OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Narayan G. Hegde

BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune

www.baif.org.in

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

• Poverty • Unemployment • Inequality Food security and Malnutrition Basic Services Safe Drinking Water Housing • Education • Health Care and Diseases • Pollution and Natural Calamities • Other Local problems

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development

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Status Public Charitable Trust, Research Institution Contributions exempt from Income Tax U/s 35.1.ii Coverage : 5 million Poor families in 100,000 villages

Salient Features: Secular, Non-political, 4500 Professionals

Annual Budget (2013-14): USD 30 million BAIF’s Mission

To create opportunities of gainful self-employment for the rural

families, especially disadvantaged sections, ensuring sustainable

livelihood, enriched environment, improved quality of life and good

human values. This is being achieved through development, research,

effective use of local resources, extension of appropriate technologies

and upgradation of skills and capabilities with community

participation.

BAIF IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Dr. Manibhai Desai, Founder, BAIF

4 February 13, 2015 Sustainable Development

BAIF IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMME COVERAGE OF BAIF

LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMES

On-farm Activities

• Livestock husbandry: Dairy cattle, Buffaloes and Goat

• Watershed Development and Crop Improvement

• Agri-Horti-Forestry and Sericulture

Off-farm Activities

• Cottage Industries, Consumer stores

• Processing of Food and Forest Products

• Production of building materials

• Employment Promotion in Non-farm Sector

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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL FARMERS

• 70 million small and marginal farmers own 70% livestock

• Generating 16.5 million employment

• Milk production in 2012-13: 131.0 M.T. (17 % World’s Production)

• Demand by 2022: 180 million tons/year

• Per capita milk availability : 252 gm (World Av. : 265 gm/ per day)

• Average Milk Production (kg/Lactation)

Cattle : 987

Cattle of Native breeds: 200 – 800

Crossbred Cattle : 1800 – 2500

Buffaloes : 800 - 1000

• Dairy Husbandry:

3 Cows / Buffaloes yielding 8 litres /day,

generate an annual income of

Rs. 35,000 – 45,000

(Gestation: 3.5 to 4 years)

• Sheep and Goats:

8 – 10 goats generate an annual income of

Rs. 25,000 – 30,000 (Gestation: 12 - 18 months)

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Sustainable Development

LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT

8

REACHING THE POOR DAIRY DEVELOPMENT BY BAIF

Coverage of a Centre

• 12-15 villages; 1500 families; • 1500-2000 Cows/ Buffaloes • A.I. at doorsteps; Focus on small farmers

• Conservation of native breeds

• Support services: Vaccination, Minor Vet care,

Advice on feeding and Forage production

• Development of Local Organisations

Outcome

• No. of Centres: 4000 in 16 states, covering

4.0 million families in 100,000 villages

• No. of A.I. carried out: 3.5 million/year

• Cows/Buffaloes in Milk Production: 2 million

• Value of Milk produced: $ 1.4 Billion/year

• Programme is Self-Sustainable in 5 years

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Production of high yielding progeny by breeding uneconomical animals Sustainable Development

Gir

Sahiwal Tharparkar

Red Sindhi

INDIAN MILCH BREEDS

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BUFFALO BREEDS

Murrah : High milk yield

Jafrabadi : High fat content

Surti : Small animals

Jafrabadi

Murrah

Surti Sustainable Development 11 February 13, 2015

FODDER ON FIELD BUNDS

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PRODUCTION OF COMPLETE FEED BLOCKS

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IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Issues

•Rainwater use efficiency: 30-40%

•35% cropping area under irrigation with 35-65% efficiency

•Over exploitation of ground water

•Pollution of major rivers and ground water

•70% Rural drinking water does not meet WHO quality standards

Action

• Holistic watershed Development

• Land use plan based on soil

productivity and water resources

• Soil and water conservation

• Efficient water use and selection

of suitable crops / varieties

• Promotion of water users’ groups

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WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT • Increase in 20-25% cropping intensity

and 30-80% in crop yields;

• Recharging of ground water table and

Assured drinking water supply;

• Production of forage for livestock and

Additional employment generation;

• Introduction of high value crops:

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IMPROVED AGRICULTURE

• Sustainable agriculture • Efficient use of water • High value crops • Contract farming in Peri-urban areas • Assurance of food safety • Direct marketing

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SERICULTURE

Shishuka for transport of hatchings

Opportunities for Gainful Self-Employment

Mulberry plantation

Silkworm rearing Sustainable Development 18 February 13, 2015

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REFORESTATION

AGRI-HORTI-FORESTRY FOR REHABILITATION OF TRIBALS

Issues

• Tribal people are 10% of total

population: 120 million

• Livelihood seriously affected by deforestation and habitat in remote areas

• Education and health care even lower than in Rural India

• Distress Migration

• Exploitation

• Living in chronic poverty

Action

• Agri–Horti–Forestry for sustainable livelihood

• Water resources development

• Livestock development

• Capacity building of Women

• Community Health initiatives

• Literacy drive

• Processing and Marketing of Produce

• Development of People’s Organisations

Impact

• Sustainable livelihood

with 0.4 ha orchard

• 50-200% increase in crop

yields in inter-space

• Fruit processing and

Marketing co-operatives

to employ landless

• Reduction in migration

• Improved Health status

• Women empowerment

and better quality of life

• Regeneration of forests

Environmental Sustainability:

• Conservation of forests, biodiversity and environment • Water conservation: Efficient use of water resources

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DEVELOPMENT OF WADI

Reduction in Migration Development of Local Resource Persons

Reverse migration

Production and food and cash crops

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• Poor families earning sustainable livelihood

degraded lands (0.4 ha orchard/ family) • Production of food, fodder, timber, fuel wood

• Generation of non-farm enterprises

• Conservation of nature with self-employment,

benefitting 0.2 million Tribal Families

ORCHARDS ENSURE CONSERVATION OF NATURE WITH POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Before development

After development

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OUTCOME OF WADI PROGRAMME

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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Hardship Reduction

• Maternal and Child Health; Family Welfare

• Safe Drinking Water Sources

• Energy Sources: Improved wood stoves, Biogas

• Kindergarten and School facilities

Gender Equity

• Sensitisation of Men

• Equal share in Family Assets

• Ability to negotiate and take effective decisions

Capacity Building

• Exposure visits: micro-credit; Rural Development • Self Help Groups to mobilise savings and credit

• Develop Corpus and Community assets

• Involvement of community in Planning and Development

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COMMUNITY HEALTH

Trained mid wife

Traditional healer

Activities • Safe drinking water • Sanitation, Hygiene, Awareness • Primary medical care • Revival of traditional systems of medicine • Maternal and child health, family welfare • Nutrition mix for children and women

Outcome • Safe drinking water all round the year • Trained volunteers as health guides • Health centres by Traditional healers • Reduction in child mortality • Reduction in family size

Health Guide

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ROLE OF CSOS • Organising small farmers into Users’ / Producers’ Groups

• Identification of socio-economic problems of farmers

• Planning for need based development activities

• Capacity building

• Development of necessary infrastructure

• Micro-finance and linkage with financial institutions

• Special efforts to include the poor in development

• Linkage with various development agencies

• Value chain development: Backward and Forward linkages

• Mentoring and trouble shooting

• Orientation for Improving the Quality of Life

Thank you

nghegde@baif.org.in

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