Operating system kernal
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OPERATING SYSTEM
“KERNEL”
BY SUMIT RAJPAL
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The kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software
and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The
kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system.
“WIKIPEDIA”
WHAT IS KERNEL ?
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WHAT IS KERNEL ?
• kernel is the central component of operating system.
• Act as a basic component of an operating system,
• kernel can provide the lowest-level abstraction layer for the • resources.
• Applications and processes use these resources through • IPC mechanisms and System calls.
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KernelShell
Application mode
Hardware level
HD DRIVE ,STORAGE,
I/O DEVICES
LEVELS OF INTERACTION
Operating System
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BASIC FACILITIES TO RESOURCES
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Memory
I/O Devices
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WHY KERNEL NEEDED ?
WHAT KERNEL DO ?
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manage the computer hardware and resources
Allow other programs to run and use these resources
Allocations made to the processor
provide methods for syncronization and communication between processes called IPC .
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KERNEL
Monolithic Micro
Hybrid
Nano
VARIOUS KERNEL AND DESIGN
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KERNEL PROTECTION
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One
• protection from faults
Two
• mechanisms or policies provided by the kernel can be classified according to several criteria
• Static ,Dynamic
Three
• Approach used for protection :-
Four
• Firmware for fault tolerence• Cryptography for delegating responsibility to compiler
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HISTORY
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1960 RC 4000 SYSTEM USES Microkernel approach
Commodore Amiga in 1985 use hybrid approach
Modern os uses Monolithic kernel
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