Optical Design Lab Lecture - Home - Dunlap Institute
Transcript of Optical Design Lab Lecture - Home - Dunlap Institute
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OPTICAL DESIGN
United States Patent 6788387
State-of-the-art Lithography Lens
Suresh SivanandamAssistant Professor
(Dunlap Institute/University of Toronto)
Credit: Nature Pub
Facilitators:Dr. Shaojie Chen, Elliot Meyer
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WHERE DO YOU START?• System Requirements:
• Field-of-view
• Resolution
• Wavelength
• Sensitivity
• Mechanical Constraints
• Environment
• Other Considerations:
• Cost
• Timescale
• Complexity
• Manufacturability
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LENS DESIGN SOFTWARE• Ray trace codes (e.g. Zemax, Code V, OSLO) that trace rays
through optical systems to determine their performance
• They use sequential ray tracing to determine optical parameters
• One can evaluate various performance parameters such as image quality
Object Image
Stop
R1 R2
SeparationThickness
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OSLO-EDU
Optics Software for Layout and Optimization
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INPUT FORMAT
ImageSurface(IMS)
ObjectSurface(OBJ)
Aperture Stop (AST)
S1S2
LensMaterial
FieldAngle θ
LENS
S1 S2
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Cellphone Camera(Credit: Carl Zeiss)
Sony Cellphone Camera PatentHubble Space Telescope
(Credit: Wikipedia)
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3RD ORDER OPTICS
• If you use spherical surfaces, the paraxial approximation breaks down at larger incident angles, which produces optical aberrations
sin ✓ = ✓ � ✓3
3!+
✓5
5!...
Paraxial Optics(1st order)
Geometric Aberrations(3rd order)
f/1.5 spherical planoconvex lens
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OPTICAL ABERRATIONS
Well-defined formalism exists that predicts optical performance
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ABERRATIONS• MONOCHROMATIC
ABERRATIONS
• Spherical
• Coma
• Field Curvature
• Astigmatism
• Distortion
• CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS
• Axial Colour
• Lateral Colour
Seidel Aberrations
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SPHERICAL ABERRATION• Field independent
aberration
• Strong function of f/#
• Methods of reduction
• Slow optics
• Lens bending
• Lens splittingCredit: Optical System Engineering
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COMA
• Field dependent aberration
• Methods of reduction
• Shift aperture stop
• System symmetry
Credit: Optical System Engineering
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ASTIGMATISM
Credit: Optical System EngineeringThrough Focus
Spots
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FIELD CURVATURE
• Curved focal plane
• Methods of reduction
• Curved focal plane
• Field flattener
• Negative astigmatism
Credit: Optical System Engineering
Kepler Focal Plane
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DISTORTION
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CHROMATIC ABERRATION
• Index of refraction of glass varies with wavelength
• Outside the scope of lab
Axial Colour
LateralColour
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IDENTIFYING ABERRATIONS• Many Methods:
• Spot Diagrams
• Optical Path Difference Plots
• Seidel Coefficients
• Zernike Polynomials
• Ray Fans
• Encircled Energy
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SPOT DIAGRAM
Object Image
Point Spot
Stop
Optical System
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OPTICAL PATH DIFFERENCE
(Credit: OSA)
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ABERRATION THEORY SEIDEL COEFFICIENTS
OPD = W (⇢, ✓, H) = W040⇢4 +W131H⇢3 cos ✓ +W222H
2⇢2 cos2 ✓ +W220H2⇢2 +W311H
3⇢ cos ✓
Spherical Coma Astigmatism FieldCurvature
DistortionOpticalPath
Difference
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LAB ACTIVITY
1. Learn to use optical design software
2. Construct your own lens
3. Identify geometric aberrations
4. Correct for those aberrations
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LANDSCAPE LENS
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REFERENCES
• Optical System Design (Fischer)
• Astronomical Optics (Schroeder)
• Lens Design Fundamentals (Kingslake)
• Field Guide to Geometrical Optics (Greivenkamp)