Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators

Volume I • Student Guide

D17079GC10

Edition 1.0

February 2004

D39099

®

Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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AuthorsRic Van DykeLex de Haan Christine Jeal Janet SternJean-Francois Verrier

Technical Contributors and Reviewers

Tammy BednarJoel GoodmanDaniela HansellMagnus IsakssonSushil KumarRuss LowenthalPaul Manning Jose Marco-DominguezMughees MinhasSrinivas PutrevuMark RamacherLeng Leng TanS. Matt TaylorSabine TeuberJenny TsaiAmir ValianiHarald van BreederodeJohn Watson

Publisher

Nita K. Brozowski

Introduction Overview I-2How DBAs Spend Their Time I-3Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals I-4Database Management Challenges I-5Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database I-6How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time I-7Today’s IT Infrastructure I-8Grid Computing I-9Oracle Database 10g: The Database for the Grid I-10Further Information I-11Suggested Schedule I-12Student Preface I-13

1 Installation Objectives 1-2Installation New Feature Support 1-3Performance Enhancements to Installation 1-4Checking the Pre-Install Requirements 1-5Miscellaneous Installation Enhancements 1-6CD Pack Contents 1-7Management Options 1-8File Storage Options 1-9Backup and Recovery Options 1-10File Storage Options 1-9Backup and Recovery Options 1-10Passwords 1-11Summary 1-12

2 Server Configuration Objectives 2-2Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Enhancements 2-3Using Database Control for Management 2-5SYSAUX and DBCA 2-6Using Enterprise Manager 2-7Database Cloning 2-8MetaLink Integration 2-9Database Feature Usage: Statistics Collection 2-10Database Feature Usage: EM Interface 2-11Database Feature Usage: HWM Page 2-12Policy Framework 2-13Policy Framework in EM 2-14Policy Violations Page 2-15Managing Policies 2-16Simplified Initialization Parameters 2-17Viewing Initialization Parameters 2-18Irreversible Data File Compatibility 2-19

Contents

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Response File Improvements 2-20Summary 2-21Practice 2 Overview 2-22

3 Load and Unload Data Objectives 3-2Cross-Platform Transportable Tablespaces 3-3Minimum Compatibility Level 3-4Transportable Tablespace Procedure 3-5Determining the Endian Format of a Platform 3-6Data File Conversion: Examples 3-7CLOB Exception 3-8Dynamic Performance View Changes 3-9Data Pump: Overview 3-10Data Pump: General Architecture 3-11Data Pump Export and Import: Overview 3-12Data Pump Export and Import: Benefits 3-13General Implementation: Overview 3-14Data Pump Direct Path Considerations 3-15Data Pump File Locations 3-16Data Pump File Naming and Size 3-17Data Pump Utility: Interfaces and Modes 3-18Data Pump and Filtering 3-19Data Pump Import Transformations 3-20Data Pump Job Monitoring Views 3-21Database Control and Data Pump 3-22Parallel Full Export and Import: Example 3-23Limited Schema Export: Example 3-24Network Mode Import: Example 3-25Attaching to Existing Job: Example 3-26Restarting Stopped Job: Example 3-27Data-Only Unload: Example 3-28External Table Population: Overview 3-29External Table Population Operation 3-30External Table Parallel Populate Operation 3-31External Table Population: Example 3-32External Table Projected Columns 3-33External Table Projected Column: Examples 3-34Summary 3-35Practice 3 Overview 3-36

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4 Automatic Management Objectives 4-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 4-3Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor: Overview 4-4ADDM Performance Monitoring 4-5ADDM Methodology 4-6Top Performance Issues Detected 4-7Database Control and ADDM Findings 4-8ADDM Analysis Results 4-9ADDM Recommendations 4-10Database Control and ADDM Task 4-11Changing ADDM Attributes 4-12Retrieving ADDM Reports Using SQL 4-13Automatic Shared Memory Management: Overview 4-14SGA Tuning Principles 4-15Benefits of Automatic Shared Memory Management 4-16Database Control and Automatic Shared Memory Management 4-17Manual Configuration 4-18Behavior of Auto-Tuned SGA Parameters 4-19Behavior of Manually Tuned SGA Parameters 4-20Using the V$PARAMETER View 4-21Resizing SGA_TARGET 4-22Disable Automatic Shared Memory Management 4-23Manually Resizing Dynamic SGA Parameters 4-24Automatic Optimizer Statistics Collection: Overview 4-25GATHER_STATS_JOB 4-26Changing the GATHER_STATS_JOB Schedule 4-27Locking Statistics 4-28Using the DBMS_STATS Package 4-29Automatic Statistics Collection: Considerations 4-30History of Optimizer Statistics 4-31Managing Historical Optimizer Statistics 4-32Automatic Undo Retention Tuning 4-33Automatic Checkpoint Tuning 4-34Summary 4-35Practice 4 Overview 4-36

5 Manageability Infrastructure Objectives 5-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 5-3Automatic Workload Repository 5-4Automatic Workload Repository: Overview 5-5Automatic Workload Repository Data 5-6Active Session History 5-7Base Statistics and Metrics 5-8

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Workload Repository 5-9Statistic Levels 5-10AWR Snapshot Baselines 5-11AWR Snapshot Purging Policy 5-12Database Control and AWR 5-13AWR Reports 5-14Statspack and AWR 5-15Server-Generated Alerts 5-16Server-Generated Alerts: Overview 5-17Alert Models Architecture 5-18Server-Generated Alert Types 5-19Out-of-Box Server-Generated Alerts 5-20Database Control Usage Model 5-21Database Control Interface to Alerts 5-22Setting Alert Thresholds 5-23Alerts Notification 5-24Metric Details Severity History 5-25Metric and Alert Views 5-26PL/SQL Interface for Threshold Settings 5-27Alert Consumption: Manual Configuration 5-28Automatic Routine Administration Tasks 5-29Job Scheduler Concepts 5-30DBCA and Automated Tasks 5-31Adding New Tasks Using EM 5-32Adding a New Task Using PL/SQL 5-33Common Manageability Infrastructure: Advisory Framework 5-34Advisory Framework: Overview 5-35Typical Advisor Tuning Session 5-36Database Control and Advisors 5-37DBMS_ADVISOR Package 5-38Dictionary Changes 5-39Using PL/SQL: Example 5-40Summary 5-41Practice 5 Overview 5-42

6 Application TuningObjectives 6-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 6-3Automatic Statistics Gathering 6-4Enhanced Query Optimization 6-5Statistics on Dictionary Objects 6-6Dictionary Statistics: Best Practices 6-7Miscellaneous Statistics-Related Changes 6-8DML Table Monitoring Changes 6-9

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Rule-Based Optimizer Obsolescence 6-10Automatic SQL Tuning: Overview 6-11Application Tuning Challenges 6-12SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview 6-13Stale or Missing Object Statistics 6-14SQL Statement Profiling 6-15Plan Tuning Flow and SQL Profile Creation 6-16SQL Tuning Loop 6-17Access Path Analysis 6-18SQL Structure Analysis 6-19SQL Tuning Advisor: Usage Model 6-20Database Control and SQL Tuning Advisor 6-21SQL Tuning Advisor: Options and Recommendations 6-22DBMS_SQLTUNE Package 6-23DBMS_SQLTUNE: Examples 6-24Automatic SQL Tuning Categories 6-25SQL Access Advisor: Overview 6-26SQL Access Advisor: Usage Model 6-27Possible Recommendations 6-28Typical SQL Access Advisor Session 6-29Recommendation Options 6-30Review Recommendations 6-31SQL Access Advisor: Procedure Flow 6-32Performance Monitoring Solutions 6-33Performance Management Approach 6-34Database Home Page 6-35Database Performance Page 6-36Concurrency Wait Class: Drill Down 6-37Top SQL by Waits: Drill Down 6-38Summary 6-39Practice 6: Overview 6-40

7 Support for Analytical ApplicationsObjectives 7-2MERGE Command Enhancements 7-3Conditional UPDATE and INSERT Statements 7-4Optional DELETE Clause 7-5Partitioned Outer Join: Introduction 7-6Partitioned Outer Join Syntax 7-8Time Series Calculations on Densified Data 7-9Time Series Calculations: Results 7-10

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Integrating Interrow Calculations in SQL 7-11Partitions, Measures, and Dimensions 7-12Interrow Calculations: Conceptual Overview 7-13SQL MODEL: Example 7-16Materialized Join View (MJV) Enhancements 7-18REWRITE_OR_ERROR Hint 7-19REWRITE_TABLE: New Columns 7-20Partition Maintenance Operations (PMOPs) 7-21MV Execution Plans 7-22Tuning Manually Created MVs 7-23Making MVs Fast-Refreshable 7-24MV Decomposition Example 7-25TUNE_MVIEW Usage: Example 7-27MV Refresh Using Trusted Constraints 7-29Partition Change Tracking (PCT) 7-30PCT Using List Partitioning 7-31PCT Using Join Dependency 7-32PCT Using TRUNCATE PARTITION 7-33Forcing PCT-Based Refresh 7-34Summary 7-35Practice 7 Overview 7-36

8 System Resource ManagementObjectives 8-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 8-3Database Resource Manager 8-4Setting Idle Timeouts 8-5Switching Back to the Initial Consumer Group at End of Call 8-6Creating a Mapping Using Database Control 8-7Creating a Mapping Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 8-8Assigning Priorities Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 8-9Changes to DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER Package 8-11Using the RATIO Allocation Method 8-12Monitoring the Resource Manager 8-13Summary 8-14

9 Automating Tasks with the SchedulerObjectives 9-2Scheduling Needs 9-3Scheduler Concepts 9-4Privileges for Scheduler Components 9-6Creating a Scheduler Job 9-8Creating a Scheduler Job: Example 9-9

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Setting the Repeat Interval for a Job 9-10Calendaring Expressions 9-11Using Scheduler Programs 9-12Creating a Program Using EM 9-13Specifying Schedules for a Job 9-14Creating and Using Schedules 9-15Using EM to Create Schedules: Schedule 9-16Advanced Scheduler Concepts 9-17Creating a Job Class 9-18Creating a Job Class Using Enterprise Manager 9-19Job Logging 9-20Creating a Window 9-21Prioritizing Jobs Within a Window 9-23Enabling and Disabling Scheduler Components 9-25Managing Jobs 9-26Managing Programs 9-27Managing Programs with EM 9-28Managing Schedules 9-29Managing Windows 9-30Window Priority 9-32Managing Attributes of Scheduler Components 9-33Managing Attributes of the Scheduler 9-35Viewing Job Execution Details 9-36Viewing Job Logs 9-37Purging Job Logs 9-38Data Dictionary Views 9-40Summary 9-41Practice 9: Overview 9-42

10 Space ManagementObjectives 10-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 10-3Proactive Tablespace Monitoring Overview 10-4Tablespace Space Usage Monitoring 10-5Edit Tablespace Space Usage Thresholds 10-6Edit Tablespace Page 10-7PL/SQL and Tablespace Space Usage Thresholds 10-8Proactive Undo Tablespace Monitoring 10-10Shrinking Segments: Overview 10-11Shrinking Segments: Considerations 10-12Shrinking Segments Using SQL 10-13Segment Shrink: Basic Execution 10-14Segment Shrink: Execution Considerations 10-15

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Database Control and Segment Shrink 10-16Segment Advisor: Overview 10-17Segment Advisor 10-18Growth Trend Report 10-19Segment Resource Estimation 10-20Undo Management Page 10-21Undo Advisor Page 10-22Fast Ramp-Up 10-23Sorted Hash Cluster: Overview 10-24Sorted Hash Cluster: Example 10-25Sorted Hash Cluster: Basic Architecture 10-26Sorted Hash Cluster: Considerations 10-27Summary 10-28Practice 10: Overview 10-29

11 Improved VLDB SupportObjectives 11-2Bigfile Tablespaces: Overview 11-3Bigfile Tablespace Benefits 11-4Bigfile Tablespace Usage Model 11-5Creating Bigfile Tablespaces 11-6SQL Statement Changes and Additions 11-7BFTs and SQL Statements: Examples 11-8Data Dictionary Changes and Additions 11-9Bigfile Tablespaces and DBVERIFY 11-10Configuration Parameters and BFTs 11-11DBMS_UTILITY Package and BFTs 11-12Migration and Bigfile Tablespaces 11-13Extended ROWID Format and BFTs 11-14DBMS_ROWID Package Changes 11-15Temporary Tablespace Group: Overview 11-16Temporary Tablespace Group: Benefits 11-17Creating Temporary Tablespace Groups 11-18Maintaining Temporary Tablespace Groups 11-19Temporary Tablespace Group SQL: Examples 11-20Data Dictionary Changes 11-22Database Control: Creating a Partition 11-23Database Control: Partition Maintenance 11-24Partitioned IOT Enhancements 11-25Local Partitioned Index Enhancements 11-26Skipping Unusable Indexes 11-27Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes: Overview 11-28Contention Scenario 11-29Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes: Benefits 11-30Creating Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes 11-31Adding and Coalescing Partitions 11-32

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Range and Hash Global Index Commands 11-33Operations Not Supported 11-34Usage Example 11-35Bitmap Index Storage Enhancements 11-36Summary 11-37Practice 11: Overview 11-38

12 Backup and Recovery EnhancementsObjectives 12-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 12-3New Backup and Recovery Strategy 12-4Flash Backup and Recovery 12-5Defining Flash Recovery Area Using Database Control 12-6Defining a Flash Recovery Area Using SQL 12-7Flash Recovery Area Space Management 12-8Backing Up Data Files to a Flash Recovery Area 12-9Modifying the Flash Recovery Area 12-10Backing Up the Flash Recovery Area 12-11New Flash Recovery Area View 12-12New Flash Recovery Area Columns 12-13Best Practices for the Database and Flash Recovery Area 12-14Changes in SQL Statement Behavior 12-15Recovering with Incrementally Updated Backups 12-17Fast Incremental Backup 12-18Enabling Fast Incremental Backup Using Database Control 12-19Enabling Fast Incremental Backup Using SQL 12-20Monitoring Block Change Tracking 12-21Oracle-Suggested Strategy 12-22RMAN Command Changes 12-23Backup Type Enhancements Using Database Control 12-24Backup Maintenance 12-25Backing Up the Entire Database 12-26Backing Up Individual Tablespaces 12-27Backing Up Data Files and Control Files 12-28Implementing Fast Recovery 12-29Automated Instance Creation and TSPITR 12-30Auxiliary Location in EM 12-31Creating Compressed Backups 12-32Monitoring Compressed Backups 12-33Simplified Recovery Through RESETLOGS 12-34Recovery Through RESETLOGS: Changes 12-35Recovering Data Files Not Backed Up 12-36Dropping a Database 12-37Automatic Channel Failover 12-38

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Enhanced RMAN Scripts 12-39Setting Duration and Throttling Option 12-40Placing All Files in Online Backup Mode 12-41How Does File Status Affect BEGIN BACKUP? 12-42Changes to the END BACKUP Command 12-44How Does File Status Affect END BACKUP? 12-45Summary 12-46Practice 12 Overview 12-47

13 Flashback Any ErrorObjectives 13-2Flashback Time Navigation 13-3Flashback Error Correction 13-4Flashback Database: Overview 13-5Flashback Database Eliminates Restore Time 13-6Flashback Database Architecture 13-7Configuring Flashback Database Using EM 13-8Flashback Your Database Using EM 13-9Manually Configuring Flashback Database 13-10Flashback Database: Examples 13-11Monitoring Flashback Database 13-12Excluding Tablespaces from Flashback Database 13-13Flashback Database Considerations 13-14Flashback Drop: Overview 13-15Recycle Bin 13-16Flash Back Dropped Tables Using EM 13-17Querying the Recycle Bin 13-18Restoring Tables from the Recycle Bin 13-19Recycle Bin Automatic Space Reclamation 13-20Recycle Bin Manual Space Reclamation 13-21Bypassing the Recycle Bin 13-22Querying Dropped Tables 13-23Flashback Drop Considerations 13-24Flashback Versions Query: Overview 13-25Flashback Versions Query Using EM 13-26Flashback Versions Query Syntax 13-27Flashback Versions Query: Example 13-28Flashback Versions Query: Considerations 13-29Flashback Transaction Query: Overview 13-30Flashback Transaction Query Using EM 13-31Querying FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY 13-32Using Flashback Versions Query and Flashback Transaction Query 13-33Flashback Transaction Query: Considerations 13-34Flashback Table: Overview 13-35Using EM to Flash Back Tables 13-36

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Flashback Table: Example 13-37Rolling Back a Flashback Table Operation 13-38Flashback Table: Considerations 13-39Guaranteed Undo Retention 13-40SCN and Time Mapping Enhancements 13-41Granting Flashback Privileges 13-42When to Use Flashback Technology 13-43Flashback Technology: Benefits 13-44Summary 13-45Practice 13: Overview 13-46

14 General Storage EnhancementsObjectives 14-2Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 14-3SYSAUX Tablespace: Overview 14-4SYSAUX Tablespace: Benefits 14-5SYSAUX Occupants 14-6SYSAUX and DBCA 14-7CREATE DATABASE 14-8ALTER TABLESPACE SYSAUX 14-9SYSAUX Tablespace: General Usage 14-10SYSAUX Occupants: Visualization 14-11SYSAUX Occupants: Relocation 14-12SYSAUX Occupants: Relocation Using SQL 14-13Tablespace Rename: Overview 14-14Tablespace Rename: Usage Example 14-15Tablespace Rename: Considerations 14-16Tablespace Rename: Best Practices 14-17Default Permanent Tablespace: Overview 14-18Designating a Default Permanent Tablespace 14-19Default Permanent Tablespace: SQL Examples 14-20Copying Files Using the Database Server 14-21Local Copy: Example 14-22Transferring Files: Example 14-23Copying Files: Considerations 14-24Redo Logfile Size Advisor 14-25Redo Logfile Size Advisor 14-26Summary 14-27Practice 14: Overview 14-28

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15 Automatic Storage Management (ASM)Objectives 15-2What Is Automatic Storage Management? 15-3ASM: Key Features and Benefits 15-4ASM: New Concepts 15-5ASM: General Architecture 15-6ASM Administration 15-8ASM Instance Functionalities 15-9ASM Instance Creation 15-10ASM Instance Initialization Parameters 15-11Accessing an ASM Instance 15-12Dynamic Performance View Additions 15-13ASM Home Page 15-14ASM Performance Page 15-15Starting Up an ASM Instance 15-17Shutting Down an ASM Instance 15-18ASM Administration 15-19ASM Disk Group 15-20Failure Group 15-21Disk Group Mirroring 15-22Disk Group Dynamic Rebalancing 15-23ASM Administration Page 15-24Create DiskGroup Page 15-25Create or Delete Disk Groups 15-26Adding Disks to Disk Groups 15-27Miscellaneous Alter Commands 15-28Monitoring Long-Running Operations Using V$ASM_OPERATION 15-30ASM Administration 15-31ASM Files 15-32ASM File Names 15-33ASM File Name Syntax 15-34ASM File Name Mapping 15-36ASM File Templates 15-37Template and Alias Examples 15-38Retrieving Aliases 15-39SQL Commands and File Naming 15-40DBCA and Storage Options 15-41Database Instance Parameter Changes 15-42Migrate Your Database to ASM 15-43Summary 15-44Practice 15 Overview 15-45

16 Maintaining SoftwareObjectives 16-2Oracle Database 10g Upgrade Paths 16-3

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Choose an Upgrade Method 16-4DBUA Advantages 16-5Manual Upgrade: Advantages and Disadvantages 16-6New Pre-Upgrade Information Utility 16-7Oracle Database 10g: Simplified Upgrade 16-8New Post-Upgrade Status Utility 16-9Properly Prepared Upgrade 16-10Creating SYSAUX Tablespace 16-11Recompiling Invalid Objects 16-12Backing Up the Database Before Upgrade 16-13Selecting Database Control 16-14Specifying a Flash Recovery Area 16-15Selecting Passwords 16-16Upgrade Summary 16-17Upgrade Results 16-18Performing the Manual Upgrade 16-19Summary 16-22

17 SecurityObjectives 17-2Virtual Private Database: Overview 17-3Virtual Private Database: Enhancements 17-4Column-Level VPD: Example 17-5Creating a Column-Level Policy 17-6Policy Types: Overview 17-7Static Policies 17-8Context-Sensitive Policies 17-9Sharing Policy Functions 17-10Auditing Mechanisms: Overview 17-11Uniform Audit Trails 17-12Enhanced Enterprise User Auditing 17-13Fine-Grained Auditing Enhancements 17-14Fine-Grained Auditing Policy: Example 17-15Audited DML Statement Considerations 17-16Summary 17-17Practice 17: Overview 17-18

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18 Miscellaneous New FeaturesObjectives 18-2Transaction Monitoring 18-3Dynamic Performance View Changes 18-4V$FAST_START_TRANSACTIONS view 18-5Session-Based Tracing 18-6End-to-End Tracing 18-7New Statistic Aggregation Dimensions 18-8Using Enterprise Manager to Enable Statistics Aggregation 18-9Using DBMS_MONITOR to Enable Statistics Aggregation 18-10Generalized Trace Enabling 18-11Using Enterprise Manager to Enable and View SQL Tracing 18-12Enabling and Disabling Tracing 18-13Configurationless Client Connect 18-14Simplified Shared Server Configuration 18-16Viewing the Dispatcher Configuration 18-18Resumable Space Allocation Enhancements 18-19Flushing the Buffer Cache 18-20MAXTRANS and Maximum Concurrency 18-21Large Object (LOB) Data Type Changes 18-22Implicit Conversion Between CLOB and NCLOB 18-23Regular Expression Support 18-24Matching Mechanism 18-25Syntax: Example 18-26Using REGEXP_LIKE in SQL 18-27Case- and Accent-Insensitive Query and Sort 18-28Changes in Configuration Parameters 18-29Support in SQL and Functions 18-30Quote Operator q 18-31UTL_MAIL Package 18-32UTL_MAIL Examples 18-33UTL_COMPRESS Package 18-34LogMiner Enhancements 18-35Summary 18-36Practice 18 Overview 18-37

A Practices

B Solutions

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