

Parameter MAX_STRING_SIZE = EXTENDED – must change only when the database is started in UPGRADE mode

Once enabled, no going back

Invalidates views and materialized views, compile after change.

Individual PDBs in a CDB can have different setting

Bigger VARCHAR215


ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE]

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE

Change the setting of MAX_STRING_SIZE to EXTENDED

Run the ?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql script as SYSDBA.

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN

Changing MAX_STRING_SIZE

Shutdown database Start the database in UPGRADE

mode Change the setting of

MAX_STRING_SIZE to EXTENDED

Run the ?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql script as SYSDBA.

Restart the database in normal mode.

15


ENABLE_DDL_LOGGING

Introduced in 11g

Writes DDL statements to Alert log

What’s different in 12c?

Instead of alert log, writes to DDL log directory in ADR

<ADR Home>/log/ddl

File log.xml

The Catch:

Either Database Lifecycle Management Pack or Change Management Pack must be licensed

DDL Logging

$ cat log.xml

<msg time='2014-04-29T16:48:23.352-07:00' org_id='oracle' comp_id='rdbms'

msg_id='opiexe:4181:2946163730' type='UNKNOWN' group='diag_adl'

level='16' host_id='emcc.example.com' host_addr='10.0.2.15'

version='1'>

<txt>create table biju_test (n number)

</txt>

</msg>

16


Use adrci : New option – SHOW LOG

Default shows all logs – ddl, debug and test

Filter ddl logs using –l. Further filter using the –p option

Try “help show log” to see all predicate string options with -p

Viewing DDL Log

adrci> show log -l ddl -p "message_text like '%biju%'"

ADR Home = /u02/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ocadb1/ocadb1:

****************************************************************

Output the results to file: /tmp/utsout_4170_140592_1.ado

adrci>

2014-04-29 16:48:23.352000 -07:00

create table biju_test (n number)

2014-04-29 16:48:31.853000 -07:00

drop table biju_test

17


New Parameter: THREADED_EXECUTION (YES/NO)

Allows multiple background processes to share a single OS process on Unix, similar to Windows.

In default process models, SPID and STID columns of V$PROCESS will have the same values, whereas in multithreaded models, each SPID (process) will have multiple STID (threads) values.

The EXECUTION_TYPE column in V$PROCESS will show THREAD.

V$BGPROCESS shows the background processes.

Listener.ora should have DEDICATED_THROUGH_BROKER_<listener-name>=ON

Cannot Login ‘/ AS SYSDBA’ Must use SYS AS SYSDBA

Multi-threaded Processes18


Columns can be invisible (ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE syntax – INVISIBLE)

Not supported on temporary and external tables

Specify explicitly in INSERT, SELECT clauses

SQL*Plus: SET COLINVISIBLE ON

When you make an INVISIBLE column in Oracle 12c database to VISIBLE, the COL# is assigned the highest available. Thus the column becomes the last column in the table (not storage, only display). So, if you accidentally make a column INVISIBLE and correct it by changing to VISIBLE, the column order changes. So, if the application uses "SELECT *" or "INSERT" without column names, they might break!

Invisible Columns19


New clause in SELECT statement

Follows the ORDER BY clause

[ OFFSET offset { ROW | ROWS } ]

[ FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} [ {rowcount | percent

PERCENT} ]

{ ROW | ROWS } { ONLY | WITH TIES } ]

OFFSET clause is used to skip the specified number of rows before the limiting begins.

FETCH clause can specify the number of rows to return or a percentage of rows to return.

ONLY specifies to return exact number or percent of rows to return.

WITH TIES specifies to return all rows that have the same sort keys as the last row of the row-limited result set.

Row Limiting Clause

http://bijoos.com/oraclenotes/2013/95

20


Row Limiting Examples20


“datapatch” to run post patch scripts

Will automatically determine post scripts and actions

MOS Note “Datapatch: Database 12c Post Patch SQL Automation (Doc ID 1585822.1)”

Queryable patch inventory using DBMS_QOPATCH Package

Shows all the patch information available as part of the OPATCH LSINVENTORY -XML command.

Queryable Patch Inventory requires Oracle database instance to be open in read/write mode.

MOS Note “Oracle Database 12.1 : FAQ on Queryable Patch Inventory (Doc ID 1530108.1)”

Enhanced Patching21

GET_OPATCH_LIST

PATCH_CONFLICT_DETECTION

GET_SQLPATCH_STATUS

GET_OPATCH_PREQS

GET_OPATCH_LSINVENTORY

©2014 OneNeck IT Solutions LLC. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.31

Security Defaults

AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS defaults to TRUE in #Oracle 12c

AUDIT_ADMIN and AUDIT_VIEWER Security Roles

utlpwdmg.sql script creates ora12c_verify_function and ora12c_strong_verify_function

RESOURCE Role No Longer Grants the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE Privilege

Default Unified Audit Policy Enabled. Failed logins are written to UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL. The ORA_LOGON_FAILURES unified audit policy for new databases, tracks failed

logons only.

AUDSYS schema will be used solely for storage of the unified audit trail data table.

22


Single location, single table for audit records

Unified interface

Unified audit trail records can be read using the UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL view standard auditing

SYS auditing

fine grained auditing

data pump

SQL loader,

database vault

label security

recovery manager RMAN

real application security

Unified Audit Trail23


DBLINK_INFO

Returns the source of a database link session. Specifically, it returns a string of the form:

SOURCE_GLOBAL_NAME=dblink_src_global_name,

DBLINK_NAME=dblink_name,

SOURCE_AUDIT_SESSIONID=dblink_src_audit_sessionid

dblink_src_global_name is the unique global name of the source database

dblink_name is the name of the database link on the source database

dblink_src_audit_sessionid is the audit session ID of the session on the source database that initiated the connection to the remote database using dblink_name

Same information in UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL view – DBLINK_INFO column.

New SYS_CONTEXT Namespace24


Connecting Lower Version Clients

SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT

SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER

Replaced SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION

25


Disabled Constraints

Several disabled constraints under SYS and SYSTEM

Do not drop them

Related to different database functionalities and are intentionally created in disabled state.

Automatically enabled later when the functionality is used

TSDP_SENSITIVE_DATA$UK - Transparent Sensitive Data Protection

DAM_CONFIG_PARAM_FK1 – Oracle Audit Vault

26


Database Control is history…

Requires XDB. EM Express is a servlet built on top of Oracle XML DB.

Deafult port is 5500, can be changed using DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.setHTTPsPort (<port>) procedure

URL is https://<hostname>:5500/em

Available only when the database is open

The EM_EXPRESS_BASIC role enables users to connect to EM Express and to view the pages in read-only mode.

The EM_EXPRESS_ALL role enables users to connect to EM Express and use all the functionality.

While creating Oracle Database 12c database, DBCA picks a free port from 5500 to 5599 for Enterprise Manager Express. If you want a specific port to be used, set the environment variable DBEXPRESS_HTTPS_PORT before starting Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) or Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA).

Database Express 12c27


Database Express Home27


Import without generating archived logs TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y[:TABLE|INDEX]

Sets object to NOLOGGIG before import and reverts to original setting after import.

Choose to disable logging for tables (Y:TABLE), indexes (Y:INDEX), or both (Y).

$ impdp DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=ex2.dmp

LOGFILE=ex2.log SCHEMAS=ball

TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y:TABLE

$ impdp DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=ex1.dmp

LOGFILE=ex1.log SCHEMAS=basket

TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y

TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:N:INDEX

Data Pump NOLOGGING Import28


Export one or more views as tables VIEWS_AS_TABLES=[schema_name.]view_name[:table_na

me], ...

table_name specifies the name of a table to serve as the source of the metadata for the exported view (mainly for RO db).

Data Pump performs a table-mode export.

Useful to get a subset of data exported.

Also available in “impdp” to use in the network mode of import.

Data Pump Export Views As Tables29


SQL*Loader in #DB12c has a new option that does not require the user to create a SQL*Loader control file.

Instead, command-line parameters are used to specify how the data file is loaded, and SQL*Loader automatically chooses the best method with which to load the data.

Data files formatted as comma-separated values (CSV) to both SQL*Loader and external tables are supported.

The new parameter, TABLE, turns on express mode. The value of the TABLE parameter is the name of the table that SQL*Loader will load.

If no data file is specified, then looks for file named tablename.dat in the current directory

sqlldr username TABLE=EMPLOYEES

SQL*Loader Express Mode30


“Describe” in RMAN, similar to SQL*Plus.

Most SQL statements can be run in RMAN without the “SQL” prefix (and messing with quotes around the SQL!!).

SYSBACKUP Administration Role – Start replacing scripts where SYSDBA is used

RMAN Notables31


The biggest RMAN feature is restore table from backup.

RECOVER TABLE SCOTT.EMP, SCOTT.DEPT

UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-1'

AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/t1/tdb'

DATAPUMP DESTINATION '/t1/dump'

DUMP FILE 'emp_dept_dump.dat'

REMAP TABLE 'HR'.'EMP':'EMP_RECVR';

--NOTABLEIMPORT;

When NOTABLEIMPORT option is used, RMAN performs the restore/recover and creates the export dump file, but does not perform the import.

RMAN Restore Table33


Prior to 12c, Active Duplicate used image copies to send across network (Push method)

In 12c, you can initiate Active Duplicate using “Pull “method, which uses backupset instead of image copies.

RMAN skips unused blocks, committed undo blocks.

Can use compression and multisection options.

Fewer resources are used on the source database

Initiates PULL method when:

specify USING BACKUPSET

specify SET ENCRYPTION before the DUPLICATE command

The SECTION SIZE clause divides data files into subsections that are restored in parallel across multiple channels on the auxiliary database.

With the USING COMPRESSED BACKUPSET clause, the files are transferred as compressed backup sets

RMAN Active Duplicate Using Backupset34


Starting with 12c, the RMAN catalog database requires Enterprise Edition.

Covered under the Infrastructure Repository License (no need for additional license) RMAN

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control

Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) Warehouse

Global Data Services Catalog

Grid Infrastructure Management Repository

https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/rman_catalog_requires_ee_in

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBLIC/editions.htm#DBLIC119

RMAN Catalog Requires EE35

https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/rman_catalog_requires_ee_in

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBLIC/editions.htm#DBLIC119


Documentation (docs.oracle.com)

New Features Guide

First chapter in most books

Oracle Database 12c New Features Series

Oracle Database 12c Learning Library

What Else…

https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:24:114879399483450::::P24_CONTENT_ID,P24_PREV_PAGE:6761,24

https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:141:0:::141:P141_PAGE_ID,P141_SECTION_ID:6,18&goback=.nmp_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1.gmp_4847720.gde_4847720_member_253240816


http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/tutorials/obe/db/12c/r1/poster/OUTPUT_poster/poster.html#

TechNet Interactive Reference

http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/tutorials/obe/db/12c/r1/poster/OUTPUT_poster/poster.html


https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:141:0:::141:P141_PAGE_ID,P141_SECTION_ID:6,18

Database 12c Learning Library

https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:141:0:::141:P141_PAGE_ID,P141_SECTION_ID:6,18


Oracle Learning Library - Videos

48

Thank you!

Daily #oratidbit on Facebook and Twitter. Follow me!

Tweets: @biju_thomasFacebook: facebook.com/oraclenotes

Blog: bijoos.com/oraclenotes

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Oracle Database 12c New Features for 11g DBA! - · PDF fileBiju Thomas OneNeck IT Solutions...

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