Operative Dictations in General and Vascular Surgery

Jamal J. Hoballah Carol E.H. Scott-ConnerEditors

Operative Dictations in General and Vascular SurgerySecond edition

EditorsJamal J. Hoballah, MD, MBA, FACS Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon

Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Vascular Surgery Division University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA jh34@aub.edu.lb

Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, MD, PhD, MBA, FACS Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA carol-scott-conner@uiowa.edu

ISBN 978-1-4614-0450-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0451-4DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0451-4Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935376

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To Harry (CSC)To Leila, Jawad, Nader and Wafa (JJH)

vii

Preface

A SPECIAL WORD TO SURGICAL RESIDENTS AND FELLOWSSurgeons love to operate, but nobody likes paperwork. The opera-tive dictation, or “op note” as it is commonly called, is one of the most important pieces of paperwork that a surgeon creates. Accurately recording what happened in the operating room – what the indications were, what was found, what was done, who was there, what sutures and devices were used, what individual differences in anatomy were encountered – is a crucial skill that all surgeons must learn. Yet, surgical residents rarely receive detailed instruction in how to dictate concise, informative opera-tive notes.

Quite simply, this is a book we wish we had had when we were residents. It is a book we want our residents to have and to use. Personalize your copy. Use the space labeled “notes” to take note of particular technical variations favored by the various attending surgeons with whom you scrub. Note their preferences in suture materials, patient positioning, and other small details. Make it your practice to review this material before scrubbing on a case. Surgery is made up of thousands of small details. Note what works well, and what is less useful. Sooner than you might believe, you will be facing your board exams and working independently. When you do, this book will help you recall everything you have learned, and help you to determine your own technical preferences.

We hope you will enjoy using this unique resource. We wel-come your comments or suggestions.

Jamal J. HoballahCarol E.H. Scott-Conner

ix

The second edition of this book, once again, seeks to put a world of technical information in your pocket, or OR locker. A total of 60 new operations have been added, expanding the content by more than 35%. A large number of endovascular procedures have been added in the second edition, reflecting the changes in the manage-ment of vascular pathology.

The volume has two primary objectives. First, it is designed to serve as a source of model operative dictations that may be individualized and used as templates. Second, it is intended as an aide-memoir, giving the surgeon a short list of pertinent informa-tion about each procedure. Ample space is provided to allow each surgeon to add notes. By reviewing this introductory material before scrubbing on a procedure, the trainee surgeon will enter the operating room better prepared to participate actively and to learn as much as possible. At the end of training, this book, with the notes accumulated by the resident, will serve as an invaluable review resource analogous to the individualized notebooks many surgeons keep. The first edition was noted to be very valuable by graduating surgical trainees in preparation for the certifying exam of the American Board of Surgery.

This book is also intended for practicing surgeons, who may modify each template to reflect their own individual practice. It also serves as a concise reminder of essential steps in those opera-tions that may be only rarely performed.

Here you will find concise summaries of 226 operations. This comprises the majority of procedures commonly performed by general and vascular surgeons. For each procedure, a list of com-mon indications is given. This list is by no means exhaustive, but

Introduction

x INTRODUCTION

is intended to cover 95% of the situations in which a particular procedure will be used.

A list of essential steps follows. These can be used to mentally rehearse the procedure before it is performed. The next heading, Note these technical variations, introduces a list that is intended to prompt the surgeon for particular things to note and dictate within the template. These particular things must be individualized – they range from fundamental variations such as a stapled vs. sutured anastomosis, through such details as type of suture or whether an autotransfusion device was used. A list of possible complica-tions that are typically associated with that particular surgical procedure follows. Complications (such as myocardial infarction, bleeding, infection) which can follow any operative intervention are not listed unless they are characteristically more common alter that operation.

Finally, a template operative dictation is provided. We believe that paper is cheap and time is precious, and have assumed that the reader of this part of the chapter wants completeness and con-venience. We have minimized the need to refer to other chapters by including all the parts of the operative note regardless of dupli-cation across chapters. To this end, we have included common opening and terminating sequences (for example, how to enter and close the abdomen) in all laparotomy dictations. (Although fundamental to any operative notes, comments regarding blood loss, fluid replacement, and instrument counts were not included in these templates to avoid redundancy.) More complicated pro-cedures are more prone to variation, and we have tried to strike a balance between conciseness and completeness. Thus, under operative findings, we have enumerated those most pertinent to the procedure in question and prompted for additional findings.

These surgery operative dictations are intended to be used in conjunction with the following texts by the editors:

Scott-Conner CEH (ed). Chassin’s Operative Strategy in General Surgery, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001. This detailed review of strategy in general surgery includes almost all of these procedures. The sections of the present book correspond directly to the sections of this text.

Scott-Conner CEH (ed). Chassin’s Operative Strategy in Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2006. This provides additional information on laparoscopic colorectal procedures.

Scott-Conner CEH (ed). The SAGES Manual: Fundamentals of Laparoscopy and GI Endoscopy. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2nd edition, 2006. Endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are discussed in detail.

xiINTRODUCTION

Scott-Conner CEH, Cuschieri A, Carter AF. Minimal Access Surgical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000. This text covers the anatomy of laparoscopic surgery in color plates and line drawings.

Scott-Conner CEH, Dawson DL. Operative Anatomy, 3rd edi-tion. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2009. The anat-omy and technique of common procedures, including thoracic, vascular, and transplant, is covered.

Lumley JSP, Hoballah JJ. Vascular Surgery. Springer Surgery Atlas Series. Springer, Heidelberg (forthcoming 2010).

Hoballah, JJ. Vascular Reconstructions: Anatomy, Exposures, and Techniques. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000. Step-by-step review of all common vascular reconstructions, along with basics of exposure and access, and technical tips.

The vast majority of these chapters were written by surgical residents at the University of Iowa College of Medicine or the American University of Beirut. These residents are introduced to you on the pages which follow. The virtues of this book must accrue to them; any faults rest squarely with the section editor. The hard work and assistance of Ms. Katherine Carolan, the encour-agement of Laura Gillan who saw the first edition to fruition, and Richard Hruska and Elizabeth Orthmann who shepherded this second edition along, and the input of residents and colleagues is gratefully acknowledged.

xiii

Section I Esophagus

1 Esophagectomy: Right Thoracotomy and Laparotomy with Thoracic Anastomosis ............................................... 2Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

2 Esophagectomy: Right Thoracotomy and Laparotomy with Cervical Anastomosis .................... 8Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

3 Esophagogastrectomy ........................................................ 14Elizabeth A. Marshall, M.D.

4 Transhiatal Esophagectomy ............................................... 20Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

5 Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy ......................................... 25Edward Y. Chan, M.D. and Edward H. Chin, M.D.

6 Transabdominal Nissen Fundoplication ........................... 33Linda P. Zhang, M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D.

7 Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication ................................ 38Jessica K. Smith, M.D.

8 Transthoracic Collis Gastroplasty and Nissen Fundoplication ....................................................... 45Mark Shapiro, M.D. and Edward H. Chin, M.D.

9 Laparoscopic Collis Gastroplasty and Nissen Fundoplication ....................................................... 50Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D.

Contents

xiv CONTENTS

10 Cricopharyngeal Myotomy and Operation for Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) Diverticulum .................. 55Nabil Fuleihan, M.D.

11 Transoral Surgery for Zenker’s Diverticulum ................... 59Nabil Fuleihan, M.D.

12 Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm ............................................................. 63Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

13 Laparoscopic Esophagomyotomy with Partial Fundoplication ............................................... 67Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

Section II Stomach and Duodenum

14 Gastrojejunostomy ............................................................. 72Lori K. Soni, M.D.

15 Proximal Gastric Vagotomy ............................................... 77Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

16 Truncal Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty ................................. 82Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

17 Partial Gastrectomy with Billroth I Reconstruction ........ 87Roy R. Danks, D.O.

18 Partial Gastrectomy with Billroth II Reconstruction ...... 92Roy R. Danks, D.O.

19 Plication of Perforated Peptic Ulcer ................................. 98Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D.

20 Laparoscopic Plication of Perforated Ulcer ..................... 102Roy R. Danks, D.O.

21 Gastrostomy ........................................................................ 107Philip M. Spanheimer, M.D.

22 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ........................... 111Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

23 Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Nodal Dissection, Roux-en-Y Reconstruction for Cancer .............................. 115Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D.

24 Total Gastrectomy with D2 Nodal Dissection, Roux-en-Y Reconstruction, Feeding Tube Jejunostomy ............................................................... 122Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D.

xvCONTENTS

25 Vertical Banded Gastroplasty ............................................ 128Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

26 Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding for Obesity .......................................................................... 133Mohammad A. Hojeij, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D.

27 Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity .............................. 137Yi-Horng Lee, M.D.

28 Laparoscopic Antecolic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity ................................................ 142Mohammad K. Jamal, M.D.

29 Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy..................................... 149Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D.

30 Simple Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum ..................... 153Roy R. Danks, D.O.

31 Transduodenal Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum ........ 157Roy R. Danks, D.O.

Section III Small Intestine and Appendix

32 Small Bowel Resection ...................................................... 163Ross Bengtson, M.D.

33 Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection ............................... 167Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D.

34 Enterolysis for Intestinal Obstruction .............................. 172Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

35 Laparoscopic Enterolysis for Small Bowel Obstruction ................................................... 176Mohamad H. Alaeddine, M.D. and Bassem Y. Safadi, M.D.

36 Feeding Jejunostomy ......................................................... 180Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

37 Appendectomy .................................................................... 184Lori K. Soni, M.D.

38 Laparoscopic Appendectomy ............................................ 189Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D.

39 Resection of Meckel’s Diverticulum .................................. 194Ross Bengtson, M.D.

xvi CONTENTS

Section IV Large Intestine

40 Right Hemicolectomy ........................................................ 199Simon Roh, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D.

41 Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy ................................. 203Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

42 Left Hemicolectomy ........................................................... 209Simon Roh, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D.

43 Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy ................................... 214Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

44 Low Anterior Resection ..................................................... 220Eanas S. Yassa, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D.

45 Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection .............................. 225Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, M.D.

46 Abdominoperineal Resection ............................................ 231Eanas S. Yassa, M.D. and John C. Byrn, M.D.

47 Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection ..................... 236Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, M.D.

48 Subtotal Colectomy with Ileostomy and Hartmann’s Pouch....................................................... 242Samy Maklad, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D.

49 Laparoscopic Subtotal Colectomy with Ileostomy and Hartmann’s Pouch....................................................... 247Maher A. Abbas, M.D.

50 Total Proctocolectomy with Ileoanal Reservoir and Ileoanal Anastomosis .................................................. 252Danny Liu, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D.

51 Laparoscopic Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch to Anal Canal Anastomosis with Diverting Loop Ileostomy .......................................... 257Maher A. Abbas, M.D.

52 Total Proctocolectomy with Ileostomy ............................. 264Danny Liu, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D.

53 Laparoscopic Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy ............................................................ 269Maher A. Abbas, M.D.

54 End Ileostomy .................................................................... 275Emily Steinhagen, M.D. and Celia M. Divino, M.D.

xviiCONTENTS

55 Loop Ileostomy .................................................................... 280Laura Doyon, M.D. and Kaare Weber, M.D.

56 Closure of Loop Ileostomy ................................................. 284Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D.

57 Transverse Loop Colostomy ............................................... 288Gary William Swain, Jr., M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D.

58 Closure of Transverse Loop Colostomy ............................ 292Catherine Madorin, M.D. and Scott Q. Nguyen, M.D.

59 Subtotal Colectomy for Lower GI Bleeding ..................... 296Brian A. Coakley, M.D. and Celia M. Divino, M.D.

60 Hartmann’s Procedure ....................................................... 302Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

61 Closure of Hartmann’s Procedure (Open) ........................ 306Samy Maklad, M.D. and John W. Cromwell, M.D.

62 Laparoscopic Closure of Hartmann’s Procedure ............. 311Maher A. Abbas, M.D.

63 Sigmoidectomy and Rectopexy (Frykman-Goldberg Procedure) ........................................ 316Sergy Khaitov, M.D.

Section V Anus, Rectum, and Pilonidal Region

64 Rubber Band Ligation of Hemorrhoids............................ 322Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

65 Hemorrhoidectomy ............................................................ 325Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

66 Procedure for Prolapsed Hemorrhoids (Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy) ............................................ 329Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H.

67 Drainage of Perirectal Abscess .......................................... 332Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

68 Anorectal Fistulotomy ........................................................ 335Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

69 Anal Fistula Plug ................................................................ 338Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

70 Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure .................................................... 341Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, M.D.

xviii CONTENTS

71 Anoplasty for Anal Stenosis ............................................... 343Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

72 Marsupialization of Pilonidal Sinus ................................. 346Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, M.D.

73 Excision and Primary Closure of Pilonidal Sinus ............ 349Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, M.D.

Section VI Hepatobiliary Tract

74 Cholecystectomy ................................................................. 353Jennifer E. Hrabe, M.D.

75 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ......................................... 357Jennifer E. Hrabe, M.D.

76 Open Common Bile Duct Exploration .............................. 362Christopher Bunch, M.D.

77 Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct ............ 367Walid Faraj, M.D., F.R.C.S. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D.

78 Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy or Choledochojejunostomy ................................................ 372Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H.

79 Carcinoma of Hepatic Duct Bifurcation ........................... 378Rajesh Shetty, M.D. and Thomas E. Collins, M.D.

80 Hepatic Wedge Resection .................................................. 384Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D.

81 Right Hepatic Lobectomy .................................................. 388Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D.

82 Left Hepatic Lobectomy .................................................... 393Georgios Tsoulfas, M.D.

83 Packing of Liver Injury with Damage Control Laparotomy ........................................................... 398Mohammad Khreiss, M.D. and Bellal A. Joseph, M.D.

Section VII Pancreas

84 Partial Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure) .......................................................... 404Prashant Khullar, M.D.

85 Total Pancreaticoduodenectomy ....................................... 411Prashant Khullar, M.D.

xixCONTENTS

86 Distal Pancreatectomy ..................................................... 418Prashant Khullar, M.D.

87 Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy .............................. 423Prashant Khullar, M.D.

88 Pancreatic Cystogastrostomy ........................................... 428Prashant Khullar, M.D.

89 Pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow Procedure) ............... 433Kevin A. Bridge, M.D., M.S.P.H

Section VIII Spleen

90 Splenectomy (Open) for Disease ..................................... 439Charles H. Mosher, M.D.

91 Laparoscopic Splenectomy .............................................. 443Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

92 Splenectomy for Trauma .................................................. 447Charles H. Mosher, M.D.

93 Partial Splenectomy ......................................................... 451Charles H. Mosher, M.D.

94 Splenorrhaphy .................................................................. 455Charles H. Mosher, M.D.

Section IX Hernia Repairs and Surgery for Necrotizing Fasciitis

95 Bassini Repair of Inguinal Hernia .................................. 460Jessemae L. Welsh, M.D.

96 Shouldice Repair of Inguinal Hernia .............................. 465Evgeny V. Arshava, M.D.

97 McVay Repair of Inguinal Hernia ................................... 471Peter C. Fretz, M.D.

98 Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia...................................... 476Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

99 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) ........................... 481Jessica K. Smith, M.D.

100 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP).......................................... 486Jessica K. Smith, M.D.

xx CONTENTS

101 Repair of Femoral Hernia................................................ 492Jessemae L . Welsh, M.D.

102 Ventral Hernia Repair ...................................................... 496Peter C. Fretz, M.D.

103 Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair .............................. 499Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H.

104 Operations for Infected Abdominal Wound Dehiscence and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Abdominal Wall ..................................................... 504Kristen C. Sihler, M.D.

Section X Breast

105 Breast Biopsy .................................................................... 509Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

106 Breast Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy or Cyst Aspiration ............................................................. 513Kevin A. Bridge, M.D., M.S.P.H.

107 Excision of Ducts ............................................................. 517Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

108 Needle-Localized Breast Biopsy ...................................... 520Abdi Ahari, M.D.

109 Lumpectomy (Partial Mastectomy) and Axillary Node Dissection ................................................................ 524Abdi Ahari, M.D.

110 Axillary Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer .......... 529Michael Bonebrake, M.D.

111 Modified Radical Mastectomy ......................................... 533Michael C. Fraterelli, M.D.

112 Total (Simple) Mastectomy .............................................. 538Michael C. Fraterelli, M.D.

113 Skin-Sparing Total Mastectomy ...................................... 542Julie Guidroz, M.D.

114 Placement of Balloon Catheter for Brachytherapy ........ 545Julie Guidroz, M.D.

Section XI Lymph Nodes

115 Sentinel Node Biopsy for Melanoma .............................. 550Michael Bonebrake, M.D.

xxiCONTENTS

116 Superficial Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection................. 554Michael Bonebrake, M.D.

117 Excision of Melanoma ..................................................... 558Michael Bonebrake, M.D.

118 Inguinal and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (Superficial and Deep Groin Dissection) ........................ 561Hisakazu Hoshi, M.D.

Section XII Head and Neck

119 Superficial Parotidectomy ............................................... 566Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

120 Thyroid Lobectomy .......................................................... 570Joshua R. French, M.D., and James Howe, M.D.

121 Total Thyroidectomy ........................................................ 574Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D.

122 Parathyroidectomy for Adenoma .................................... 579Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D.

123 Radioisotope-Guided Parathyroidectomy ...................... 583Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D.

124 Parathyroidectomy for Secondary or Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ......................................... 587Joshua R. French, M.D. and James Howe, M.D.

125 Cricothyroidotomy ........................................................... 591Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D.

126 Tracheostomy ................................................................... 594Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D.

127 Percutaneous Tracheostomy ............................................ 598Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, M.D.

Section XIII Miscellaneous Procedures

128 Placement of Subclavian Central Venous Catheter ........ 603Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D.

129 Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Subclavian Central Venous Catheter .................................................. 607Timothy D. Light, M.D.

130 Placement of Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter .................................................. 611Amy Bobis Stanfill, M.D.

xxii CONTENTS

131 Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter .................................... 615Timothy D. Light, M.D.

132 Renal Transplantation ...................................................... 620Susan Skaff Hagen, M.D., M.S.P.H.

133 Left Adrenalectomy .......................................................... 626Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

134 Laparoscopic Left Adrenalectomy .................................. 631Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

135 Right Adrenalectomy ....................................................... 635Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

136 Laparoscopic Right Adrenalectomy ................................ 640Faek R. Jamali, M.D.

137 Insertion of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter ........................ 644Philip M. Spanheimer, M.D. and Thomas E. Collins, M.D.

138 Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair (Herniotomy) ............ 648Graeme Pitcher, M.B.B.Ch.

139 Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy ......................................... 654Graeme Pitcher, M.B.B.Ch.

140 Pediatric Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication ............. 659Joel Shilyansky, M.D.

Section XIV Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease

141 Carotid Endarterectomy .................................................. 666Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

142 Carotid Endarterectomy Using the Eversion Technique .......................................................... 670Dale Maharaj, M.D. and R. Clement Darling III, M.D.

143 Redo Carotid Endarterectomy ........................................ 674David C. Corry, M.D. and Mark Adelman, M.D.

144 Carotid Artery Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting .......... 680Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D.

145 Carotid Subclavian Bypass .............................................. 686Julie Freischlag, M.D. and John Lane, M.D.

146 Carotid Subclavian Transposition ................................... 690Julie Freischlag, M.D. and John Lane, M.D.

xxiiiCONTENTS

147 Vertebral Artery Reconstruction ..................................... 694David C. Corry, M.D. and Mark Adelman, M.D.

148 Subclavian Artery Angioplasty Stenting ......................... 700Rabih Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

149 Aorto-Innominate Artery Bypass ..................................... 703Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D.

150 Innominate/Common Carotid Artery Angioplasty Stenting Using Hybrid Open Technique ......................... 708Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

Section XV Mesenteric and Renal Artery Occlusive Disease

151 Antegrade Aortoceliac/Mesenteric Bypass for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia .................................... 712Roderick T.A. Chalmers, M.D.

152 Celiac and SMA Stenting ................................................. 716Raphael C. Sun, M.D.

153 Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolectomy with Primary/Patch Closure for Acute Embolic Mesenteric Ischemia ........................................................ 719Roderick T. A. Chalmers, M.D.

154 Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombectomy with Retrograde Aortomesenteric Bypass for Acute Thrombotic Mesenteric Ischemia ................................... 723Roderick T.A. Chalmers, M.D.

155 Bilateral Aortorenal Bypass ............................................. 727Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

156 Hepatorenal Artery Bypass .............................................. 732Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

157 Transaortic Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Artery Endarterectomy .................................................... 736Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D.

158 Transaortic Renal Artery Endarterectomy ..................... 740Christian Bianchi, M.D. and Jeffrey L. Ballard, M.D.

159 Renal Artery Angioplasty and Stenting ........................... 744F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D.

xxiv CONTENTS

Section XVI Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

160 Thoracofemoral Bypass ................................................... 749Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D.

161 Aortobifemoral Bypass..................................................... 755Rabih A. Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

162 Retroperitoneal Aortofemoral Bypass ............................ 763Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D.

163 Axillobifemoral Bypass .................................................... 769Kelly S.A. Blair, M.D. and Hisham Bassiouny, M.D.

164 Iliofemoral Bypass ........................................................... 774Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D.

165 Femorofemoral Bypass .................................................... 778Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D.

166 Iliac Artery Angioplasty and Stenting ............................. 782F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D.

Section XVII Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease

167 Femoropopliteal Bypass with PTFE Graft ..................... 787Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

168 Femoroinfrapopliteal PTFE Bypass with Adjunctive AVF or Vein Cuff ................................... 791Sujata Subramanian, M.D., Keith D. Calligaro, M.D., and Matthew J. Dougherty, M.D.

169 Femoroposterior Tibial Bypass with Reversed Greater Saphenous Vein.......................... 795Rabih Houbballah, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

170 Femoroanterior Tibial Bypass with Nonreversed Greater Saphenous Vein.................... 800Sung Woon Chung, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

171 In Situ Femoroperoneal Bypass ...................................... 805Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

172 Femoroplantar Composite Vein Bypass .......................... 810Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

173 Superficial Femoral Artery/Popliteal Artery/Tibial Angioplasty Stenting ........................................................ 814Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

xxvCONTENTS

174 Midbypass Revision ......................................................... 819Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

175 Distal Bypass Revision ..................................................... 823Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

176 Bypass Stenosis Angioplasty............................................ 827Fady F. Haddad, M.D. and Ahmad Zaghal, M.D.

Section XVIII Thromboembolectomy

177 Aortic Saddle Embolus .................................................... 832Theodore H. Teruya, M.D., and Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam, M.D.

178 Lower-Extremity Thromboembolectomy ....................... 836Jason Chiriano, D.O. and Theodore H. Teruya, M.D.

179 Upper-Extremity Thromboembolectomy ........................ 842Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

Section XIX Aneurysmal Disease

180 Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ................. 846John W. York, M.D. and Samuel R. Money, M.D.

181 Thoracic Endovascular Repair (TEVAR) for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ......................................... 853Parth B. Amin, M.D.

182 Creation of Iliac Conduit Prior to Tevar/Evar ................ 856Sung Woon Chung, M.D., and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

183 Percutaneous Fenestration and Stenting of Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissections ........... 858Mel J. Sharafuddin, M.D.

184 Elective Transabdominal Replacement of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ..................... 864Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

185 Left Posterolateral Retroperitoneal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ............................... 870Dale Maharaj, M.D. and R. Clement Darling III, M.D.

186 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with the Gore Excluder Endograft .................................. 874Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar, M.D., M.S. and Michel S. Makaroun, M.D.

xxvi CONTENTS

187 EVAR Using the Powerlink Device .................................. 879Parth B. Amin, M.D.

188 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with the Cook Zenith or Zenith Flex Endograft ................................................. 882Fady F. Haddad, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

189 Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (Talent-Bifurcated Graft) ................................................. 888F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L . Shames, M.D.

190 Internal Iliac Artery Embolisation .................................. 894Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

191 Transabdominal Replacement of Ruptured Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ......................... 898Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

192 Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ............................................................. 904Manish Mehta, M.D., M.P.H.

193 Open Repair/Ligation of Splenic Artery Aneurysm............................................................... 911Houssein Haidar Ahmad, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D, M.B.A.

194 Replacement of Common Femoral Aneurysm with PTFE Graft ............................................. 914Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

195 Ligation of Popliteal Aneurysm: Femoropopliteal/Tibial Reversed Vein Bypass ............... 918Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

196 Endovascular Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysm............................................................... 923Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

Section XX Venous Disorders

197 Stripping of the Greater Saphenous Vein and Stab Avulsion of Branch Varicosities .............. 929Michael S. Connors III, M.D. and Samuel R. Money, M.D.

198 Endovenous Ablation of Varicose Veins ......................... 933Dale Maharaj, M.D., Kathleen J. Ozsvath, M.D., and R. Clement Darling III, M.D.

xxviiCONTENTS

199 Femorofemoral Vein Bypass (Palma Procedure) ........... 936Munier M.S. Nazzal, M.D.

200 Venous Thrombectomy for Iliofemoral DVT Using Mechanical Devices and Lysis ...................... 940Chad Laurich, M.D.

201 Endovenous Recanalization for Chronic Occlusion or Stenosis, May-Thurner Syndrome .................................................. 943Chad Laurich, M.D.

202 Inferior Vena Cava Filters ................................................ 946F. Ezequiel Parodi, M.D. and Murray L. Shames, M.D.

Section XXI Creation of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Dialysis

203 Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis .................................................. 951Christopher Bunch, M.D.

204 Creation of Brachiocephalic Fistula ............................... 955Christopher Bunch, M.D.

205 Creation of Brachiobasilic Fistula: Basilic Vein Transposition ............................................... 957Mazen M. Hashisho, M.D.

206 PTFE Forearm Graft for Hemodialysis .......................... 960Mazen M. Hashisho, M.D.

207 Creation of Upper-Arm Prosthetic Arteriovenous Grafts ........................................................ 964Christopher Bunch, M.D.

208 Distal Revascularization and Interval Ligation (DRIL) .................................................. 968Simon Roh, M.D.

209 Revision Using Distal Inflow (RUDI) .............................. 972Simon Roh, M.D.

210 Pharmacologic/Mechanical Lytic Therapy for Occluded Dialysis Access ........................................... 976Eanas S. Yassa, M.D.

Section XXII Sympathectomy

211 Supraclavicular Cervical Sympathectomy ...................... 981Mario Martinasevic, M.D.

xxviii CONTENTS

212 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy ...................................... 985Pierre Sfeir, M.D.

213 Lumbar Sympathectomy ................................................. 989Mario Martinasevic, M.D.

Section XXIII Amputations

214 Above-Knee Amputation .................................................. 992Maen S. Aboul Hosn, M.D.

215 Below-Knee Amputation .................................................. 996Maen S. Aboul Hosn, M.D.

216 Transmetatarsal Foot Amputation .................................. 1000Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

217 Transmetatarsal (Ray) Toe Amputation .......................... 1002Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

218 Transphalyngeal Toe Amputation .................................... 1004Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

Section XXIV Miscellaneous Procedures

219 Supraclavicular Resection of Cervical Rib/First Thoracic Rib ....................................... 1008Ismail Mohamad Khalil, M.D.

220 Transaxillary First Rib Resection .................................... 1013William J. Sharp, M.D.

221 Surgical Repair of Femoral Pseudoaneurysm ................ 1017Gregory A. Carlson, M.D.

222 Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Obliteration of Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Thrombin Injection ................................................. 1019Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

223 Surgical Repair of Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula ........ 1021Gregory A. Carlson, M.D.

224 Four-Quadrant Fasciotomy .............................................. 1023Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

225 Split-Thickness Skin Graft ............................................... 1025Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

226 Temporal Artery Biopsy ................................................... 1027Jean Salem, M.D. and Jamal J. Hoballah, M.D., M.B.A.

Index ........................................................................................... 1029

xxix

Maher A. Abbas, MD Regional Colon and Rectal Surgery, SCPMG Director, Permanente National Center of Excellence Chair, Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam, MD Department of Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Maen S. Aboul Hosn, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Mark Adelman, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Abdi Ahari, MD General Surgery, Mason City Clinic, Mason City, IA, USA

Houssein Haidar Ahmad, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Mohamad H. Alaeddine, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Parth B. Amin, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Evgeny V. Arshava, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Jeffrey L. Ballard, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Contributors

xxx CONTRIBUTORS

Hisham Bassiouny, MD Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Ross Bengtson, MD Department of General Surgery, St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Brainerd, MN, USA

Christian Bianchi, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Kelly S.A. Blair, MD Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Michael Bonebrake, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinic, Iowa City, IA, USA

Kevin A. Bridge, MD, MSPH Department of General Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Christopher Bunch, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, Duluth, MN, USA

John C. Byrn, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Keith D. Calligaro, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Daniel Calva-Cerqueira, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Gregory A. Carlson, MD Memorial Health System, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar, MD, MS Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Roderick T.A. Chalmers, MD Vascular Surgical Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Edward Y. Chan, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Edward H. Chin, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Jason Chiriano, DO Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Sung Woon Chung, MD Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea

xxxiCONTRIBUTORS

Brian A. Coakley, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Thomas E. Collins, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Michael S. Connors III, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA

David C. Corry, MD Department of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Memorial Health System, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

John W. Cromwell, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA

Roy R. Danks, DO School of Medicine, St. Lukes Health System, Cushing Memorial Hospital, Leavenworth, KS, USA

R. Clement Darling III, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA

Celia M. Divino, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Matthew J. Dougherty, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Laura Doyon, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Walid Faraj, MD, FRCS Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Michael C. Fraterelli, MD Department of Surgery, Medical Center of Aurora, Aurora, CO, USA

Julie Freischlag, MD Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Joshua R. French, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Peter C. Fretz, MD Department of Urology, Elkhart General Hospital, Elkhart, IN, USA

Nabil Fuleihan, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Julie Guidroz, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

xxxii CONTRIBUTORS

Fady F. Haddad, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Susan Skaff Hagen, MD, MSPH Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Mazen M. Hashisho, MD Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA

Jamal J. Hoballah, MD, MBA Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA

Mohammad A. Hojeij, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Hisakazu Hoshi, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine and Surgical Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Rabih Houbballah, MD Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France

James Howe, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Jennifer E. Hrabe, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Mohammad K. Jamal, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Faek R. Jamali, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Bellal A. Joseph, MD Department of Surgery Section of Trauma, Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Sergy Khaitov, MD Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Ismail Mohamad Khalil, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

xxxiiiCONTRIBUTORS

Mohammad Khreiss, MD Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Prashant Khullar, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa city, IA, USA prashant-khullar@uiowa.edu

John Lane, MD Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA

Chad Laurich, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Yi-Horng Lee, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Timothy D. Light, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Danny Liu, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Shauna Lorenzo-Rivero, MD Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA

Catherine Madorin, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Dale Maharaj, MBBS Caribbean Vascular and Vein Clinic, St. Clair Medical Center, St. Clair, Trinidad

Michel S. Makaroun, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Samy Maklad, MD Department of General Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Elizabeth A. Marshall, MD University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Mario Martinasevic, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Manish Mehta, MD, MPH The Institute for Vascular Heath and Disease, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA

Samuel R. Money, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA

xxxiv CONTRIBUTORS

Charles H. Mosher, MD University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA

Munier M.S. Nazzal, MD Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA

Scott Q. Nguyen, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Kathleen J. Ozsvath, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, NY, USA

F. Ezequiel Parodi, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Graeme Pitcher, MBBCh University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Simon Roh, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Bassem Y. Safadi, MD Department of Surgery/Division of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Jean Salem, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Carol E.H. Scott-Conner, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA

Pierre Sfeir, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Murray L. Shames, MD Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Mark Shapiro, MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Mount Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Mel J. Sharafuddin, MD Department of Surgery and Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

William J. Sharp, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Rajesh Shetty, MD Organ Transplant Centre, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

xxxvCONTRIBUTORS

Joel Shilyansky, MD Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA

Kristen C. Sihler, MD, MS Departments of General Surgery, Trauma, and Critical Care, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA

Jessica K. Smith, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Lori K. Soni, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Philip M. Spanheimer, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Amy Bobis Stanfill, MD Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA

Emily Steinhagen, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Sujata Subramanian, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA USA

Raphael C. Sun, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

Gary William Swain, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Theodore H. Teruya, MD Department of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis, MD Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Georgios Tsoulfas, MD Department of Surgery, Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Kaare Weber, MD Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Jessemae L. Welsh, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

xxxvi CONTRIBUTORS

Eanas S. Yassa, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

John W. York, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA

Ahmad Zaghal, MD Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Linda P. Zhang, MD Department of General Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA