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Transcript of Options for sustainable construction. This module will describe the generic benefits of solid timber...
Solid Timber Construction
Options for sustainable construction
This module will describe the generic benefits of solid timber construction. The advantages of these construction styles when seeking a sustainable solution.We will also look at the particular advantages of each style to individual projects.
Overview
Brettstaple
Types of Solid Timber Construction
Brettstaple
Interlocking Log / Machine Profile Log
Types of Solid Timber Construction
Brettstaple
Interlocking Log / Machine Profile Log
Cross Laminated Timber
Types of Solid Timber Construction
Brettstaple
Interlocking Log / Machine Profile Log
Cross Laminated Timber
Each system has its own particular advantages which make it more suited to an individual project. This module is intended to provide the generic benefits of solid timber construction.
Types of Solid Timber Construction
Sometimes known as Dowelam. Brettstaple Construction consists of creating a solid wood panel by layering sections of timber and connecting by use of a hardwood dowel (or alternative) to create a locked solid timber section. These sections are fixed together on site to create a structural shell.
Brettstapel
Interlocking Log buildings are created by layering logs on site and fixing with a combination of dowels and threaded bar. These logs are locked together on site to create the structural shell. Interlocking logs can be supplied in a variety of profiles, the most popular being Machine Profiled Logs (MPL). This is the system we will refer to for the purpose of this module.
Interlocking / Machine Profile Log
Example wall section for MPL Building
Cross-laminated boards are glued together and used to build walls and joists. Panels are machined in a factory to fine tolerances by computer controlled equipment. The panels arrive on site with apertures for doors and windows, and wiring and plumbing channels already prepared.
CLT – Cross Laminated Timber
Cross Laminated Timber, Brettstaple and Machine Profile Log are all types of solid timber construction.
True or False
Question
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Try again
False?
Well Done!
Cross Laminated Timber, Brettstaple and Machine Profile Log are all types of solid timber construction.
True
Sustainability of materials
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades”
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades” Quality of internal finish
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades” Quality of internal finish Improvement of internal air quality
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades” Quality of internal finish Improvement of internal air quality Energy Efficiency
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades” Quality of internal finish Improvement of internal air quality Energy Efficiency Designing for De-Construction
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Solid Timber Construction can provide a rapid, sustainable and safe construction process and result in a high quality, low maintenance, energy efficient building.
True or False
Question
Are you sure? Would you like to try again?
Try again
False?
Well Done!
Timber can be 100% reused or recycled.
True
Established Independent protocols for verification of material and supply chain sustainability through FSC® or PEFC® certification.
Sustainable Materials
Established Independent protocols for verification of material and supply chain sustainability through FSC® or PEFC® certification.
Continuous forest renewal improves global air quality as a result of Carbon Sequestration
Sustainable Materials
Established Independent protocols for verification of material and supply chain sustainability through FSC® or PEFC® certification.
Continuous forest renewal improves global air quality as a result of Carbon Sequestration
Suitability of timber for recycling/re-use means that there is no waste to landfill
Sustainable Materials
When using Timber as a construction material it reduces site waste. This is because it can be re-used and re-cycled and does not need to go to landfil.
True or False?
Question
Are you sure? Would you like to try again?
Try again
False?
Well Done!
Timber can be 100% reused or recycled.
True
Solid timber construction involves tightly fixed timbers which minimise infiltration routes
Air Tightness
Solid timber construction involves tightly fixed timbers which minimise infiltration routes
Timber buildings with timber on interior and exterior can reduce infiltration further
Air Tightness
Solid timber construction involves tightly fixed timbers which minimise infiltration routes
Timber buildings with timber on interior and exterior can reduce infiltration further
MPL with appropriate breather membranes can achieve <1m3/hr at 50Pa
Air Tightness
Solid timber construction involves tightly fixed timbers which minimise infiltration routes
Timber buildings with timber on interior and exterior can reduce infiltration further
MPL with appropriate breather membranes can achieve <1m3/hr at 50Pa
MPL buildings can achieve “Carbon Positive” with air tightness at <3m3/hr at 50Pa & a solar array.
Air Tightness
Image Courtesy of Cabinco
Solid timber construction – including MPL can achieve air tightness of <1m3/hr at 50Pa
True or False
Question
Are you sure? Would you like to try again?
Try again
False?
Well Done – Solid Timber construction, including MPL can achieve air tightness of <1m3/hr at 50Pa
True!
Solid timber panels or logs are precision engineered off-site and pieced together to create a rapid construction process
Speed of Construction
Solid timber panels or logs are precision engineered off-site and pieced together to create a rapid construction process
Labour costs are reduced
Speed of Construction
Solid timber panels or logs are precision engineered off-site and pieced together to create a rapid construction process
Labour costs are reduced No Drying/Curing times waiting for
concrete/cement/plaster or paint
Speed of Construction
Solid timber panels or logs are precision engineered off-site and pieced together to create a rapid construction process
Labour costs are reduced No Drying/Curing times waiting for
concrete/cement/plaster or paint Inconvenience to neighbours reduced as a
result
Speed of Construction
Just 17 days into construction of this 120sqm mpl nursery, the building is watertight and weatherproof with all first fixes complete.
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Low Site Waste
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal
Low Site Waste
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal Reduced traffic to/from site
Low Site Waste
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal Reduced traffic to/from site No “wet trades” reduces COSHH waste
Low Site Waste
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal Reduced traffic to/from site No “wet trades” reduces COSHH waste Neater, tidier and more environmentally
friendly sites
Low Site Waste
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal Reduced traffic to/from site No “wet trades” reduces COSHH waste Neater, tidier and more environmentally friendly
sites MPL have recorded as little as 0.3 tonnes to
landfill per 100m2 of new build.
Low Site Waste
WRAP states that off-site manufactured construction can produce 80% less waste than traditional construciton
True or False
Question
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Try again
False?
Well Done! Off site manufacture produces as little as 80% less waste than traditional construction.
True!
Pre-fabricated panels or logs can be transported around site on a tele-handler or side loader (depending on size)
Sites with Restricted Access
Pre-fabricated panels or logs can be transported around site on a tele-handler or side loader (depending on size)
Machine profile logs and smaller panels can even be manually carried where access is particularly difficult
Sites with Restricted Access
Precision Engineering◦ Less waste
Off-Site Fabrication
Precision Engineering◦ Less waste
Less on site machinery / power tools◦ Lower co2 emissions◦ Less noise◦ Safer working conditions
Off-Site Fabrication
Precision Engineering◦ Less waste
Less on site machinery / power tools◦ Lower co2 emissions◦ Less noise◦ Safer working conditions
Rapid Construction
Off-Site Fabrication
Precision Engineering◦ Less waste
Less on site machinery / power tools◦ Lower co2 emissions◦ Less noise◦ Safer working conditions
Rapid Construction
Off-Site Fabrication
Image shows external larch cladding
Solid timber construction – alongside off site manufacture can result in a safer, healthier and cleaner site.
True or False
Question
Are you sure? Would you like to try again?
Try again
False?
Solid Timber Construction which is usually combined with off-site manufacture reduces site waste, reduces use of machinery/power tools, reduces site CO2 emissions and results in a cleaner, healthier and safer site than traditional construction.
True!
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
No wasted time curing/drying/proving
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
No wasted time curing/drying/proving No weather delays
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
No wasted time curing/drying/proving No weather delays Reduced Site Waste including COSHH waste
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
No wasted time curing/drying/proving No weather delays Reduced Site Waste including COSHH waste Improved Health and Safety
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
Where internal finish is also timber ie; MPL or exposed Brettstapel then a high quality finish is provided with further advantages
Quality of Internal Finish
Where internal finish is also timber ie; MPL or exposed Brettstapel then a high quality finish is provided with further advantages
Laminated timbers reduce shakes and splits associated with natural timber finish
Quality of Internal Finish
Where internal finish is also timber ie; MPL or exposed Brettstapel then a high quality finish is provided with further advantages
Laminated timbers reduce shakes and splits associated with natural timber finish
Therefore no plasterboard required and site waste further reduced
Quality of Internal Finish
Where internal finish is also timber ie; MPL or exposed Brettstapel then a high quality finish is provided with further advantages
Laminated timbers reduce shakes and splits associated with natural timber finish
Therefore no plasterboard required and site waste further reduced
Positive ambience
Quality of Internal Finish
True or False
Question
Moisture Mass - natural cell structure of untreated timber absorbs and releases excessive internal moisture.
Improved Internal air quality
Moisture Mass (natural cell structure of untreated timber absorbs and releases excessive internal moisture
High thermal resistance (thermal conductivity of timber is 0.12 to 0.16 W/m.K)
Improved Internal air quality
Moisture Mass (natural cell structure of untreated timber absorbs and releases excessive internal moisture
High thermal resistance (thermal conductivity of timber is 0.12 to 0.16 W/m.K)
Timber does not retain any electro-static charge. This is of benefit in particular to allergy sufferers which account for approximately 1:4 of the population.
Improved Internal air quality
Timber has highest thermal resistance of traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K).
Energy Efficiency
Timber has highest thermal resistance of traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K).
High quality insulation material further reduces U vales
Energy Efficiency
Timber has highest thermal resistance of traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K).
High quality insulation further reduces U vales Combination results in thinner wall thickness to
create more energy efficient walls than traditional construction eg; MPL with 150mm Kingspan insulation gives U value of 0.14 with wall thickness of 290mm
Energy Efficiency
Timber has highest thermal resistance of traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K).
High quality insulation further reduces U values Combination results in thinner wall thickness to
create more energy efficient walls than traditional construction eg; MPL with 150mm Kingspan insulation gives U value of 0.14 with wall thickness of 290mm
Air tightness (as discussed earlier) improving efficiency further
Energy Efficiency
Timber is the most thermal efficient of all traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K)
True or False
Question
Are you sure? Would you like to try again?
Try again
False?
Timber is the most thermal efficient of all traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K)
True!
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
Designing for De-Construction
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
In addition enable efficient dismantling at end of the buildings life.
Designing for De-Construction
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
In addition enable efficient dismantling at end of the buildings life.
Salvaged materials can be re-used, recycled or re-manufactured
Designing for De-Construction
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
In addition enable efficient dismantling at end of the buildings life.
Salvaged materials can be re-used, recycled or re-manufactured
Recovering some of their inherent value.
Designing for De-Construction
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
In addition enable efficient dismantling at end of the buildings life.
Salvaged materials can be re-used, recycled or re-manufactured
Recovering some of their inherent value. Reducing future waste to landfil
Designing for De-Construction
Carbon Sequestration◦ During its growth each kg of timber will sequester
carbon from 1.8kg of CO2 of which approx 75% is released as Oxygen back into the atmosphere
Additional Benefits of Solid Timber Construction
Carbon Sequestration◦ During its growth each kg of timber will sequester
carbon from 1.8kg of CO2 of which approx 75% is released as Oxygen back into the atmosphere
Fire Resistance◦ Solid timber maintains structural integrity better
than bare steel or concrete in a fire.
Additional Benefits of Solid Timber Construction
◦ During its growth each kg of timber will sequester carbon from 1.8kg of CO2 of which approx 75% is released as Oxygen back into the atmosphere
True or False
Question
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Try again
False?
In Each 1kg of timber within a building there is a sequestered carbon value of 1.8 CO2
True!
Brettstaple ◦ Suitable for multi-storey buildings
Individual Benefits
Brettstaple ◦ Suitable for multi-storey buildings◦ Potential for use of low grade local timber where
manufacturing facilities available
Individual Benefits
Brettstaple ◦ Suitable for multi-storey buildings◦ Potential for use of low grade local timber where
manufacturing facilities available◦ Options for industrial grade finish
Individual Benefits
Machine Profile Log◦ Logs can be carried manually or mechanically
making ideal for sites with restricted access.
Individual Benefits
Machine Profile Log◦ Logs can be carried manually or mechanically
making ideal for sites with restricted access.◦ Minimal mechanical handling makes MPL ideal for
sites where quiet construction important.
Individual Benefits
Machine Profile Log◦ Logs can be carried manually or mechanically
making ideal for sites with restricted access.◦ Minimal mechanical handling makes MPL ideal for
sites where quiet construction important.◦ Exposed internal wall log makes ideal where
quality internal finish is required.
Individual Benefits
Machine Profile Log◦ Logs can be carried manually or mechanically
making ideal for sites with restricted access.◦ Minimal mechanical handling makes MPL ideal for
sites where quiet construction important.◦ Exposed internal wall log make ideal where
quality internal finish is required.◦ Low cost/quality solution for single or two storey
buildings.◦ Popular in educational settings
Individual Benefits
Cross Laminated Timber◦ Suitable for multi-storey construction
Individual Benefits
Cross Laminated Timber◦ Suitable for multi-storey construction◦ Can be specified for industrial/low grade internal
finish
Individual Benefits
A quick summary of the points we have learned.
Quick Revision
Brettstaple
Interlocking Log / Machine Profile Log
Cross Laminated Timber
Each system has its own particular advantages which make it more suited to an individual project.
Types of Solid Timber Construction
Sustainability of materials Air tightness Speed of construction Low site waste Suitability for sites with restricted access Off Site Pre-Fabrication Potential to loose all “wet trades” Quality of internal finish Improvement of internal air quality Energy Efficiency Designing for De-Construction
Why Choose solid timber Construction
Established Independent protocols for verification of material and supply chain sustainability through FSC® or PEFC® certification.
Continuous forest renewal improves global air quality as a result of Carbon Sequestration
Suitability of timber for recycling/re-use means that there is no waste to landfill
Sustainable Materials
Solid timber construction involves tightly fixed timbers which minimise infiltration routes
Timber buildings with timber on interior and exterior can reduce infiltration further
MPL with appropriate breather membranes can achieve <1m3/hr at 50Pa
MPL buildings can achieve “Carbon Positive” with air tightness at <3m3/hr at 50Pa & a solar array.
Air Tightness
Solid timber panels or logs are precision engineered off-site and pieced together to create a rapid construction process
Labour costs are reduced No Drying/Curing times waiting for
concrete/cement/plaster or paint Inconvenience to neighbours reduced as a
result
Speed of Construction
WRAP state that offsite manufacture generates up to 80% less waste than traditional construction
Less waste = reduced costs of disposal Reduced traffic to/from site No “wet trades” reduces COSHH waste Neater, tidier and more environmentally friendly
sites MPL have recorded as little as 0.3 tonnes to
landfill per 100m2 of new build.
Low Site Waste
Pre-fabricated panels or logs can be transported to site on a tele-handler or side loader (depending on size)
Machine profile logs and smaller panels can even be manually carried where access is particularly difficult
Sites with Restricted Access
With a little trackway and a sideloader – this narrow access was suitable for an MPL project.
Precision Engineering◦ Less waste
Less on site machinery / power tools◦ Lower co2 emissions◦ Less noise◦ Safer working conditions
Rapid Construction
Off-Site Fabrication
There is no need for cement /plaster /paint to be used on site where exposed timber is final finish on both internal and external walls. Therefore;
No wasted time curing/drying/proving No weather delays Reduced Site Waste including COSHH waste Improved Health and Safety
Potential to loose all “wet trades”
Where internal finish is also timber ie; MPL or exposed Brettstapel then a high quality finish is provided with further advantages
Laminated timbers reduce shakes and splits associated with natural timber finish
Therefore no plasterboard required and site waste further reduced
Positive ambience
Quality of Internal Finish
Moisture Mass (natural cell structure of untreated timber absorbs and releases excessive internal moisture
High thermal resistance (thermal conductivity of timber is 0.12 to 0.16 W/m.K)
Timber does not retain any electro-static charge. This is of benefit in particular to allergy sufferers which account for approximately 1:4 of the population.
Improved Internal air quality
Timber has highest thermal resistance of traditional construction materials with conductivity of 0.12 - 0.16 W/(m.K).
High quality insulation further reduces U values Combination results in thinner wall thickness to
create more energy efficient walls than traditional construction eg; MPL with 150mm Kingspan insulation gives U value of 0.14 with wall thickness of 290mm
Air tightness (as discussed earlier) improving efficiency further
Energy Efficiency
Some solid timber buildings including MPL offer a fully recyclable building envelope.
In addition enable efficient dismantling at end of the buildings life.
Salvaged materials can be re-used, recycled or re-manufactured
Recovering some of their inherent value. Reducing future waste to landfil
Designing for De-Construction
Carbon Sequestration◦ Each kg of timber locks up 1.8kg of CO2
Fire Resistance◦ Solid timber maintains structural integrity better
than bare steel or concrete in a fire.
Benefits of Solid Timber Construction over Timber Frame
Brettstaple ◦ Suitable for multi-storey buildings◦ Potential for use of low grade local timber where
manufacturing facilities available◦ Options for industrial grade finish
Individual Benefits
Machine Profile Log◦ Logs can be carried manually or mechanically
making ideal for sites with restricted access.◦ Minimal mechanical handling makes MPL ideal for
sites where quiet construction important.◦ Exposed internal wall log make ideal where
quality internal finish is required.◦ Low cost/quality solution for single or two storey
buildings.
Individual Benefits
Cross Laminated Timber◦ Suitable for multi-storey construction◦ Can use low grade timbers◦ Various grades of finish including exposed
Individual Benefits
References www.cabinco.co.uk Library images courtesy of Cabinco Ltd Section drawings courtesy of Cabinco Ltd http://www.brettstapel.org.uk/ http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/pdf/projects/low_impact_materials/IP17_11.pdf http://jp.europeanwood.org/en/building-with-wood/building-systems/solid-wood-panels/ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mid-rise http://www.foam-insulation.co.uk/insulation/thermal-conductivity.htm
Solid Timber Construction