Optical and Microwave Remote Sensing for Crop Monitoring in Mexico

Optical and Microwave Remote Sensing for Crop Monitoring in Mexico

Beyond Diagnostics: Insights and Recommendations from Remote SensingWorkshop CIMMyT. Mexico, D.F. Diciembre 14-15 de 2013

J. Soria-Ruiz. National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research. Y. Fernández-Ordóñez Colegio de Postgraduados.H. McNairn Agri-Food Canada

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Outline RS in everyday life

Some applications realized by INIFAP

Extreme events: Flooding with SAR; Hurricane damage using SPOT5; Frost damage with MODIS.

Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd) detection in Michoacan, Mexico using QuickBird.

Land Use/Cover in central Mexico using LANDSAT and SAR (Radarsat 1).

Crop monitoring, condition and crop yield using SPOT 5 and Radarsat 2.

Optical and microwave remote sensing for crop monitoring in Mexico.

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Remote Sensing in everyday life

The human visual system is an example of a remote sensing system in the general sense.

Currently, RS has become important with the advancement of space technology, with new elements of data gathering and analysis that contribute to solve many problems of today's society.

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Extreme events

Natural phenomena become natural disasters when they surpass a normal threshold.

Severe effects occur when planning and security measures are deficient.

Mexico’s southeastern region is characterized by the economic potential of its natural resources. However, this region faces frequent cyclic problems due to natural disasters.

http://tigrepelvar4.wordpress.com/2007/11/03/desastres-naturales-en-tabasco-mexico-y-el-caribe/

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Extreme events: Flooding

Flooding in the state of Tabasco in October 2007 was considered the worst in 50 years.

Excessive rainfall in the state of Chiapas and the rise of water levels in the Usumacinta and Grijalva rivers result in severe flooding in urban and flat areas.

DEM - Tabasco

89% of its surface shows a flat topography with high flooding susceptibility

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Objectives To quantify the agricultural surface affected by flooding, for annual and perennial crops, with a Radarsat 1 image.

Image Technical Specifications: • C-Band wavelength (5.6cm) • HH polarization (Horizontally

transmitted and received) • Resolution: 12.5 m • Incidence Angles: 39º• Scene: 6 Nov 2007

ERDAS and Arc/Gis Software

Affected agricultural areas

Results

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Extreme events: HurricanesHurricane- a cyclonic low pressure system formed over the oceans and caused by water evaporation rising from the sea and becoming a storm.

An increase in cyclonic activity has been observed in the equatorial zone of the globe; events are above the mean value of 9 cyclones per year.

ObjectiveAssess and quantify the agricultural surface affected by hurricane Dean in the three states of the Yucatan Peninsula.

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Extreme events: Hurricanes

SPOT 5 mosaic used to assess damage in agriculture due to hurricane Dean in 2007.

Affected areas of maize, sugar cane and agriculture plantations in Quintana Roo.

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Extreme events: Hurricanes

Affected areas of maize crop - Yucatan Affected areas of maize crop - Campeche

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Extreme events: Frost

Serious frost in Sinaloa, Northwestern Mexico, in late January 2011 caused a total loss of garden produce, vegetables and annual crops of the Autumn-Winter agricultural cycle. (Assessment work carried out jointly by SIAP and INIFAP.)

Before frost After frost

MODIS

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Land Use/Cover in central Mexico (Landsat ETM)

LANDSAT ETM Mosaic

March scenes

July scenes

December scenes

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Land Use/Cover in central Mexico (Landsat ETM)

Land use – State level estatal Land use – Municipal level

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Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd) detection in the state of Michoacan

QuickBird

Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd), a disease with economic consequences affects Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

Plantations affected with ASBVd exhibit yield reductions and lesser quality produce of up to 52.7 %.

Identification and sampling zones

Field work, Tacambaro municipality, Michoacan.

Quickbird Image

Spatial resolution: 0.60 m

Sampling and georeferencing of ASBVd infected trees

Infected individuals resulting from the digital classification were validated via fitopatology lab tests.

Precision: 87 %

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Land Use/Cover in central Mexico: Landsat ETM and Radarsat 1

Methodology

SAR R1 Fine beam mode HH polarization C band (6.25 m)16/Aug/2001Incidence angle: 42.03

Landsat ETM 25 m 30/July/2001

the objective of this study was to assess the advantages of combining synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical remote sensing in producing more accurate maps.

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Land Use/Cover in central Mexico: Landsat ETM and Radarsat 1

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In Mexico over two agricultural cycles (Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter) 28.5 million tons are harvested. These crops require continuous monitoring in order to correct management deficiencies.

Production systems for this crop are varied In the center and southern regions of the country production systems are characterized by small plot sizes, irregular forms and most of them on sloped terrain.


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Objectives

1. Study the utility of multi-polarized C-band radar data for crop type and crops condition in Mexico.

2. Establish the benefit of combining RADAR and OPTICAL data in increasing accuracy of crop condition.

3. Use quad polarization (QP) mode to increase detection of crop type and crop condition of corn, and ultra fine spatial resolution for crop yield from Radarsat 2.

4. For crop yield, assess the linear cross- polarization data (HV and VH) using contrast information and different incidence angles to establish areas of high and low productivity.



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Radarsat 2C band 4.8 – 7.5 cm wavelength8.0 - 5.0 GHz frequency

RADARSAT-2 is a fully polarimetric sensor, thus it is able to send and receive radar waves in all possible polarization combinations: Horizontal (H) and Vertical (V). Thus the following polarizations are available: co-polarized radar signals (HH y VV) and quad-polarized signals:

Selective Polarization: (HH and HV) or (VH and VV)

Single Polarization: (HH)

Quad-Polarization: (HH, VV, HV, VH)

Selective Single Polarization: (HH) or (HV) or (VH) or (VV)

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Advances


Study area: Zinacantepec Municipality, Mexico.


147 plots in the study area have been monitored on the Spring-Summer cycle 2013.

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Cutivated suface of maize in the municipality of Zinacantepec, Mexico. Spring-Summer cycle 2013,

using SPOT 5

Cover Surface (ha) (%)

Maize 10,624.3 32.98

Other 21,589.3 67.02

Total 32,213.7 100

Crop monitoring, condition and crop yield using SPOT 5 and Radarsat 2.Advances

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Thanks

Dr. Jesus Soria-RuizGeomatics Lab – [email protected]

Optical and Microwave Remote Sensing for Crop Monitoring in Mexico

Education

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