OPERA, LondonOPERA, London

25th November 200325th November 2003

ANGUS FIRE• Major fire protection player•• Leading fire protection group £900m• Angus globally ~ £80m t/o p.a.• Unique Core Technologies:

– layflat hoses– foam concentrates– foam & monitors equipt.– systems design

• Worlds largest mfr. of foam & covered hoses• Leader in both Protein & Synthetic foam

technology• Largest volume in Protein based products• World’s most advanced product is protein

based!

World HQ in UK

Technology Centre

8 Manufacturing Plants Worldwide, strong base in EC

Exporting globally to 120 countries

Extensive distributor/agent network

Strategic foam stocks: Europe/Dubai/Singapore

Group Cos. In Spain, Brazil & Argentina

USA/ Canada

UK ( 2)

South Africa Australia

France

Denmark

Global Presence

Belgium

Key Angus Customers OPC

– BP– Shell– Esso/Mobil– Texaco/Caltex– EGPC– RepsolYPF– Total/Fina/Elf – Ecopetrol– Agip– ADNOC– KNPC– PDO– Saudi Aramco– Veba– Statoil/Fortum

Pharmaceuticals GlaxoSmithKline Astra-Zeneca Ciba-Geigy Pfizer Du Pont

ChemicalsAkzoBayerRhone-PoulencNorsk-HydroBASF

ContractorsJGC Corpn.ChiyodaHyundaiKelloggFoster Wheeler

OthersEurotunnelBritish GasAviationCivil DefenceMilitary

Major projects• BP Colombia - £2m

– major tankageand jungle pumping stations

NODCO Qatar - £1.8m– major refinery

expansion, Floatafoams

Sonatrach Algeria - £3m– major LNG plant

upgrade

Shell Nigeria - £1m– 2 Colossus & 2km x 250mm dia. hose

Efficient Flammable Liquid Protection

• Fuel determines Foam choice– Hydrocarbon– Polar Solvent

• Application defines method– Deep seated (tank/bund)– Shallow spill (aviation)– Gentle - solvents– Forceful - fuel pick up risk

Foam Types• 50+ products

• Proteins v Synthetics

• 8 foam type categories

• Which most appropriate?

• Lots different suppliers

• Bewildering!

Key Strengths each Foam Type

Natural Protein-Based– high investment/complex process– good post-fire security on tanks– more environmentally gentle– low fuel pick-up

Synthetic Detergent-Based– easy to make– low investment cost– sweet smelling– fast knockdown on spills

Research: Protein + Synthetic• Angus Fire is the ONLY major mfr.

researching into BOTH technologies

• Also ONLY major mfr. with leading products in BOTH fields

•

• Also ONLY major mfr. promoting and selling more protein based than synthetic products

Customers reap benefits of NEW developments from BOTH technologies

AFFF Strength - Fast Extinction

Fuel

Aqueous Film

Fast on shallow spill fires

Breaks Down quickly, so POOR post-fire security

Not suitable for deep-seated fires like tanks/bunds

AFFF Weakness - Fire Crew Safety

“…foam blanket stability, burnback rate, and wicking action modify the relative degree of efficiency of AFFF on open spill fires…”

“The AFFF blanket should not be relied on to be permanent and should be renewed from time to time as the rescue operation proceeds”

Source: NFPA 403 (1978)

AFFF Weakness - Fire Crew Safety

“A serious concern I have about AFFF… leads to exposed film covered areas which may enhance ignitability of fuel vapour”.Bill SavageBAA Inspector of Airport Fire Services (1993)

FFFP: PetrosealMost Advanced Aviation Foam

Equivalent speed to AFFF, but NO flashbacks & better post-fire security

Now Superseding AFFF in aviation sector

FluoroProtein: FP70Plus/FP70

Heat & Flame resistant, no flashbacks

Minimised fuel pick-up when applied forcefully

Complex bubble structure - protects longer against re-ignition

Cost-effective fire protection

Refineries Airports

History of Foam DevelopmentAFFFFast FP

Secure

1960

1970

FFFPFast + Secure

AR-FFFPFast + Secure + Versatile

1980

1990AR-AFFF

Fast +Secure+ VersatileAR-AFFF

Fast +Secure+ Versatile

NIAGARAPolymer freeNIAGARA2000

Polymer free

Polar Solvents• More aggressive fuels• Mix with wWater Miscible• Attack AFFF/FP Foams

• Methanol• Ethers• Aldehydes• Ketones

AR Foams - How do they work?AFFF and FFFP versionsUsed on hydrocarbons and polar solventsFilms only form on hydrocarbonsFilm formation only on cool firesPolymer rafts only form on polar solvent fuels

Polymer raftseparates Foam from Fuel

3-6, 3-3, 1-3, grades

Polymer Technology

• Biopolymer• Water Soluble• Insoluble in Polar Solvent• Raft Barrier• Resulting foams are more

viscous• Until recently…

AR-AFFF Tridol ATF 3-6 / 3-3 / 1-3

• All UL Listed

• Stable in storage (+1.5°C,+60°C)

• Environmentally superior to most AR-AFFFs

– APE-free – glycol ether free

AR-FFFP: Alcoseal 3-6 & 3-3Municipal & IndustrialFire Services • UL Listed

• Superior heat and flame resistance

• Superior post-fire security

• Stable in storage (-3°C,+60°C)

• Low viscosity

• Environmentally superior to all AR-AFFFs

– natural protein base– detergent free– glycol ether free– low aquatic toxicity

Upgrade: Multipurpose Majority Brigades now using

protein based AR foams:

Growing mixed risks

Always correct foam

3% on everything

Firefighter safety

Environmental considerations

Existing AR foams good... BUT constantly looking to improve on:

Thickness in handling

Winter performance

Storage stability

Induction accuracy

Simpler proportioning

Reduced wastage

Easier vehicle usageTupras, Turkey 1999

AR-FFFP 3-3 Niagara• High fluidity

• Polymer-free

• Flows like water!

• No shear thinning

• Accurate proportioning

• Easy handling

• -18°C UL listing

AR-FFFP 3-3 Niagara • How does it WORK?

Polymer freeClever cutting-edge chemistryFluorocarbon surfactants “seal” every bubble!Fuel tolerant to mixed risksLife jackets instead of a life raftMaximum versatility

–– Think “teflon-coated” bubbles!

AR-FFFP Niagara• One foam…Many applications…

• 0.2-1% Class A & CAFS applications

• 1% Shallow hydrocarbon spills

• 3% Deep seated Hydrocarbon fires

• 3% Any Polar Solvent fires

• 3-6% Hazmat vapour suppression

Cutting edge polymer free technology!

Performance Characteristics

AR-AFFF AR-FFFPFP AFFF FFFPCriteria

Knockdown

BurnbackResistance

FuelTolerance

Environment

Foam Quality VariationAll generic foams are NOT the same!

“It is very important to realisethat within any category of foam the specific properties and performance of individual products can vary enormously”.

Environmental Issues

• Comprehensive Data

• Protein base = Lowest Environmental Impact

• Close Liaison with Environment Agency

• EA Advice - Avoid Detergents

Environment: Fluorine free

• After 3M withdrawal

• AFFF type performance without F

• Most FF foams are Class A/Wetting agents using 50 year old technology– Not UL 162 listed– Not ICAO approved– Highly fish toxic at even 1ppm levels

• Angus have a step down the path...

• Passed UL 162 fire tests (F&S)

• Exceeds UK Def 42-42 large

81m² fire performance test

• Certified ICAO Level A

• Meets EN1568-3:2000 Class 3B

• Works well on large fires (280m²)

• Better than any other FF product

• Runner up in Innovation of the Year award by FIC

Environment: Fish Toxicity

• OECD 203

• 24 - 96 Hour LC50

• Sensitive (Stenotopic)– Rainbow Trout

• Tolerant (Eurytopic)– Killifish

Fish Toxicity

Source: German Army

Crustacea Toxicity• OECD 202

• Acute Immobilisation Test

• 48 Hour EC50

• Water Flea (Daphnia magna)

Toxicity to Crustacea

Source: German Army

AFFF Toxicity - Detergent“Detergent is the most acutely toxic of the main foam constituents”

Source: UK Environment Agency

24 Hour LC50 < 20 mg l-1

AFFF Toxicity - Glycol Ethers

Glycol Ethers(AFFF)

Hexylene Glycol(FFFP)

1,500 (0.15%)

> 10,000 (1%)

LC50 (mg l-1)Foam Booster

Source: UK Environment Agency

AFFF - APE• Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate

• Necessary for Film-Formation in AFFF

• Oestrogen Mimic

• Poor Biodegradability

• Falling Sperm Count

• European Ban 2000

Environment: Aquatic Toxicity

3M ATC 3-6 (FC 600)† (! F500Fuelbuster)

3M ATC 3-3 (FC 603F)† (! Ansulite)

Angus ATF 3-6 LT§

Angus ATF 3-3 §

Angus Alcoseal 3-6 §

Angus Alcoseal 3-3 §

Angus Niagara 3-3 §

Fish Tox. LC 50

(96hrs)

1,700ppm (0.9ppm!)

>1,000ppm (250ppm!)

Waiting result

500ppm

3,300ppm

2,400ppm

2,830ppm

Daphnia Tox.

EC50 (48hrs)

2,800ppm

480ppm

3,000ppm*

10,700ppm

9,800ppm

10,000ppm

34,860ppmNB: † Fathead minnow (tolerant), § Rainbow trout (sensitive)*24hrs, All data concentrate

Biodeg.

(28 days)

60%

81%

84%

79%

93%

75%

95%

The higher the value the better the result!

Environment: Improved WWTP“AFFF fire fighting foam significantly disrupted a refinery’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)”.

Source: Industrial Fire Safety, Nov/Dec 92

Toxicity to WWTP Bacteria

Oil / Water Separators“Foams that contain detergent can mix with

the fuel itself and carry it into the water environment, giving rise to much higher oxygen demands in the water”Source: UK Institution of Water & Environmental Management

“The only solution for fire fighters is to avoid the use of foams that contain detergent”.

Source: UK National Environmental Technology Centre

Environment: Pollution RisksAR-AFFF

AR-FFFP & NIAGARA

Aquatic Toxicity

Glycol Ethers (foam booster)

APEs (film forming agent)

Tolyltriazoles (corrosion inhibitor)

Toxicity to WWTP Bacteria

Toxicity to Nitrifying Bacteria

Oil/Water Separator disruption

High Low

Present AbsentPresent Absent

Present Absent

High Low

High Low

High Low

Complexing Agents Present Absent

Tridol ATF

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

AbsentAbsent

Present

Present

Comprehensive Foam Package• 24hr/365 days Emergency Service

• Bulk emergency stocks

• Technical support - Foam/Equipment

• Foam Testing Service

• We’re here to help you!

SummaryAngus Foam Mission:

• A working partnership: Supplier/User/Insurers/Govt. agencies

• Product innovation & development

• “Best Value” - matching solutions to individual needs

• Total service

Fire ProfessionalsRegulators

Angu

sFi

re

The “Fire Triangle”