Oracle Database 11g New Features New Features for the DBA Robert G. Freeman Collaborate 2008.

Oracle Database 11g New Oracle Database 11g New FeaturesFeatures

New Features for the DBA

Robert G. Freeman

Collaborate 2008

Robert G. FreemanRobert G. FreemanAbout Me…

Oracle Press Author Oracle Database 11g New Features Oracle Database 10g RMAN Backup and Recovery Portable DBA: Oracle Other OP Titles

Principal Engineer The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Husband, father, pilot, black belt, general malcontent.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gTopics we will cover

Installing and Upgrading to 11g. Administration and Change Assurance Backup and Recovery Features Partitioning FeaturesStrategic Strategies

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g

INSTALLING AND UPGRADING TO 11g

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gInstalling 11g

APEX installed automatically now. The install has changed a bit

ORACLE_BASE must be defined. ORACLE_BASE stored in Inventory.


Pre-requisites checkMake sure all OS patches (e.g. RPM’s) are installed.Sometimes need to skip checks (for example, running RHEL5 Linux).

Recommend you install a small database during the install or afterwards to test that all went well.


I would recommend you not upgrade when first installing the DB software

Oracle offers the option to upgrade databases during software installTest the install base before you start any upgrades

Database creationNetworking test

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Upgrade Methods

Supported Upgrade Methods Database Upgrade Assistant Manual Upgrades Export/Import SQL*Plus Copy

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Upgrade Paths

DBUA/Manual Upgrade Supported Upgrade Paths

Upgrade to supported upgrade versionAny Oracle version < 9.2.0.4

Upgrade directly to 11gOracle 9.2.0.4 (or higher)Oracle 10.1.0.2 (or higher)Oracle 10.2.0.1(or higher) (10.2.0.3 for CW)

Exp/Imp method or SQL*Plus copy method generally supported across versions.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g - DBUA

Using the DBUARun from the 11g Oracle HomePersonally recommend you make your own backup before you upgrade a database.Executes pre-upgrade checks and post-upgrade checks.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g - DBUA

DBUA prompts you forDatabase to upgrade (from /etc/oratab or an Oracle service)Location of DIAGNOSTIC_DEST Option to move datafiles (including to/from ASM)Backup of your databaseAbility to manage passwords for any new database users created.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Select Database

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g - LoggingNote Logging

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Log Files

Log Name Purpose

UpgradeResults.html This is a summary of what the DBUA intends to upgrade. This HTML file is displayed by the DBUA before the upgrade begins.

Trace.log Provides detailed tracing information on the entire upgrade process. Any errors reported by the DBUA will be recorded in this log.

Oracle_Server.log*Tail this file during upgrade.

This file provides details of the execution of the entire migration project. If an error occurs or the upgrade fails, you can find more details in this file.

Post_Upgrade.log Log file for details on post upgrade operations. You can look in this file to determine if the upgrade was successful or not.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – DBUA Upgrade

Summary

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Manual Upgrades

Manual Upgrades supportedCan be a bit tedious and requires a number of manual steps.

Recommend you use a checklist!More overall control over the upgrade process.Most steps can be re-executed if they fail once you have corrected the cause of the failure.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Using Exp/Imp

Useful if you are migrating from a database version that does not support the DBUA or manual upgrade method.In some ways perhaps the safest way to upgrade.Allows you to configure the new 11g database before you move data over to it.In many cases, may be the slowest way to upgrade your database.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g – Using Exp/Imp/DataPump

Allows you to move to different platforms easily. Can also be used to rollback from an unsuccessful upgrade.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gUpgrade to 11g

Test test testYou never know what won’t work in your environment.You can take advantage of change assurance.Change assurance might not catch everything (e.g. 9i to 10.2 ODBC issue)


Administration of Oracle Database 11g


ADRAWRSupport WorkbenchAutomatic Memory ManagementDatabase ReplaySQL performance AnalyzerVirtual ColumnsTable Compression

Administration of Oracle Database 11g


Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gAutomatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

New management structure in 11g called the Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)

Centralized and standardized repository for the Oracle 11g Fault Diagnosability infrastructure.Replaces several existing directories

User_dump_destBackground_dump_destCore_dump_dest

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gAutomatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR)Files stored in the ADR:

Alert logTrace filesIncident packages

Default location$ORACLE_BASE/diag/{product}/{database}/{instance}

Example:

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDIAGNOSTIC_DEST

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gADR

Alert log now XML based (though a text copy is still available).New view V$DIAG_INFO

Used to determine information about the ADR:

SQL> select * from v$diag_info; INST_ID NAME VALUE---------- ------------------------- ------------------ 1 Diag Enabled TRUE 1 ADR Base C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT 1 ADR Home C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\diag\rdbms\rob11gr4\rob11gr4


New tool: ADRCIADR Command Line InterpreterUsed to manage and report from ADR.


ADRCI ExampleC:\oracle\product\11gBetaR4\db_01\NETWORK\ADMIN>adrciadrci>>show alert -tailADR Home = C:\oracle\product\diag\rdbms\rob11gr4\rob11gr4:************************************************************2007-06-02 00:42:47.398000 -06:00Logminer Bld: Lockdown Complete. DB_TXN_SCN is UnwindToSCN (LockdownSCN) is 18324432007-06-02 00:42:48.929000 -06:00db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 83.44% used. This is auser-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by thisdatabase for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount ofspace available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.2007-06-02 00:43:45.586000 -06:00


ADRCI HomesSystems with multiple databases will have individual ADR homes.Set the ADR_HOME when using ADRCI to make sure you are pointed to the correct location.


ADRCI HomesExample:adrci> show homesADR Homes: diag/rdbms/probe2/PROBE2diag/rdbms/probe1/PROBE1diag/asm/+asm/+ASM11diag/tnslsnr/prolin2/listener

adrci> set homepath diag/rdbms/probe2/PROBE2

adrci> show homesADR Homes: diag/rdbms/probe2/PROBE2


Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gAWR

AWR FeaturesDefault data retention

Changes from 7 days to 8 days.BaselinesAdaptive Metric Thresholds


AWR BaselinesMoving window baselines A moving baseline typically based on the entirety of the statistical data contained in AWRSingle baseline Allows you to define a baseline to be captured for a single specified period of time in the futureRepeating baseline Allows you to define a baseline to be captured for a repeating period of time in the future


Adaptive Metric ThresholdsReporting thresholds developed using AWR metrics.Allows for floating monitoring thresholds.As your system workload changes, the alerting thresholds will evolve to reflect the current state of the database.


Support Workbench

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gSupport Workbench

Provides the ability to investigate errors and report them to Oracle.

Identify errors via Health Checkers and reported errors (e.g. ORA-600).Repair some kinds of errorsOpen SR’sPackage files to send to Oracle


Health CheckersDiagnostic programs that are automatically run by Oracle. Can also run manually.6 General categories of checkers

Database Structure Integrity Check Data Block Integrity Check Redo Integrity Check Undo Segment Integrity Check Transaction Integrity Check Dictionary Integrity Check


What might a Health Checker Find?Missing DatafileLogically corrupted data fileData dictionary corruptionRedo log corruptionUndo segment corruption

Errors discovered will surface in the support workbench and in data dictionary views.


Create an SR with the Support WorkbenchUse an existing problem

Discovered by a checkerReported by Oracle (ORA-600)

Create your own problem (User-reported problem).Automatic SR creation


Package files related to the problemTrace filesCore dumpsAlert log

Automatic package creationCustom package creation


Automatic Memory Management

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gAutomatic Memory Management

Two parameters now to manage SGA and PGAMemory_target - DynamicMemory_max_size – Not dynamic


Memory_target= sga_max_size+max(pga_aggregate_target,results of (select value from v$pgastat where name='maximum PGA allocated';) )

Oracle will adjust underlying memory areas as required.


Replaces these parametersSga_max_sizeSga_size (will be configured with a default value)

Db_cache_sizeLarge_pool_sizeStreams_pool_size

Pga_aggregate_target

Shared_pool_sizeJava_pool_size


Still configureLog_bufferKeep, Recycle and non-default block size buffers


Memory Advisor View V$MEMORY_TARGET_ADVICE (Dependent n AWR)

SQL> select * from v$memory_target_advice order by memory_size_factor;

MEMORY_SIZE MEMORY_SIZE_FACTOR ESTD_DB_TIME ESTD_DB_TIME_FACTOR

----------- ------------------ ------------ ------------------- 176 .5 126 1.1443 264 .75 110 1 352 1 110 1 440 1.25 110 1 528 1.5 109 .99 616 1.75 109 .99 704 2 109 .99


Database Replay

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay

Part of 11g Real Application Testing (RAT)Provides the ability to replay database workload in real-time.Test system changes more reliably

OS ChangesNew indexesApplication SQL changesConverting to RAC (or from RAC)

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay

Four basic steps to replayCapture workload Process captured workloadReplay workloadReview results

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay – Capture Workload

Prepare for captureYour database is in ARCHIVELOG mode.Backup database (or set a restore point)Create directory for workload capture related files.Determine if you need to cycle the database before capture begins.


Execute captureOEM – Leads you through the processManual – dbms_workload_capture.start_captureBEGIN DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE.START_CAPTURE (name => 'Pre_Upgrade_Capture_092507_01', dir => 'Workload_Capture', duration => 1200);END;/


Status of Workload CaptureUse the dba_workload_captures view

select id, name, status from dba_workload_captures; ID NAME STATUS---------- ------------------------------ ------------ 12 Pre_Upgrade_Capture_092507_01 IN PROGRESS

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Capture Workload

Stop CaptureOEM – Provides a button to stop workload capture.Manual – dbms_workload_capture.finish_captureBEGIN Exec dbms_workload_capture.finish_capture;

END;/

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Process Captured

WorkloadStop CaptureOEM – Provides workflow guiding you through the process.Manual

dbms_workload_replay.process_capture

BEGIN DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY.PROCESS_CAPTURE (capture_dir => 'MY_CAPTURE');END;/

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Process Captured

WorkloadProcessing the workload creates additional files associated with the capture process.

Prepares the capture for movement (if desired)Move workload to replay database directory

ftp, sftp, etc…

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Replay Captured Workload

Prepare the replay databaseCreate/Restore/Flashback database if required.Remap connections if required.

External references such as database links, external tables, and the like might be different.You can create a connection mapping to resolve these differences.

Make any changes you wish to make (new index)


Replay the workloadOEM provides a workflow to follow.Manually via PL/SQL packages and replay client(s)

Initialize replay data with dbms_workload_replay.initialize_replayPrepare for the replayStart workload client (wrc)Start replay


Initialize Replay Example:BEGIN DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY.INITIALIZE_REPLAY replay_name => 'Pre_Upgrade_Cap_070107_01', replay_dir => 'MY_REPLAY_DIR');END;/

Initialized replay shows here:select id, name from dba_workload_replays; ID NAME---------- ----------------------------------

3 REPLAY-rob11gr4-20070712204202


Prepare Replay Determine parameters of the replay

Think time - manage the correct think time between database calls during Database Replay. Connection time - manage the timeframe between the start of the replay and when each session connection is made.Synchronization - disable SCN-based synchronization of the replay.


ExampleBEGIN DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY.PREPARE_REPLAY ( synchronization=>FALSE);END;/

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Start Replay

Starting ReplayPart of OEM Database Replay WorkflowStart replay OS clientsStart replay on database

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Start Workload Client(s)

Workload ClientsMultithreaded programs Each thread submits a workload from a captured session. Database replay will wait for these to start.Must start manually for both OEM and manual replay operations.Started from command line (wrc). Example:wrc mode=replay userid=replay_sys password=Robert

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay –Start Database Replay

Start Database Replay (manual)Use dbms_workload_replay.start_replayWill start replay.Will exit after replay has started.Use dbms_workload_replay.cancel_replay to stop.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay – Replay Monitoring Views

Data Dictionary Views to Monitor ReplayDBA_WORKLOAD_REPLAYSDBA_WORKLOAD_REPLAY_DIVERGENCEV$WORKLOAD_REPLAY_THREAD

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay – Report on Replay Results

Workload Replay ReportDbms_workload_replay.get_replay_infoDbms_workload_replay.reportVarious options for level of detail, output type, etc…

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gDatabase Replay – Report on Replay Results

ExampleDECLARE rep_rpt CLOB;BEGIN rep_id := DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY.GET_REPLAY_INFO( dir => 'Workload_Capture'); rep_rpt := DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY.REPORT( replay_id => rep_id,

format => 'TEXT'); dbms_output.put_line(rep_rpt);END;/


SQL Performance Analyzer

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gSQL Performance Analyzer

Provides the ability to simulate the impacts of a given change on a system.

New database parameter settingNew index Remove an indexChanged statisticsOS Upgrades


Basic Workflow Capture the SQL workload in the form of a

SQL Tuning Set. If you are using a test system, set up the test

system and move the SQL tuning set to the test system.

Measure the SQL workload performance before the change.


Basic Workflow Make the change. Measure the SQL workload performance after

the change. Compare the performance results.


OEM Supports three types of workflows Optimizer Upgrade Parameter Change Guided Workflow


How is this different than Database Replay? You can pick the SQL you wish to test. SQL Statements are executed sequentially, not

concurrently. Links into the SQL Tuning Optimizer are

provided in OEM with SPA.


Virtual Columns


Oracle Database 11g support for derived values for table columns. Derived values are calculated by defining a set of expressions or functions that are associated with the virtual column when the table is created or a column is added.

Virtual Columns


You cannot write to a virtual column.There is no support for index-organized, external, object, cluster, or temporary tables.There is no support for Oracle-supplied datatypes, user-defined types, LOBs, or LONG RAWs.

Virtual Columns


Example:Create table employee( emp_id number primary key, salary number (8,2) not null, years_of_service number not null, curr_retirement as (salary*.0005 * years_of_service) );

Creates a virtual column called curr_retirement. Derived value from salary, years_of_service columns.

Virtual Columns


Table Compression


Compression in 11g no longer subject to direct mode restrictions.

All SQL operations now will result in compressed data.Potentially significant reduction in space utilization. Can potentially improve performance (dependent on CPU) due to much reduced row per block counts.

Table Compression


Compression in 11g no longer subject to direct mode restrictions.

You can compress an entire table, or specific partitions. Unfortunately , compression is a seperatly licensed product.

Table Compression

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gExampleCREATE TABLE compress_demo ( tab_id NUMBER(6), tab_rec_time date, tab_store varchar2(300) )PARTITION BY RANGE (tab_rec_time) (PARTITION long_ago VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY')) COMPRESS, PARTITION not_so_long_ago VALUES LESS THAN

(TO_DATE('01-APR-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION close_but_not_yet VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JUN-2007', 'DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION now_or_future VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE));

Table Compression


Backup and Recovery In Oracle Database 11g

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Backup and Recovery

RMANData Recovery AdvisorFlashback DatabaseSnapshot Stand-by DatabaseData Pump


RMAN

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gRMAN

Interfile Backup ParallelismNow the backup of a given data file can be done in parallel.

Faster backup compressionActive database duplication


Data Recovery Advisor

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gData Recovery Advisor

Data Recovery AdvisorProcesses detected data loss/corruption issuesRecommends solutions to correct

ManualAutomatic

Will execute automatic solution on demand.


Example (Command line)List detected failures:

RMAN> list failure;List of Database Failures=========================Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------242 HIGH OPEN 19-SEP-07 One or more non-

system datafiles are missing


List details of detected failures:

RMAN> list failure detail;List of Database Failures=========================Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------242 HIGH OPEN 19-SEP-07 One or more non- system datafiles are missing Impact: See impact for individual child failures List of child failures for parent failure ID 242 Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary ---------- -------- --------- ------------- ------- 470 HIGH OPEN 19-SEP-07 Datafile 4: '/oracle01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' is missing Impact: Some objects in tablespace USERS might be unavailable


Corrective Advice…?

RMAN> advise failure;List of Database Failures=========================Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------242 HIGH OPEN 19-SEP-07 One or more non- system datafiles are missingMandatory Manual Actions========================no manual actions available

Optional Manual Actions=======================1. If file /oracle01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it


Corrective Advice…?

Automated Repair Options========================Option Repair Description------ ------------------1 Restore and recover datafile 4 Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss Repair script: /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2909488425.hm


Fix the problem – Manual or RMANManual - Run the repair script. Contents in our case were:

# restore and recover datafile sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; restore datafile 4; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';


Fix the problem – Manual or RMANRMAN – Use the repair failure command

RMAN> repair failure;-- Rman executes script


Flashback Database Features

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gFlashback Features

Flashback Transaction BackoutBackout committed transactions and dependent transactions, online!Must be generating supplemental logging data.OEM or Manual method.


Flashback Data ArchivesTrack changes that occur on a table over the lifetime of the table. Must create a flashback archive and assign to an existing tablespace or tablespace group:

Create flashback archive default archive_one_yeartablespace retention_archivesQuota 5g retention 1 year;


Assign to a tableCreate table test_arch (id number) tablespace users flashback archive;

Alter table other_test flashback archive;

Turn off – All history is lost…Alter table other_test no flashback archive;


Many Table DDL commands are Disabled while a tablespace is in flashback archive mode.

SQL> drop table test_arch;drop table test_arch *ERROR at line 1:ORA-55610: Invalid DDL statement on history-tracked table


Querying – Just use the as of clause in the select command:Select id from test

as of timestamp (systimestamp - interval '6' month);

Flashback the Table – The table can also be flashed back to a point in time further back:Flashback table test to timestamp (systimestamp – interval '6' month);


When space fills up – Transactions fail.Monitor space usageDBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS – Space allocated to each flashback archive.Size of objects in the archive – DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES and DBA_EXTENTS.


Snapshot Standby Database

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gSnapshot Standby Database

Open the standby for useIssue DML, DDLWhen done, put the database back into standby mode.

Flashback to the point it was opened.All changed rolled back.Redo from primary DB applied.


Data Pump

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump

Data PumpExport utility deprecated Compression of dump filesEncryptionData remappingTable renamingOverwrite dump files

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Exp utility deprecated

The exp utility is deprecated.This means no bug fixes.The imp utility is not deprecated.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Compression of Dump

FilesThe compression parameter now available with expdp.Provides for compression of Data Pump dump files..


Files

Compression Options:ALL Enables compression for the entire operation.Metadata_only The default setting. Causes only the metadata to be compressed.Data_only Only the data being written to the dump file set will be compressed.None No compression will take place.


FilesExample

expdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY= data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=hr_comp.dmpCOMPRESSION=ALL

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Encryption

The encryption parameter supports encryption/decryption of dumpfile dataYou can encrypt

metadata databoth


Available encryption algorithms AES128AES192AES256

Define the encryption algorithm using the encryption_algorithm parameter.


The encryption_mode parameter supports either Password or wallet keyed encryptionAvailable encryption modes

Dual – Both password and encryption wallet used.Password – Only password used to authenticate (encryption_password parameter)Transparent – Only encryption wallet used.


Exampleexpdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=hr_comp.dmp encryption=all encryption_password=Robert encryption_algorithm=AES128 encryption_mode=PASSWORD

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Data Obfuscation

Data ObfuscationDuring export or import operationModify data via PL/SQL routine

Remap_data parameterLists schema.table_name.column_name:package_name for remap operation Separate remap_data parameter for each table/column pair.


Example PL/SQL Code – Shifts each letter.Create or replace package my_packageas

function my_function (p_in_data varchar2)return varchar2;end;/Create or replace package body my_packageas

function my_function (p_in_data varchar2)return varchar2As v_return varchar2(30);begin v_return:=translate(p_in_data, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 'bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza'); return v_return;end;end;/


Remap during exportexpdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir

DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=Robert.names remap_data=Robert.names.user_name:Robert.my_package.my_function


Remap during import (with 2 columns)impdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=ROBERT.NAMES remap_data=Robert.copy_names.user_name:Robert.my_package.my_function

remap_data=Robert.copy_names.user_commment:Robert.my_package.my_function

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Table Rename

Rename tables during an importNot available when importingUse the Remap_table parameterExample

impdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=ROBERT.NAMES remap_table=ROBERT.NAMES:COPY_NAMES

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Data Pump – Overwrite Dump Files

You can now have Data Pump overwrite old dump files.Use the reuse_dumpfile parameter.Exampleexpdp Robert/robert DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=remap.dmp tables=ROBERT.NAMES reuse_dumpfiles=Y


Partitioning In Oracle Database 11g

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning

New and enhanced partitioning in 11gInterval partitioningExtended composite partitioningReference partitioningSystem partitioningPartition with Virtual Columns


Interval Partitioning

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – Interval Partitioning

Interval PartitioningAutomatic partition creation!Use the new interval keyword to define the interval for new partitions.Partition created when new data is added. Only the relevant partition is created.Example

interval numtoyminterval(1,'MONTH'))


Interval PartitioningInterval Functions

Numtodsinterval – Convert a number into an interval day to second literal.Numtoyminterval – Convert a number into an interval year to month literal.


Interval PartitioningThe usual list of “cant’s” (which probably means that’s exactly what you want to do).

The interval-partitioned table can only have one partitioning key column, and it must be of type NUMBER or DATE.Index-organized tables are not supported.You cannot create a domain index on an interval-partitioned table.


Interval PartitioningMore “cant’s”

Interval partitioning does not support subpartitions. Thus, you can create an interval partition on the main partition of a composite partitioned table, but the subpartition cannot be interval-partitioned. Can not use maxvalue, and the partitioning key column cannot specify NULL values.


Example create table statementcreate table daily_sales( product_id number not null, customer_id number not null, sale_dt date not null , quantity_sold number(3) not null)partition by range (sale_dt)interval (numtoyminterval(1,'MONTH'))( partition p_before_1_jan_2007 values less than (to_date('01-01-2007','dd-mm-yyyy')));


New partition names are ugly…select partition_namefrom user_tab_partitions where table_name = 'DAILY_SALES'order by partition_position;

PARTITION_NAME

-----------------------------P_BEFORE_1_JAN_2007

SYS_P41 Added Partition


You can fix that though…alter table daily_sales rename partition sys_p41 to p_Jan_2007;

Migrate partitioned tables to interval partitioningalter table employee_compensationset interval (numtoyminterval(1,'MONTH'));


New syntax for addressing partition by values is a helpful:

select * from daily_sales partition for (to_date('31-dec-2007','dd-mon-yyyy'));

Recommend that developers migrate to this syntax and away from any direct mention of partition names.


Extended Composite Partitioning

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – Extended Composite

A whole host of new composite partition options are available in 11g

Composite range-range partitioningComposite list-range partitioningComposite list-hash partitioningComposite list-list partitioning


Reference Partitioning

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – Reference

Reference partitioning allows you to partition a child table based on the partition key of a given parent table.The net effect is that the child table is partitioned on the same key as the parent table, even if the child table does not have that key column in it!


Example: Parent table creationcreate table customer_orders( customer_id number, order_id number not null, order_date date not null, order_mode varchar2(8), order_status varchar2(1))partition by range (order_date) ( partition p_before_jan_2007 values less than(to_date('01-JAN-2007','dd-MON-yyyy')), partition p_2007_jan values less than(to_date('01-FEB-2007','dd-MON-yyyy'))) parallel;

alter table customer_orders add constraint customer_orders_pkprimary key (order_id);


Example: Child table creationcreate table customer_order_items( order_id number not null, product_id number not null, quantity number not null, sales_amount number not null, constraint customer_order_items_orders_fk foreign key (order_id) references customer_orders(order_id) )partition by reference (customer_order_items_orders_fk)parallel;

Note partition by reference statement

Note: No order_date column

BUT the FKWill be used to align

The partitions!Essentially the two tables will

be equipartitioned.


Does not supportInterval partitioningIndex-organized tablesExternal tablesA domain index storage table The reference primary key or unique constraint cannot point to a virtual column


System Partitioning

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – System

Provides the ability to create a single table that has many physical partitions.

No partition key is defined. You define a specific number of partitionsYou must define which partition the data goes in when doing an insert of data.Delete and update SQL does not require any special syntax.


ExampleCREATE TABLE TestTable (col1 integer, col2 integer) PARTITION BY SYSTEM( PARTITION s1 TABLESPACE tbs_s1, PARTITION s2 TABLESPACE tbs_s2, PARTITION s3 TABLESPACE tbs_s3, PARTITION s4 TABLESPACE tbs_s4);


Example InsertINSERT INTO TestTable PARTITION (s1) VALUES (4,5);

If you can, it’s also a good idea to put a partition specification in other statements to reduce partition searching. For example:update testable

partition (s1)

set col2 = 6 where col1 = 4;


Partitioning With Virtual Columns

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – Partition with Virtual Columns

You can use a virtual column as the partition key for a table.

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g11g Partitioning – Partition with Virtual ColumnsExample

Create table part_employee( emp_id number primary key, sal number not null, years_of_service number not null, curr_retirement as sal*.0005*years_of_service)) partition by range (curr_retirement) ( partition not_much values less than (100) , partition just_enough values less than (500) , partition oh_no_we_are_in_trouble values less than (maxvalue));


Oracle Database 11g Strategic Strategies

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g – Strategic Discussions

Is 11g ready for prime time?First release woes…At first glance, 11g seems to be a smaller release. Don’t be fooled. There are some significant features for both the developer and the DBA.

Example of the impacts of a new feature – SQL Plan Management

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gOracle Database 11g – Strategic DiscussionsMy recommendationsWait for the first patch set and begin testing.Use RAT to determine the impacts of 11g on your workload. RAT will also be handy to have when looking for 11g induced errors (ala ORA-0600’s).Move to 11g after successful regression testing.Be careful of the impacts of new features on how you do things.


I’m running 9i. Should I move to 10g or 11g?If you need the features of 10g now, I’d move to 10g.If you can wait, I’d prefer to move to 11g after the first patch set and full regression testing.

Your support will last longer.One move, rather than two. Less risk.More features, better performance.Watch out for licensing!


Reported bugs in 11gSome RAC Bugs - Node one on clustered database CPU high. Memory leaks.Some basic code bugs- Archive logs created in the wrong place.LOB corruption in IntermediaSeveral documentation bugs.Lots of 10gR2 bugs fixed in 11g.


And so….

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gWe have discussed a great many features present in 11g.There are an equally large number of features we did not cover, we simply did not have time (or I had to much time left over and we will talk about them!).

SQL Plan ManagementTransparent tablespace encryptionFlashback Data ArchivePrivate statistics

Oracle Database 11gOracle Database 11gMore 11g Features we did not cover, we simply did not have time.

Recovery of old statisticsDDL Lock Timeout

alter session set ddl_lock_timeout = 10;

Result CachePL/SQL New FeaturesAnd more…

Oracle Database 11g New Features New Features for the DBA Robert G. Freeman Collaborate 2008.

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