Option E6

E.6.1 DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HONEY BEE COLONIES AND ONE OTHER NON-HUMAN EXAMPLE.

E.6.1 DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HONEY BEE COLONIES AND ONE OTHER NON-HUMAN EXAMPLE.

E.6.1 DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HONEY BEE COLONIES AND ONE OTHER NON-HUMAN EXAMPLE.

E.6.1 DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HONEY BEE COLONIES AND ONE OTHER NON-HUMAN EXAMPLE.

E.6.1 DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HONEY BEE COLONIES AND ONE OTHER NON-HUMAN EXAMPLE.

E.6.2 Outline how natural selection may act at the level of the colony in the case of social organisms.

E.6.3 DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR USING TWO NON-HUMAN EXAMPLES.

Promotes the reproductive fitness of another individual at considerable cost to oneself.

Otherwise know as selfless behavior.

E.6.3 DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR USING TWO NON-HUMAN EXAMPLES.Altruistic behavior is the product of natural selection.

Altruistic behavior can benefit the geneThrough:

1. Kin selection - closely related individuals are promoted, thus ensuring the survival of shared genes.

2. Reciprocal altruism - Helping another may be returned in the future, ensuring the survival of oneself and thus aiding reproductive success.

E.6.3 DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR USING TWO NON-HUMAN EXAMPLES.

E.6.3 DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR USING TWO NON-HUMAN EXAMPLES.Vampire bats (Desmondus rotundus), are hematophages.To survive, they need to feed on 50% of their body weight every24-46 hours.

They have developed blood-sharing as an altruistic act.

E.6.4 OUTLINE TWO EXAMPLES OF HOW FORAGING BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZES FOOD INTAKE, INCLUDING BLUEGILL FISH FORAGING FOR DAPHNIA.

The act of searching for, chasing, capturing, killing, and consuming food.

optimal foraging strategies.

Their foraging behavior represents the maximumbenefit to cost ratio.(energy gain per unit effort)

E.6.4 OUTLINE TWO EXAMPLES OF HOW FORAGING BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZES FOOD INTAKE, INCLUDING BLUEGILL FISH FORAGING FOR DAPHNIA.

E.6.4 OUTLINE TWO EXAMPLES OF HOW FORAGING BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZES FOOD INTAKE, INCLUDING BLUEGILL FISH FORAGING FOR DAPHNIA.

E.6.4 OUTLINE TWO EXAMPLES OF HOW FORAGING BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZES FOOD INTAKE, INCLUDING BLUEGILL FISH FORAGING FOR DAPHNIA.

E.6.5 EXPLAIN HOW MATE SELECTION CAN LEAD TO EXAGGERATED TRAITS.

- Is another element of natural selection in action.

E.6.5 EXPLAIN HOW MATE SELECTION CAN LEAD TO EXAGGERATED TRAITS.

E.6.6 STATE THAT ANIMALS SHOW RHYTHMICAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY

Behaviors and activities change rhythmically over regular time periods.

E.6.6 STATE THAT ANIMALS SHOW RHYTHMICAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY

Seasonal behaviors include waking from hibernation (suchas bats, hedgehogs, and other insectivores), reproductive seasons (such as in many bird species) and migration and spawning seasons(such as in salmon and coral polyps).

E.6.6 STATE THAT ANIMALS SHOW RHYTHMICAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY

Circadian rhythms are controlled by a series of ‘internal body clocks’.They are influenced by light-dark cycles and are essential forhealthy function of metabolism, including hormone productionand sleeping/feeding patterns.

E.6.6 STATE THAT ANIMALS SHOW RHYTHMICAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY

The moon has a great influence over life on Earth.-Daily (diurnal) cycles control tides and the behavior of intertidal animal species.-Monthly and annual cycles have a great impact on spawning, nesting, and migration in many different species.