PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

JAN 2002 1. (a) What do you mean by Computer Graphics? State its classification(s) and outline

the differences among these along with their application areas. 5 (b) Give the advantages and disadvantages of hard copy displays, DVST displays, vector refresh displays

and raster displays. Suggest an application area for which each class of device is best suited. 7 (c) What do you understand by Persistence? Ideally, most American CRT designers would like to use a

phosphor with a persistence of exactly 1/30s. Why? 3

2. (a) Differentiate the steps required to scan-convert a circle using the trigonometric and Bresenham’s

algorithms. 5

(b) Perform a 450 rotation of triangle A (0,0), B(1,1), C (5,2) : 5 a. About the origi. b. About P (-1, -1)

(c) Why is the electron beam allowed to overscan? Also discuss about the technique which involves splitting a raster-scan pattern into separate patterns. 5

3. (a) Differentiate Pointing and Positioning. Explain the essence of each. How do Rubber-Band Techniques are helpful in graphics? What are various positioning

techniques? Explain. 6 (b) What do you mean by positioning constraints? State its various types and explain the utility of each in

graphical applications. 4 (c) Differentiate the working principles of LCD and Plasma Panel Displays. 5

4. (a) Find the normalization transformation that maps a window whose lower left corner is at (1,1) and upper right corner is at (3,5) onto: 9

(i) A viewport that is the entire normalized device screen (ii) A viewport that has lower left corner at (0,0) and upper right corner (1/2, 1/2)

(b) What is Depth Buffer Algorithm? How does it differ from Scan-Line Coherence Algorithm? Illustrate both by giving suitable examples. 6

5. (a) What does GKS stands for? Why was GKS developed? What does the GKS

standard represent? Also outline about the four basic GKS output primitives. 5

(b) What is Hidden-Surface Removal? Differentiate the two major approaches of hidden-surface removal. 5

(c) What do you understand by Composite Transformation? Illustrate the concept by taking a suitable example of your choice. 5

6. (a) What two steps are required to determine whether any given point P1(x1,y1,z1) obscures another point P2(x2,y2,z2)? 6

(b) Differentiate between the following: 9 (i) Inking and Painting. (ii) Exterior and Interior Clipping. (iii) Window and Viewport.

7. (a) What is flickering? What causes it and how the same can be minimized? Explain. 3

(b) What is Scan-Conversion? What steps are required to plot a line whose slope is between 0 and 450 using Bresenham’s method? Indicate which raster locations would be chosen by Bresenham’s algorithm when scan-converting a line from screen coordinate (2, 3) to screen coordinate (10,9). 7

(c) What are Raster-Scan Graphic Systems? How does Raster-Display Processor play an important role in its functioning? Explain. 5

8. (a) Explain the following: 5 each

(i) Bezier’s Curves and Surfaces (ii) Sutherland-Cohen Clipping Algorithm. (iii) Woreframe Models

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

JAN 2003 1. (a) Explain the working of Interactive Computer Graphics System with block diagram. 7

(b) Describe about the flat-panel display and its advantages and disadvantages over CRT displays. 8

2. (a) Explain the principle of Bresnechem’s method. What steps are required to scan a line having slope in between 45 and 90 ? Explain why this method is more efficient as compared to other methods. 10 o o

(b) With the help of an example s how that 2-D scales and rotations do not commute in general. 5

3. (a) Describe Sutherland-Hodgeman Polygon clipping. Explain with one example. 10

(b) What is meant by distortion? How can distortion be removed in viewing transformation? 5

4. (a) What is Hidden-Surface Removal? Differentiate the two major approaches of hidden-surface removal. Explain Painter's algorithm for same. 10

(b) What is Wire-frame model? Explain its usefulness. Also enumerate the benefits and disadvantages of such a model. 5

5. (a) Differentiate between 'Pointing' and 'Posting'. Explain the essence of each. How are Rubber-band techniques helpful in computer graphics? What are various posting techniques? Explain. 6

(b) Write short notes on the following input devices:

(i) Light pen

(ii) Tablet

(iii) Voice Input. 9

6. (a) Find the perspective projection transformation matrix on the view plane z = d where the centre of projection is the origin. 10

(b) What are the advantages of using homogenous co-ordinate system- in computer graphics ? 5

7. (a) Discuss about GISS_primitives and their attributes. 5

(b) Explain the methods for constructing Bezier curves with properties. Also form of Bezier blending function for n = 3, k = 0, 1,2,3. 10

8. (a) Write short notes on : 5x2=10

(i) Digitizers

(ii) Shearing

(iii) RGB Color Model

(iv) Interlacing

(v) Direct Lookup Table.

(b) What are the applications of realism? What are the various techniques to achieve realism? 6

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

July 2003

1. (a) Describe Bresenhem's method for circle drawing algorithm. Explain why this algorithm is more efficient as compared to other circle drawing algorithms. 8

(b) Find the raster positions when we plot a line joining P1(l0, 20) and P2 (18,25) using Bresenhem's method. 7

2. (a) With the help of an example show that 2-D scales and rotations do not commutative in general. 5

(b) Why Mid point subdivision algorithm is preferred over Cohen-Sutherland algorithm for line clipping? Write mid point subdivision algorithm for line clipping. 10

3. (a) Explain the working of the following interactive devices: 2 each

(i) Light pen

(ii) Tablet

(iii) Joysticks

(iv) Touch Panels

(b) A laser printer may print 4 pages of size 10.5" x 12.5’’ each sec. with a resolution of 400 pixels per inch. Find the number of bits per second does such a device required 7

4. (a) What are the importance of hidden surface elimination? Explain depth-buffer algorithm. 10

(b) What is difference between wire-frame model and solid model? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of one over the other. 5

5. (a) Explain the various techniques to construct color CRT. Also point out which one is best and explain why? 9

(b) Discuss about GKS primitives and their attributes. 6

6. (a) What do you mean by projection? Find the perspective projection transformation matrix on the view plan z = d where the centre of projection is the origin. 10

(b) What do you understand by principal vanishing points ? What are the principal vanishing points for the standard perspective transformation ? 5

7. (a) Explain the method for constructing Beizer curves the properties. Also form of Beizer blending functions for n=3,k=0,1,2,3. 9

(b) Explain in detail the Beizer surfaces and spline functions. 6

8. (a) What are memory-tube displays? How do they differ from LCD displays? Also describe advantages and disadvantages of each. 10

(b) What do you mean by aspect ratio? What is its importance in computer graphics? Explain briefly.

Jan 2004

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

T me : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

i

1. Discuss the following display devices used in computer graphics:

(i) Random Scan and Raster Scan monitor (ii) Color CRT monitor (iii) Hard Copy devices (iv) LED and monitors.

2. (a) Using the Bresenham’s line algorithm, find out the intermediate screen co-ordinates of a

whose end coordinates are (3,5) and (10, 16).

(b) Derive the steps for the Bresenham’s line algorithm based on the position of the nearest from the true position of the line.

3. Discuss the various graphical input devices. Also discuss the advantages and disadvantages

of each. 4. Write short notes on the following:

(a) 2-buffer algorithm for the hidden surface removal (b) Fractal curves and surfaces (c) Anomalies of perspective projections (d) Applications pf Computer graphics.

5. (a) Define the terms windows, view port, clipping and viewing transformation for

rectangular shapes. (b) Discuss the line-clipping algorithm proposed by Cohen Sutherland. 6. (a) What is a three dimensional display? Discuss the following techniques for 3D- display

with suitable sketches: (b) Explain the pointer’s subdivision method for hidden surface removal. 7. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Composite 2D graphics transformations (b) GKS-primitive and attributes. (c) Basic Positioning methods.

8. Write short notes on any three of the following:

(a) Advantages of Interactive Graphics. (b) Mid point subdivision method for clipping. (c) Rubber Bond methods for interactive graphics (d) Aspect- Ratio and its importance in Computer Graphics (e) Computer Animation.

July 2004

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1.(a) What is Computer Graphics? What are the advantages of interactive computer graphics?

(b) A high speed laser printer may print two 8.5 X 11 inch pages each second at a resolution of 800 pixels per inch. How many bits per second does such a device refuse?

2. (a) Describe about the panel display and its advantages and disadvantages over CRT display.

(b) Define the term Aspect Ratio. What are the importances of aspect ratio in computer graphics? (c) What are the advantages of using homogeneous co-ordination system in computer graphics?

3. (a) What steps are required in scan a circle using Bresenhem’s Method? Explain why this

method in more efficient as compared to other method to scan a circle?

(b) Shear aunt square whose opposite vertices are 90, 0) and (1, 1) by 2 unit along x-axis and 3 unit along y-axis.

5. (a) Differentiate ‘Pointing’ and ‘positioning’. How do Rubber band techniques are helpful in

graphics? What are the various positioning constraints? (b) Explain the working of the following devices:

(i) Light Pens (ii) Tallel (iii) Mouse

6. (a) Explain Cohen- Sutherland algorithm for line segment clipping and hence compare it with

mid-point sub-division algorithm. (b) What is relationship between ⎜RØ, RØ,-R Ø, 1 RØ, Illustrate with suitable examples 7. (a) What is the importance of removal of ‘Hidden Surface’? Describe Z-buffer algorithm for it. (b) What do you understand by projection? What are the various projection anomalies? 8 (a)Write short notes on the following:

(i) GKS (ii) Wire frame Model (iii) DVST

(b) Compare the following:

(i) Windows and View port (ii) Clipping and Shielding (iii)Exterior and Interior Clipping.

Jan 2005

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Compare passive graphics and interactive graphics. What are the advantages of interactive graphics? Explain in detail (b) Differentiate the working principle of LCD and Plasma Panel Displays. 2. (a) Explain the principle of Bresenham’s method to scan a circle. What steps are required to scan a circle with this method? Explain why this method is more efficient as compared to other methods. ( b) With the help of an example show that 2-D scales and rotation do not communication in general. 3. (a) Obtain the reflection of the triangle formed by vertices A(1, 1), B (1, 4) and C (10, 5) about the line passes through (1, 3) and (-1, 1). (b) What is relationship between Ssx, sy , Ssx, sy , Ssx1, sy , Spx ,py?

(a) Prove that

R (theta 1). R (theta 2) = R (theta 1 + theta 2) where R (theta 1), R (theta 2), R(theta 1+ theta 2)

are rotational transformation matrices. 4. (a) How do you Rubber band techniques are helpful in graphics? (b) What do you mean by positioning constraints? State its various types and explain the utilities of each. 5. (a) What do you under stand by principle vanishing points for standard perspective projection?

(b) What is difference between Realistic image and 3-D Model? What are the methods to achieve realistic image?

6. (a) Draw general parallel projection transformation matrix for which direction vector

V= xp i^ + yp j^ k and view plane is xy- plane. (b) What is Hidden Surface Removal? Write Depth buffer algorit5ham for the same. 7. (a) Explain the method for constructing Bezier curves with properties. Also from of Bezier bending function for n = 3, k = 0, 1, 2, 3. (b)Explain in detail the Bezier Surfaces. 8. (a) Write 2-D Cohen- Sutherland algorithm for line segment clipping and hence find point(s) of intersection(s) in case of clipping candidate. (b) What are the desirable properties of good line drawing algorithm? Jan 2007

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS @ KENT

MCA/MSc/A.P.G.D.C.A.

Fourth Semester

Computer Graphics

Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

Q1- (a) What is computer graphics ? How does a computer graphics works? Discuss the importance of

computer graphics in today world (b) For a medium resolution display of 640 pixels by 480 lines refreshing 60 times per second , the

video controller fetches 16 bits in one memory cycle. RAM memory chips have cycle times around 200ns. How many memory cycles will be needed for displaying 16 one bit pixels?

Q2- (a) What is refresh rate? Explain the concept of refresh rate in raster display and vector device. (b) Compare Shadow mask and beam penetration techniques for constructions of colored monitors. Q3- (a) It is desired to draw a line starting at a (3,6) and ending at B96,2) on a graphics monitor .Use

generalized Bresenham’s algorithm to determine the pixels that would be put ON.

(b)What are the major adverse effects of scan conversion? What methods are adopted to remove those effects.

Q4- (a) Use Mid-point method and symmetrical consideration to draw ellipse.

(b) A mirror is vertically placed such that it passes through(20,0) and (0,20).Find the reflected view of a triangle with vertices (30,40),(50,50), and (40,70) in this mirror.

Q5. (a) Write 2-D Cohen-Sutherland algorithm for line segment clipping and hence find point(s) of intersection(s) in case of clipping candidate. Compare efficiency of clipping obtained using Mid-Point subdivision and Sutherland, Cohen method. (b) Differentiate between Positioning and Pointing Techniques. What are the various Positioning constraints? Explain briefly. 6. (a) Find a normalization transformation from the window whose lower left corner is at (0,0) and upper right corner is at (8,8) on the normalized device screen so that aspect ratio is preserved . Assumed that x extent is from 0 to 1 for the view port. (b) Explain Window, View port, Clipping, and Scissoring with the help of diagram. 7. (a) Describe Z-buffer methodology for the removal of hidden lines/surfaces. (b) What does the GKS standard represent? Explain the four GKS primitives. 8. (a) What are the major differences between Bezier curve and a B-Spline curve?

(b) Write short notes on: (1) Display Processor (2) Flat Panel Display Devices (3) Digitizing Tablet (4) Light Pen (5) Rubber band technique.

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