Optimalisai Kiln System & Case Study
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Transcript of Optimalisai Kiln System & Case Study
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering 2010
Optimalisasi Kiln System & Case Study
Blending Silo
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Eliminasi bottleneck Operasi, Process
Mempertahankan critical process parameter (T, P, O2) pada normal range
Kiln optimalisasi (standard measurement)
Kondisi Plant, MaintenanceEliminasi false air
Pembersihan preheater secara rutin (mengurangi pressure drop)
Modifikasi kiln system
Hanya jika performance tidak dapat dicapai pada step 1 dan 2
Pyroprocess yang optimum:
Specific energy consumption yang rendah (MJ/t-cl dan kWh/t-cl)
Production rate yang tinggi (tpd)
Kualitas clinker yang memenuhi standard (FCaO, C3S, no reduction condition)
Umur refractory yang panjang (no patching)
Optimalisasi Pyroprocess
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Item Check
Hal-hal penting dalam optimalisasi proses pembakaran:
Kiln Pengechekan burner (kestabilan flame) Pengechekan indikator combustion proses (efek circulating element) Moduli kiln feed (target kualitas, burnability dan kestabilan pembakaran) Granulometri clinker dan pembentukan coating (burnability)
Cooler Grate speed vs clinker bed (effisiensi cooler / recuperation) Pressure Fan (cooling curve – eff. cooler) ) Distribusi udara fan-fan cooler (cooling vurve – eff. cooler))
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Burner
Pengecekan burner dilakukan dengan alasan:
"Health check" setelah annual / major shut down
Terjadi perubahan mendadak pada kondisi kiln:
Kiln tidak stabil, Reaction time berbeda, Sulit mempertahankan burning zone, …
Kenaikan sulfur cycle, coating atau ring formation
Sarana training bagi process engineers atau operator
Hal-hal yang penting untuk dicheck:
Total flow Primary Air (% PA =8 -14%) dan coal transport air
Pressure (200 - 300 mbar) dan temperatur udara axial - radial pada burner
Setting pada axis (0 - 4%) kiln dan posisi pada discharge kiln (in/outside)
Kehalusan fine coal dan fluktuasi tekanan udara transport fine coal
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Specific Burner Momentum (7 ~ 10 N/MW, hi momentum 10 ~ 12):
Perhitungan cepat
dengan %PA = % Primary Air (basis Amin)
Velocity PA: (Bernoulli):
pTip: Pressure pada Inlet (Pa)
Tip: densitas udara pada burner Tip T = 50ºC, p= amb. Pressure
air: [1.29 kg/m3][Pa/1013 mbar ][273/(T+273 ]], kg/Nm3
Amin: Kebutuhan udara minimum untuk pembakaran sempurna tanpa excess oxygen (stoichiometric combustion).
Amin 0.26 Nm3/MJ
Burner Momentum
G = Velocity x Massflow / Thermal Power, N/MW
Pthermal = Wcoal (tph) x NCVcoal (MJ/t) / 3600
]/[3001% MWNvPAG PA
Tip
TipPA
pv
2
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Combustion
Molar Alkali/Sulfur Ratio dan Volatilitas
Indikasi sebuah perbandingan antara alkali dan molekul sulfur dikoreksi oleh chlorine dalam total inputs (fuel dand raw materials) dari kiln feed system (Target: 0.8 sampai 1.2)
Persamaan:
(Total Input SO3 >1.25% akan menimbulkan built up)
Volatilitas: tingkat kemudahan atau kecepatan suatu bahan kimia akan menguap dalam kondisi suhu dan tekanan tertentu ( limit < 0.7)
80
7162940
3
22
3SO
ClONaK
SO
Alk % berat
dengan:Cclinker = konsentrasi bahan di clinkerChotmeal = konsentrasi bahan di hot meal
hotmeal
clinker
C
C1
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Moduli kiln Feed
Burnability menyatakan kemudahan terbentuknya mineral-mineral clinker dari raw mix pada suatu kondisi tertentu dalam kiln system (tergantung moduli dan kehalusan)
Burnability (by: FLS)
FCaO (1400oC ) = + 0.33(LSF-(105.7-5.4SM)) + 0.56 (CaCO3 >125μ) + 0.93 (SiO2 > 45μ)
Liquid phase: menentukan granulometri clinker dalam kiln (dusty or balling)
% Liquid (1340 oC) = 6.10 (Fe2O3) + MgO + (Na2O + K2O) <----- AM > 1.38= 8.5(Al2O3) - 5.22(Fe2O3) + MgO + (K2O + Na2O) <----- AM < 1.38
% Liquid (1400 oC) = 2.95(Al2O3) + 2.2 (Fe2O3) + MgO + (Na2O + K2O) <----- MgO max 2%% Liquid (1450 oC) = 3.0(Al2O3) + 2.25(Fe2O3) + MgO + (Na2O + K2O) <----- MgO max 2%
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
AR SR Sifat Coating / clinker
< 1.6 < 2.5 Coating tipis, brick attack, liquid melt >>>
> 1.6 < 2.5 Coating tebal / ring, clinker ball, viscous melt >>>
< 1.6 > 2.5 Coating tipis, liquid melt <<<
> 1.6 > 2.5 Coating sangat tipis, viscous melt <<<
1.3 ~ 1.9 2.2 ~ 2.8 Normal coating - clinker
Granulasi Clinker dan pembentukan coating dipengaruhi kuantitas
(SR) dan viscositas (AR) liquid phase.
Granulasi clinker & pembentukan coating
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Clinker Cooler
Layout Cooler (distribusi clinker distribution, sistem grate plate, inklinasi grate, drive, clinker crusher, clinker fall through handling)
Grate speed dan clinker bed (fluktuasi speed dan clinker bed, drive system)
Distribusi udara, cooling fan (limit kapasitas fan)
Gap management (grate alignment, compartment sealing, grate support, hopper discharge control)
Control loops and interlocks
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Clinker Cooler
Grate speed:
Cooling Residence Time
Distribusi udara dan kapasitas cooling fan
SPM =L * H * Lst * ρ cl * η cl
PP = KapasitasL = Lebar grateH = Tinggi clinker bed
θ cooling =
P = KapasitasLgr = panjang grateL = Lebar grateH = Tinggi clinker bed
Lgr * L * H
P / ρ cl
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Fan Pressure & Air Distribution
Pressure fan:
dPexp = f(T) p1 > p2 > p3> …..pn (recuperation zone)
untuk cooling zone pn > pn+1
Air distribution:
Recuperation zone = Cooling zone
(air beam + sealing) (air chamber/compartemen)
0
100
200
300
400
500
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700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
T-cl
P-ug
dP Cl-bed
Ideal air distribution
air - clinker
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
STUDI KASUS - DISKUSI
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
BZT
1350 °C
BET1190 °C
Oxygen at KI = 1.5%CO=0.15%
Fuel rate Kiln speed Feed rateKiln draftand PC draft
Oxygen after PC1 - 1.5 %
Fuel rate PC
Studi Kasus Kiln System
T-cl 190oC1st, 2nd, 3rd=23 spm 1st chamb. = 35 mbar
2nd air 680oC
Hotmeal:2.85% SO3, 0.14% cl91% calc
: 326 tph
Speed 100% RPMDamper 100%
410oC, 65mbar, 4.0 %O2
: 60 %
5 mbar
Plant A data 2009 sbb:
Kapasitas terpasang: 5000 TPD (CF=1.65)
Specific heat consumption : 3400 MJ/t
Kiln: availabilty 85.1%, rate index 95%
Primary air :
Rad. 4600Nm3/h 130mbar
Ax. 5000Nm3/h 200mbar
Kiln ID: 4.7m L=75m
Cooler W: 3.3m L:27m
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Analisis Material 2009 (data lab.)
Kiln Feed LOI = 35.9% SM = 2.35 LSF = 99 SiO2 >45μ = 0.35% CaCO3 > 125μ = 2.8%
Clinker SO3 = 0.35 FCaO = 0.55 % AM = 1.7 LSF = 96
Fuel (coal) NCV = 52100 kcal/kg Ash = 10% VM = 41% R90 = 25% S = 1.35%
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Target Produksi 2010: Menaikkan produksi clinker 1.710.000 T/A (budget 2009: 1.660.000 T/A) Kiln availability 90% (Overhaul tahunan 15 hari) Menurunkan spesific thermal energy 5%
Lakukan analisis data operasi 2009 Botleneck proses, dampak masalah dan improvement apa yang dapat
saudara lakukan (optimalisai proses atau proposal CAPEX (modifikasi)…?). Isi tabel (p.16-17).
Langkah-langkah: Hitung OEE & Production rate 2009 dan evaluasi gap terhadap design
capacity
Task 2009
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Solusi Tahun 20…
Bottlenecks 2009Analisa Indikator proses dan moduli
Bottleneck Impact terhadap proses
Deskripsi Improvement proposal
Benefit terhadap performance
(volume, cost, energy consumption)
CAPEX dan estimasi kiln downtime
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
BZT
1450 °C
BET1050 °C
Oxygen at KI = 0.9%CO=0.25%
Fuel rate Kiln speed Feed rateKiln draftand PC draft
Oxygen after PC1.5 – 2.0 %
Fuel rate PC
Kondisi Kiln System 2010
T-cl 90oC1st, 2nd, 3rd=15 spm 1st chamb. = 65 mbar
2nd air 910oC
Hotmeal:3.26% SO3, 0.31% cl94% calc
: 337 tph
Speed 100% RPMDamper 100%
410oC, 65mbar, 4.7 %O2
: 60 %
3 mbar
Kapasitas terpasang: 5000 TPD (CF=1.65)
Specific heat consumption : 3300 MJ/t
Kiln: availabilty 90%, rate index 98%
Primary air :
Rad. 4800Nm3/h 140mbar
Ax. 5000Nm3/h 200mbar
Kiln ID: 4.7m L=75m
Cooler W: 3.3m L:27m
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Target Produksi 2010: Menaikkan produksi clinker 1.710.000 T/A (budget 2009: 1.660.000 T/A) Kiln availability 90%, Prod. Rate 98% Menurunkan spesific thermal energy 5%
Data down time 2010:
Task
Trouble data 2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ov
erh
au
l
Cy
clo
ne
blo
ckin
g
Gra
te p
late
lo
ss
Co
ole
r ja
mm
ed
ID f
an
tri
p
RM
lo
w s
tock
Co
al
mil
l st
op
Kil
n f
eed
sy
stem
Co
al
feed
er
Cli
nk
er t
ran
spo
rt
Po
wer
fa
ilu
re
Kil
n m
ain
dri
ve
Co
ntr
ol
syst
em
Pri
ma
ry a
ir f
an
Do
wn
tim
e (h
rs)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Fre
q.
Institut Semen dan Beton Indonesia Process Engineering, 2010
Target Produksi 2011: Menaikkan produksi clinker 1.750.000 T/A (budget 2009: 1.710.000 T/A) Kiln availability 90% (Overhaul tahunan 15 hari) Menurunkan spesific thermal energy 5%
Lakukan analisis data operasi 2010 Botleneck proses, dampak masalah dan improvement apa yang dapat
saudara lakukan (optimalisai proses atau proposal CAPEX (modifikasi)…?). Isi tabel (p.16-17).
Langkah-langkah: Hitung OEE & Production rate 2010 dan evaluasi gap terhadap full
design capacity
Task 2010