Optic 3

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Fiber optic

HUNG NGUYEN

PHUONG THAN

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History of Fiber Optics

Total Internal reflection is the basic idea of fiber optic

John Tyndall demonstration in 1870

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History of Fiber optics

• During 1930, other ideas were developed with this fiber optic such astransmitting images through a fiber.

• During the 1960s, Lasers were introduced as efficient light sources

• In 1970s All glass fibers experienced excessive optical loss, the loss of thelight signal as it traveled the fiber limiting transmission distance.

• This motivated the scientists to develop glass fibers that include aseparating glass coating. The innermost region was used to transmit thelight, while the glass coating prevented the light from leaking out of the coreby reflecting the light within the boundaries of the core.

• Today, you can find fiber optics used in variety of applications such as

medical environment to the broadcasting industry. It is used to transmitvoice, television, images and data signals through small flexible threads of glass or plastic.

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Several applications of fiber optic

Configuration of a Fiber Optic Sensor System

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Total internal Reflection

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Source and transmitters

• A basic fiber optic communications system

consists of three basic elements:

– Fiber media

– Light sources

– Light detector

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There are three types of fiber optic cable commonly used

Single Mode

Step-index Multimode fiber

Plastic optic fiber

Fiber media

Optical fibers are the actual media that guides the light

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Optical fiber transmits light. But, what prevents the light from escaping

from the fiber?

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How Does fiber optic transmit light

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The loss of fiber optic

• Material obsorption

• Material Scattering

•

Waveguide scattering• Fiber bending

• Fiber coupling loss

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A Light Sources

LED (Light emitting diode) ILD (injection laser diode)

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Detectors

•Detector is the receiving end of a fiber optic link.

There are two kinds of Detectors

1. PIN (Positive Intrinsic Negative)

2. APD (Avalanche photo diodes)

PIN

APD

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Idea of Modulation

• When sending information by an optical

fiber, the information must be encoded or

transformed somehow into information that

capable of being transmitted through afiber. The signal needs to be modulated.

There are two types of modulation Analog

and digital.

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The advantages of fiber optic over

wire cable

• Thinner

• Higher carrying capacity

• Less signal degradation

• Light signal

• Low power

• Flexible

• Non-flammable

• Lightweight

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Disadvantage of fiber optic over

copper wire cable

• Optical fiber is more expensive per meter

than copper

• Optical fiber can not be join together as

easily as copper cable. It requires training

and expensive splicing and measurement

equipment.

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Project

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Solar Board

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References

• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic7.htm

• http://www.commspecial.com/fiberguide.htm

• http://www.thefoa.org/

•

http://www.fiber-optics.info/fiber-history.htm

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic7.htm

http://www.commspecial.com/fiberguide.htm

http://www.thefoa.org/

http://www.thefoa.org/

http://www.commspecial.com/fiberguide.htm




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