Operations and SafetyOperations and SafetyPhil Sochon

Australasian Railway AssociationProgram Leader

CRC for Rail Innovation

p yp y

Drew DawsonUniversity of South Australia

Program LeaderCRC for Rail Innovation

Established and Supported under Australia’s Established and Supported under Australia’s Cooperative Research Centres ProgrammeCooperative Research Centres Programme

OverviewOverview

Improving safety at level crossingsImproving safety at level crossingsSafer outcomesSafer outcomes –– fatiguefatigueSafer outcomes Safer outcomes fatiguefatigueSafer outcomes Safer outcomes –– Improved trainingImproved trainingN t h l i j tN t h l i j tNew technologies projectNew technologies projectImproved passenger experienceImproved passenger experienceVandalism Vandalism –– graffitigraffitiFuture directionsFuture directionsFuture directionsFuture directionsQuestionsQuestions

Improving Safety at Level Improving Safety at Level C iC iCrossingsCrossings

The problemThe problem

High cost of railwayHigh cost of railwaylevel crossing accidentslevel crossing accidents

Limited resources toLimited resources toupgrade sitesupgrade sites

New technologies hold New technologies hold considerable promise considerable promise co s de ab e p o seco s de ab e p o sebut not well understoodbut not well understood

Combined R2 and R3 initiativeCombined R2 and R3 initiativeCombined R2 and R3 initiativeCombined R2 and R3 initiative

Improving Safety at Level Improving Safety at Level C iC iCrossingsCrossings

The approachesThe approaches

Intelligent TransportIntelligent TransportIntelligent TransportIntelligent TransportSystemsSystems

Simulation studiesSimulation studiesSimulation studies Simulation studies of new technologiesof new technologies

Measuring changeMeasuring changeMeasuring change Measuring change in driver in driver behaviourbehaviour

Railway Level Crossing DatabaseRailway Level Crossing DatabaseRailway Level Crossing DatabaseRailway Level Crossing Database

WebWeb--based national database including Human based national database including Human Factors and Engineering causesFactors and Engineering causesFactors and Engineering causesFactors and Engineering causes

Safer Outcomes Safer Outcomes -- FatigueFatiguegg

The problemThe problem

Tired drivers are at higher risk of accident andTired drivers are at higher risk of accident andTired drivers are at higher risk of accident and Tired drivers are at higher risk of accident and injuryinjury

Restricting working hours is inflexible and costlyRestricting working hours is inflexible and costlyRestricting working hours is inflexible and costly Restricting working hours is inflexible and costly and does not necessarily improve safetyand does not necessarily improve safety

R l t i i t t diffi lti fR l t i i t t diffi lti fRegulatory inconsistency creates difficulties for Regulatory inconsistency creates difficulties for national operatorsnational operators

FAID is used in different ways in different statesFAID is used in different ways in different states

FAID is not validated for all rail safety workersFAID is not validated for all rail safety workersyy

Safer Outcomes Safer Outcomes -- FatigueFatiguegg

The approachesThe approaches

Development of National Standard for Development of National Standard for Fatigue Risk Management in Fatigue Risk Management in conjunction with ARA and regulatorsconjunction with ARA and regulators

Expanded database of rail safety workerExpanded database of rail safety workerExpanded database of rail safety workerExpanded database of rail safety workersleepsleep--wake wake behaviourbehaviour so that fatigue so that fatigue modeling software can be applied modeling software can be applied more broadlymore broadly

Safer OutcomesSafer Outcomes –– Improved TrainingImproved TrainingSafer Outcomes Safer Outcomes Improved TrainingImproved Training

The problemThe problem

UltraUltra--safe safe organisationsorganisations have a strong have a strong emphasis on promoting safety cultureemphasis on promoting safety cultureemphasis on promoting safety cultureemphasis on promoting safety culture

Safety management careers do notSafety management careers do notSafety management careers do not Safety management careers do not have strong posthave strong post--graduate skilling or graduate skilling or extensive discipline cohortsextensive discipline cohorts

Safer OutcomesSafer Outcomes –– Improved TrainingImproved TrainingSafer Outcomes Safer Outcomes Improved TrainingImproved Training

The approachThe approach

V i l Ed i & T i i (VET)V i l Ed i & T i i (VET)Vocational Education & Training (VET) Vocational Education & Training (VET) Sector ProgramSector Program

Certificate IV (articulates)Certificate IV (articulates)

National Masters in Rail Safety National Masters in Rail Safety yyManagementManagement

Graduate Certificate (6 months)Graduate Certificate (6 months)( )( )

Graduate Diploma (12 months)Graduate Diploma (12 months)

Masters in RSM (18 months)Masters in RSM (18 months)Masters in RSM (18 months)Masters in RSM (18 months)

New Technologies ProjectNew Technologies Projectg jg j

The problemThe problem

New technologies fundamentallyNew technologies fundamentallyNew technologies fundamentally New technologies fundamentally change the nature of the work taskchange the nature of the work task

The law of unintended consequence The law of unintended consequence can produce perverse outcomescan produce perverse outcomes

Designers and sales people often fail Designers and sales people often fail to anticipate the complex to anticipate the complex p pp pconsequences of new technologiesconsequences of new technologies

New Technologies ProjectNew Technologies Projectg jg j

The approachThe approach

Analysis of current and emerging newAnalysis of current and emerging newAnalysis of current and emerging new Analysis of current and emerging new inin--cab technologies to identify cab technologies to identify potential Human Factors problemspotential Human Factors problemsp pp p

Development of a Human Factors Development of a Human Factors toolkit that will enable purchasers oftoolkit that will enable purchasers oftoolkit that will enable purchasers of toolkit that will enable purchasers of new technology to identify and new technology to identify and anticipate Human Factors that mayanticipate Human Factors that mayanticipate Human Factors that may anticipate Human Factors that may lead to perverse safety outcomeslead to perverse safety outcomes

Improved passenger experienceImproved passenger experienceImproved passenger experienceImproved passenger experience

Th blTh blThe problemThe problem

Increasing passenger volumes hasIncreasing passenger volumes hasIncreasing passenger volumes has Increasing passenger volumes has increased crowdingincreased crowding

This may reduce potential This may reduce potential utilisationutilisation and and increase use of private transportincrease use of private transport

Passenger tolerance for static and Passenger tolerance for static and dynamic crowding is not well dynamic crowding is not well y gy gunderstood in Australiaunderstood in Australia

Improved passenger experienceImproved passenger experienceImproved passenger experienceImproved passenger experience

The approachThe approach

Improved understanding of the factorsImproved understanding of the factorsImproved understanding of the factors Improved understanding of the factors that determine and predict passenger that determine and predict passenger tolerance for crowdingtolerance for crowding

Improved understanding of the Improved understanding of the consequences of crowding on urban railconsequences of crowding on urban railconsequences of crowding on urban rail consequences of crowding on urban rail operationsoperations

Improved understanding of theImproved understanding of theImproved understanding of the Improved understanding of the environmental impacts of improved environmental impacts of improved tolerance to crowdingtolerance to crowdinggg

Vandalism Vandalism -- GraffitiGraffiti

The problemThe problem

Graffiti isGraffiti isGraffiti is Graffiti is associated associated with significant prevention and removal with significant prevention and removal g pg pcosts (>$20M p.a.)costs (>$20M p.a.)

Graffiti reduces public satisfactionGraffiti reduces public satisfactionGraffiti reduces public satisfaction Graffiti reduces public satisfaction with public transport with public transport -- insecurityinsecurity

Graffiti reduces utilisation of public Graffiti reduces utilisation of public transporttransport

Vandalism Vandalism -- GraffitiGraffiti

The approachThe approachThe approachThe approach

Review of local and international Review of local and international approaches to prevention and removal ofapproaches to prevention and removal ofapproaches to prevention and removal of approaches to prevention and removal of graffitigraffiti

Findings on ho graffiti can be red cedFindings on ho graffiti can be red cedFindings on how graffiti can be reduced Findings on how graffiti can be reduced and/or eliminated using standard and and/or eliminated using standard and innovative approachesinnovative approachespppp

Standard technical approachesStandard technical approaches

Community based initiativesCommunity based initiativesCommunity based initiativesCommunity based initiatives

Use of preventive vegetationUse of preventive vegetation

National workshop in 2010National workshop in 2010National workshop in 2010National workshop in 2010

Future DirectionsFuture Directions

R il i l diR il i l diRail simulator studiesRail simulator studies

SydacSydac –– simulator to be commissioned simulator to be commissioned SydacSydac s u a o o be co ss o eds u a o o be co ss o edFebruary 2010February 2010

Improved route knowledge acquisitionImproved route knowledge acquisitionImproved route knowledge acquisitionImproved route knowledge acquisition

Accelerated driver trainingAccelerated driver training

SingleSingle--driver operations safety casedriver operations safety case

E l ti t ti d d tiE l ti t ti d d tiEvaluating protective and adaptive Evaluating protective and adaptive strategies to fatigued operationsstrategies to fatigued operations

QuestionsQuestions