Opportunities for Sorghum use in the Poultry IndustryRaleigh, 17 April, 2013

2

Germplasm / Breeding

Seed Production

Conditioning / Processing

Sales and Distribution

Harvest & Delivery

Chromatin Overview – Focused on Sorghum

• 20+ million pounds of seed inventory produced and distributed annually

• Seed delivered to approximately 4 million acres each year

• Developing sorghum for traditional and renewable markets

3

Crop Water Use

4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.00

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180Milo - 9 bu/inSoybean - 5.2 bu/inCorn - 11 bu/inWheat - 6.5 bu/in

Water Use (in)

Gra

in Y

ield

(bu

/a)

L.R. Stone

Sorghum Drought Mechanisms

Drought Tolerance

50% more stomata per in2 of leaf than cornStomata are smaller

Smaller leaf:root ratio than other crops

Extensive root system

Stay-Green Traits

Perfect flowers*

Drought Avoidance

Heavy wax layer (bloom) on leaves/stems

Slow/hasten maturity under stress

Motor cells at leaf midrib to facilitate leaf curling under stress

5

• Where is the yield tipping point?• How do economics affect the tipping point?• World vs U.S. cropping systems

– How are we going to feed the world in the face of declining water supplies?– Chromatin is using this approach to target markets and product development

Tipping Points for Yield and Economics

SorghumCorn

Growing Season Water Supply

No Water Stressed Rainfed

Limited Irrigation

Water Not Limiting

6

Multi-year Studies in Kansas & Nebraska

• Yield comparisons, n = 202:– Corn and sorghum hybrid tests at same location, KS, NE– Cropping-system or rotations studies with both crops in same year in same

rotation• Production Costs and Returns:

– 2012 Corn and Sorghum Cost-Return budgets, KSU, UNL– Localized costs and market prices used for each location

7

Sorghum and Corn Yields

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

50

100

150

200

250

300

f(x) = 0.453802846490759 x + 54.0445940631775

Corn Yield, bu/a

So

rgh

um

Yie

ld,

bu

/a

8

Economic Comparison

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Corn Yield, bu/a

So

rgh

um

Ad

van

tag

e, $

/a

9

Economic Comparison

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Corn Yield, bu/a

So

rgh

um

Ad

van

tag

e, $

/a

Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 100% Corn yields where Economic Tipping point = 132 bu/a

10

Economic Comparison

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Corn Yield, bu/a

So

rgh

um

Ad

van

tag

e, $

/a

Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 93% 100%Corn yields where Economic Tipping Point = 110 132 bu/a

11

Gains made by corn breeding

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Corn Yield, bu/a

So

rgh

um

Ad

van

tag

e, $

/a

Price Ratio = 100%, Years: 1991-2001 2002-2011Corn yields (bu/a) where Economic Tipping point = 146 127

Benefit to corn breeding for drought tolerance

12

Opportunities for Sorghum

Corn Yield (bu/a)

13NC Coastal Plains

Category Sorghum Corn Cotton

Yield (bu/acre) 120 120 770

Price per bu 5.05 5.35 0.72

Seed 154.32

Total Revenue 606.00 642.00 708.72

Seed 14.66 96.60 77.68

Fertilizer & Lime 122.01 164.51 206.46

Herbicides 33.08 33.08 42.93

Insect, Growth, & Desic. 12.50 0.00 42.20

Machine, Drying, Hauling 84.11 84.11 157.78

Crop Ins. 10.05 10.05 10.05

Labor 18.04 18.04 14.37

Interest @ 5% 6.36 6.36 11.15Total 300.81 412.75 562.63Return over Costs 305.19 229.25 146.09

14

NC Corn Yields (NASS and NCSU)

2008 2010 20120

20406080

100120140160180200 Rowan

Avg. Max

Min

Corn

Yie

ld (b

u/a)

2008 2010 20120

50

100

150

200

250 Washington

Avg. Max

Min

Corn

Yie

ld (b

u/a)

15

Coastal Plains Sorghum Testing Sites - 2012

16

Chromatin Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance - 2012

Hybrid S.C. D.C. S.C. Early N.C. Va. Tech % of Avg. N

NK 7829 80 125 - - 76 1.08 12

KS 735 66 114 94 74 0.96 15

K 73-J6 77 117 - - - - 1.04 5

NK 6638 101 112 - - 81 1.15 12

SP 6929 79 99 - - 71 0.97 12

NK 7633 74 102 - - - - 0.95 5

NK 5418 65 91 - - - - 0.84 5

KS 585 56 89 - - - - 0.77 5

KS 310 34 59 - - - - 0.49 5Location Mean 77 109 100 73 1.00 - -

17

Chromatin Hybrids for Coastal PlainsHybrid

Maturity

Days to Mid

BloomHeight Grain

ColorStandability

Drought

Tolerance

Emergence

Leaf Diseas

e Resist

NK 7829 M-F 71-75 Med-Tall Bronze 2 3 2 Ex

K73-J6 M-F 71-75 Med-Tall Bronze 2 2 2 Ex

NK 6638 M 68-72 Med Bronze 2 3 2 EX

SP 6929 M-F 70-74 Med-Tall Bronze 2 3 2 Ex

NK 5418 M 65-69 Med-Short Bronze 2 3 2 EX

KS 585 M 65-60 Med Bronze 3 3 1 Ex

Full Season Double Crop (include NK 6638)

Keys to Successful Hybrids in this environment• Med to Med-Full maturity to capture long growing season• Excellent leaf disease resistance (MDMV, anthracnose, and Downey Mildew)• Excellent emergence as no-till and strip till are used• One or two hybrids with double crop potential

For detailed hybrid information visit www.chromatininc.com/seed.html

18

Sorghum in Poultry Feeding – United Sorghum Checkoff

19

Chromatin Hybrid Compositional Data

Hybrid-Location

Crude Fat

Crude Fiber

ADF Protein Starch Ash Digest Energy

Metab Energy

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % DM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mcal/lb - - -

12GS9001-CA 4.14 3.29 6.30 11.80 70.56 1.61 1.81 1.69

12GS9001-TX 4.29 1.96 5.30 10.30 70.93 1.44 1.83 1.72

12GS9002-CA 4.19 3.16 4.50 11.50 71.55 1.27 1.83 1.71

12GS9002-TX 4.09 2.45 6.00 11.60 71.32 1.36 1.81 1.70

12GS9010-SD 4.32 2.68 4.50 10.40 73.00 1.16 1.84 1.73

12GS9010-TX 4.17 1.58 6.10 11.70 72.65 1.24 1.82 1.70

12GS9013-SD 4.63 1.59 6.60 12.70 70.08 1.28 1.82 1.70

12GS9013-TX 4.03 2.76 6.00 11.20 73.01 1.53 1.81 1.70

20

Feeding Sorghum Guides (www.sorghumcheckoff.com)