Operating in a World of Multiple Data Sources · • NRCS leads the efforts to acquire new...
Transcript of Operating in a World of Multiple Data Sources · • NRCS leads the efforts to acquire new...
Operating in a World of Multiple Data Sources
Glenn Bethel
USDA Remote Sensing Advisor
September 18, 2018
11 Agencies/Offices use imagery
History
• The USDA operational use of aerial photography dates back to the 1930’s. Flew 90% of US Farm Land by 1941.
• Imagery exploitation methodologies used within USDA have continued to evolve since the LACIE (1974-1978) and AgRISTARS (1978-1984) programs.
• In the 1980’s, in order to reduce latency, USDA/FAS processes the daily ground station tape to download Landsat MSS imagery. Although the tape contained the entire global acquisitions, FAS was only allowed to download imagery on the tape that we paid for. – No Orthos, georeferencing not great.
– No top of atmosphere or any atmospheric corrections
• We have come a long way!
Afternoon Orbit
AVHRR
MODIS
spatial resolution: 250m, 500m, 1000m
10 – 20 km swathspatial resolution: .5 - 1m
Commercial High Resolution Systems
spatial resolution: 1100m
2300 km swath
2700 km swath
USDA Vegetation Monitoring Satellites
2250 km swath
Proba-V
spatial resolution: 100 to 350 m
Spot 5/6spatial resolution: 5m, 20m
60 km swath
Landsatspatial resolution: 15m, 30m
Relative Ground Swath
DMC-2, Deimos-1
spatial resolution: 22 m
183 km swath
VIIRS
3000 km swathspatial resolution: 375m, 750m
600 km swath
Morning Orbit
AWiFS/LISS-3
spatial resolution: 56 m 737 km / 140 km swath
Sentinel-2
292 km swathspatial resolution: 10, 20, 60m
Non-US Satellite SwathUS Satellite Swath
https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/Default.aspx
PROBA-V Results Compared to AVHRRSame Date Range
14
MODIS-based Corn Yield Modeling Quantify Impact of Extreme Weather
Hail
Flood
Drought
MODIS Aqua NDVI Anomaly August 21 to August 28, 2018
Crop Mask used to focus information on cropland
Above Normal Crop NDVI
Below Normal Crop NDVI
By Processing the Time Series, we can relate current conditions with MODIS historic observations.
Above Normal Crop NDVI
https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Western Australia
Selected 4 LIS .25 degree cells for Graphs
All MODIS is processed allowing for Time Series analysis comparisons to Mean and Max NDVI
Selected 4 LIS .25 degree cells for Graphs
MuchBelow Normal Crop NDVI
https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
New South Wales
Confirming Condition with Sentinel-2
30 August 2018, Sentinel-2 (8, 4,3)
30 August 2017, Sentinel-2 (8, 4,3) 30 August 2017, Sentinel-2 (8, 4,3)
29 August 2018, Sentinel-2 (8, 4,3)
Western Australia
New South Wales
Australia Wheat: Forecast Production Revised Down
Bottom Line from World AgriculturalProduction Circular
• USDA forecasts Australia’s 2018/19 wheat crop at 20.0 million metric tons (mmt), down 1.3 mmt or 6 percent from last year.
• Harvested area is now expected to total 11.0 million hectares (mha), down 1.25 mha or 10 percent from last year.
• Expected yield is estimated at 1.82 tons per hectare, essentially the same as last year.
• Compared to last year – Production Down– Harvested Area Down– Yield about the same
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/production.pdf
9
2008 – 2017 freely available2008, 2009 reprocessed from 56m -> 30mhttps://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.phpThus, a consistently generated 10 year history of US crops at 30m resolution now exists
US Land Cover Mapping- Cropland Data Layer (CDL)
102017 CDLSouth-central
Nebraska
11
Agricultural areas Landsat 8 Sentinel 2a
DMC Deimos(USDA License)
DMC UK2(USDA License)
Resourcesat-2 LISS3
Multiple Cropland Data Layer (CDL) Imagery Inputs
Imagery for the entire grown season is downloaded and classified
USDA Aerial Photography
National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP)
Three 60cm StatesMost States 100cm
2018 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP)
60cm for all states other than Oregon.30cm Oregon
Most States 60cm End of 1 meter NAIP
Upgrades with Funding Source
STATE CONTRACTOR CCMs Stereo DSM
CA Leica Geosystems NRCS
CT Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
DE Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
IN Surdex Corporation NRCS
KY Surdex Corporation NRCS
MA Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
MD Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
ME Surdex Corporation NRCS NRCS NRCS
MI Surdex Corporation NRCS
MO Quantum Spatial NRCS
MS Leica Geosystems NRCS
STATE CONTRACTOR CCMs Stereo DSM
NC Quantum Spatial NRCS NRCS
ND Leica Geosystems NRCS
NE Leica Geosystems NRCS
NH Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
NM Leica Geosystems NRCS
RI Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
SD Leica Geosystems NRCS
TN Surdex Corporation NRCS FS
UT Leica Geosystems NRCS
VA Quantum Spatial NRCS FS
VT Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
WI Quantum Spatial NRCS
WV Quantum Spatial NRCS FS FS
CCMs = Compressed County MosaicDSM = Digital Surface Model
Upgrades
Compressed County Mosaics
• Acquired for all states.
• 1 MrSid File per County
• Easy to manage and deliver to federal, state, and local users.
• Staff bring most recent base imagery to the field
• NAIP has used CCMs since 2003.
Stereo Imagery Acquisition
• Acquired for 9 states.
• Delivered to funding partner.
• Not QC’ed by USDA/FSA/APFO.
• Evolutionary. Before NAIP, we used 9x9 contact prints for stereo exploitation.
9/14/2018 USDA RSCC 20
NRCS Easement ProgramsFrom 1992 to FY2017, NRCS has acquired easements on over 4.4 million acres on over 21,500 individual parcels for restoration and protection.
Remote sensing allows NRCS to make the most efficient use of staff time to accomplish monitoring requirements, and report the condition of stewardship lands annually on a fiscal year basis.
NRCS Stewardship Lands Imagery (SLI) standards:
• Direct digital New
• 15 cm (GSD)
• Orthorectified
• 4 Band (R, G, B, NIR)
• 8 bits per band (256 tonal values)
• GeoTIFF format providing natural color and Color infrared (CIR)
Stewardship Lands - Any easement where the U.S. is named as a grantee in the easement deed.
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/nra/dma/?cid=stelprdb1043930
Over 21,500 easements covering 4.4 million acres
3,665,375
acres will be
checked
using
imagery in
2018
Types of Features NRI Needs to Analyze with in-situ Observations and Imagery
National Resources Inventory (NRI)
Cropland
1st Stage Sample Map
25
2018 National Resources Inventory (NRI)
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/technical/nra/nri/
The 1997 NRI sample
contained over 300,000
sample segments and
800,000 sample points.
2018 National Resources Inventory (NRI)
Specifications:
• 1:7,920 scale, 6 inch (153mm) camera focal length,
• 9"x9" format vertical,
• color-negative aerial film
• resolution of 0.15 meters
• Digital scans are part of deliverable
Photo acquisition periods are established by state and geographic areas according to leaf-on or agricultural growing seasons and range from approximately March through September.
Where:
• Approximately 70,762 sites located in the 48 contiguous states;
• 344 sites in Hawaii,
• 473 sites in Puerto Rico/US Virgin Islands.
Photo acquisition periods are established by state and geographic areas according to leaf-on or agricultural growing seasons and range from approximately March through September.
• NRCS leads the efforts to acquire new DigitalGlobe imagery for Hawaii and the US Territories in
the Pacific Basin
• The imagery is mosaicked and packaged into a single GIS ready file per island.
• Imagery is delivered as one Mr. Sid compressed 3 band Natural Color file per Island.
• The licenses are upgraded to allow for public use.
• The imagery is used to implement USDA programs and interact with our customers.
• Multiple versions are available for time series analysis.
Hawaii and US Territories in the Pacific Basin
Hawaiian Islands Update
Orthoimagery Status, Version 4
September 2018
Niihau KauaiOahu
Maui
Lanai
Kahoolawe
Molokai
Hawaii
Island
- USDA has received updated imagery
for all of the Hawaiian in the last year.
- Imagery acquisition dates vary by island (2016-2018)
- USDA has processed, created preliminary compressed files
for two recent hurricanes. These datasets have been made
available to the Federal community for disaster Response.
They will be posted to the USDA Gateway.
- All Hawaiian Islands imagery is from DigitalGlobe WV2-WV3
and has the end user license upgrade to “Group >5”. This allows
the broadest possible usage. NGA and USDA funded the imagery
and license upgrades.
Oahu, Hawaii
DG-WV2
December, 2017
Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
DG-WV2
2016
Pacific Basin
One Mr. Sid compressed 3 band
Natural Color file per Island
Tutuila, American Samoa
DG-WV3
2017
System and Technology
• Movement to processing in the cloud. Use of AWS and Google Earth Engine (GEE).
– One Agency has contracted with GEE to allow operational processing of imagery.
– Minimizes the need to download imagery.
• Some agencies use of PII data as an input for compliance and classifications. This results in the need still download imagery and process locally.
– USGS Analysis Ready imagery or process to surface reflectance internally.
Qualitative or Quantitative
• Well calibrated imagery that is also cross calibrated is ideal.
• Correction to Surface Reflectance is now the rule rather than the exception.
• We can use uncalibrated imagery for certain applications.
– Sometimes being able to quickly obverse a target is more important than radiometric accuracy.
• NAIP is a great example. Not processed to surface reflectance.
– Each contractor has algorithms for haze removal and tone balancing.
Questions?