OpenStack Network Design using Cisco...
Transcript of OpenStack Network Design using Cisco...
OpenStack Network Design using Cisco
SolutionsShannon McFarland – CCIE #5245
Principal Engineer
@eyepv6
• Getting Started with OpenStack (DEVNET-1101)
• OpenStack Enabling DevOps (DEVNET-1104)
• OpenStack and OpenDaylight (DEVNET-1105)
• TECACI-2009 - ACI – The Policy Driven Data Centre
Other Sessions
• Introduction to OpenStack
• OpenStack Participation
• OpenStack Deployment Summary
• OpenStack Networking
• Cisco Integration into Neutron
• Advanced Neutron Considerations
• Conclusion
Agenda
Introduction to OpenStack
“OpenStack is a collection of open source
technologies delivering a massively scalable
cloud operating system” - openstack.org
OpenStack Projects
Compute (Nova) Dashboard (Horizon) Database (Trove)
Network (Neutron) Image (Glance) Orchestration (Heat)
Object Storage (Swift) Identity (KeyStone) Data Processing (Sahara)
Block Storage (Cinder) Telemetry (Ceilometer) Deployment (Triple O)
Bare Metal (Ironic) DNS (Designate) Application Catalog (Murano)
Containers (Magnum) Key Management (Barbican) Policy (Congress)
File System (Manila) Messaging (Zaqar) ….
OpenStack Participation
• Choice
• There is no one-size fits all option for cloud computing
• There is no single vendor who can fill all needs of a cloud stack – You will likely engage with multiple partners
• Community
• Open Source
• Community driven – Individual, organisational
• Better time-to-market and faster feature velocity
• Commercialisation
• Start with the ‘baseline’ OpenStack components
• Vendor opportunities for value-add integration on top of OpenStack baseline• Design, deployment, automation, operation, high-availability, applications, etc…
Why Does OpenStack Matter?
Cisco and OpenStack
• Cisco Validated Designs, UCSO
• Work closely and jointly with customers to design and build OpenStack environment
• OpenStack based Global Intercloud hosted across Cisco and partners data centres
• Metapod (Formerly MetaCloud)
• Neutron/Cinder/Ironic Plugins/Drivers for Cisco infrastructure – Nexus, APIC, CSR1K, ASR1K, UCS
• Cisco Applications on OpenStack
• Code contributions across several services – Network. Compute, Dashboard, Storage, Containers
Community Participation
Engineering
Partners/ Customers
Cloud Services
• Incubating new OpenStack related Projects – GBP, PlaceWise, AVOS, VMTP
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/data-center-virtualization/openstack-at-cisco/index.html
• Transport Layer Security
• Sub-ordinate certificate
feature
Kilo and Liberty release contributions lead by Cisco
Kilo + Liberty release
Gnocchi
Kolla
Magnum
Neutron
HorizonDevstack
Metering
Barbican
Heat
• Multiple IPv6 prefixes, IPv6 PD
• IPv6 router support
• VLAN trunking
• UCSM, Nexus driver
• ASR1000 driver
• CSR1Kv VPN driver
• Archive Policy per metric level
• New resources for Neutron PCI
Passthrough and Nova Flavor
• Heat template improvements
• Neutron IPv6 and L3
plugin support
• Kafka Publisher
• Alarms severity
• Network services notification
plugin
• Curvature panel
• Ceph panel
• Containers - Ceilometer, Mongo,
Neutron
• Container Sets - database-control,
messaging-control, service-control,
compute-control, compute-
operation-nova
• Kubernetes plugin
• Python API for k8s CLI
• Container Networking Model
OpenStack Deployment Summary
Common Enterprise Use Cases
• OpenStack, at least today, is targeted at modern day cloud native applications
• Sandbox environments
• A place to research, learn and test CI/CD processes
• PoC web applications along with ‘practicing’ the new DevOps methodology
• A place to learn the whole cloud deployment framework, document, train, move to production
• Development environments
• Using the lessons learned in the sandbox phase:• Build Dev, QA and production environments
• Apply CI/CD processes
• Slow-role Web application deployment either on ‘standard’ OpenStack or in conjunction with a PaaS deployment
• Data Processing environments – Big Data clusters, etc..
• Training systems – Cheap and fast to build and tear down for each class
• Revenue generating applications – Vertical applications
Telco’s are Turning to OpenStack for NFV
› Resource Allocation & Optimisation
› Resource Isolation
PLUGIN ESXi
OS NETWORK
FRAMEWORK
OS COMPUTE
FRAMEWORK
OS STORAGE
FRAMEWORK
NEUTRON
APINOVA API
SWIFT
API
PLUGIN
GLANCE
API
CINDER
API
PLUGIN
OS KEYSTONE
FRAMEWORK
KEYSTONE
API
Ce
ilom
ete
r
PLUGINLinux
COMPUTE STORAGENETWORK IDAM
Su
pp
ort fu
nc
tion
sPLUGINPLUGIN
Cloud Manager
Application Domain OSS
NFV Applications Enterprise Applications
› Real Time Response– Interrupt servicing
– OVS latency
› Networking– WAN orchestration
– VNF provisioning
› Carrier Grade Security– Multi-tenancy with end-to-end
isolation
› Software Management and Upgrade Support– Hitless & automated upgrades
› Backup and Restore– Automatic backup
› Audit and Trouble Shooting– Audit log, monitor
› Assurance:› High Availability– Mitigation of failures
– Fault monitoring and heath check
FirewallDPICDNWAN
AccelerationDNS
CarrierGrade NAT Session Border
Controller
PE RouterEPC
https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/TelcoWorkingGroup
AIOController/Compute/
Storage
AIO Controller:
- MySQL, MariaDB, etc
- RabbitMQ, Qpid, etc..
- API Endpoints:
- Keystone
- Glance
- Nova
- Neutron
- Cinder
- Heat
- Swift
AIOController
Compute/
Storage
Compute/
Storage
Compute
Compute
Storage
Storage
StorageCompute
AIOController
All-in-One (AIO) – Getting Started
Data Centre
Infrastructure
OOB
Compute
Network
Node(s)
AIO
Controller
Compute
Network
Node(s)
AIO
Controller
Compute
Network
Node(s)
AIO
Controller
Spine/Agg Layer
TOR(s) TOR(s) TOR(s)
Spine/Agg Layer
Block
Storage
Block
Storage
Block
Storage
AIO Controllers:
- Galera/MySQL
- RabbitMQ
- API Endpoints:
- Keystone
- Glance
- Nova
- Neutron
- Cinder
- Heat
- Swift
OOB OOBSLB
Infrastructure
Services
Build/PXE
Automation
DNS
DHCP
NTP
Logging
Object
Storage
Object
Storage
Object
Storage
All-in-One (AIO) Compressed HA
OpenStack Networking
What Really Changes in my Data Centre?
• OpenStack components live South of the Top-of-Rack switch
• Your existing DC, Internet Edge and BN architecture stays the same
• It’s about the compute, storage and orchestration/management tiers
• Your apps go largely unchanged
Serv
ices
AccessLayer
AggLayer
CoreLayer
UC
S C
-Se
rie
s UC
S B
-Se
ries
Enterprise/Internet
OpenStack Lives Here
Neutron Networking for Layer 2 Tenant Isolation
Layer 2
Networks
Tenant
Networks
Admin
Provider
Networks
VLAN
VXLAN
GRE
vSwitch
ToR, Fabric
vSwitch, ToR
vSwitch
Network Type
Network Segmentation Scheme for tenant isolation
Device implementing Network Segmentation Scheme
Direct Device
Configuration
Device Configuration
through Controller
Neutron driver
Provisioned
Externally
Layer 2 Network Tenant Topologies
Compute
Node
Compute
Node
VM3 VM4 VM2
vswitch vswitch
Data Network
VM1
Fabric Leaf, Top of Rack
Compute
Node
Compute
Node
VM3 VM4 VM2
vswitch vswitch
Data Network
VM1
Fabric Leaf, Top of Rack
Host and Network based VLAN
Host based overlays
Compute
Node
Compute
Node
VM3 VM4 VM2
vswitch vswitch
Data Network
VM1
Fabric Leaf , Top of Rack
Network based overlays
VLAN Overlay
Neutron Networking for Layer 3 and Network Services
Layer 3
Networks
Tenant
Routers
Admin
Provider
Networks
Linux Host
Service
VM’s
Provisioned
Externally
Network Type Device implementing Network Service
Direct Device
Configuration
Device Configuration
through Controller
Neutron driver
Service
Node,
Fabric
Compute
Node
vswitch
Layer 3 Tenant Network Topologies
Linux Host
Compute
Node
VM1
Network
Node(s)
VM2
vswitchvswitch
Data Network
Namespace
Service VMs
Fabric, Top of Rack
VM1
Compute
Node
VM2
vswitch
Data Network
Service VMs
Fabric, Top of Rack
Compute
Node
VM1
Network
Node(s)
VM
vswitch
Data Network
Fabric, Service Node
Fabric or Service Node
vswitch
Cisco Integration into Neutron
Neutron Layer 2 Default Implementation
Neutron Server
Neutron Core plugin
(ML2)
Network REST API requests
Open vSwitch/Linux
Bridge
Mechanism Drivers
Compute Node
Network and
Compute Nodes
VM VM
vswitchRPC message to agent on nodes
• Implements Neutron Core Resources
• Open vSwitch and Linux Bridge Mechanism Drivers
• Agents on Network and Compute Nodes
• Host based VLAN or Overlay (VXLAN, GRE) Type Drivers
Nova HostNova HostNova Host
Neutron Reference – East-West L2 (Switched) Traffic
VM1Controller
Host(s)
Router
Neutron
Host(s)
DHCP ports
API NetworkExternal Network
Management Network
VM6VM5VM2 VM3 VM4
Internet
vswitch vswitch vswitchvswitch
Data Network
PKT
Packet path animation for packet
traveling from VM1 VM3.
VM on a Compute
Nodes
Neutron Cisco Nexus Driver Features
• Works with multiple Nexus platforms
• VLAN configuration
• VXLAN configuration
• Nexus_VXLAN Type Driver
• Multicast
• VLAN to VNI association
Benefits
• No need trunk all tenant VLANs on compute node interfaces on ToR
• Dynamic provisioning/deprovisioningon ToR
• Network based overlays
Neutron Server
Neutron Core
plugin (ML2)
Cisco Nexus Driver
Ncclient
Nexus
Nova
Compute Nodes
create/update port request sent to Neutron
Nexus ToR
VM VMnetconf
VMs on Compute
Node
Neutron Cisco UCSM Driver (KVM)Features:
• Nova and Neutron enhancements to support SR-IOV
• Supports VLAN configuration of SR-IOV ports (using port profiles) and vNIC ports (using Service Profiles)
• Enables configuration of VLAN profiles and automatic association with network ports
Benefits
• SR-IOV and non SR-IOV based UCS Fabric Interconnect configurations
Neutron Server
Neutron Core
plugin (ML2)
Cisco UCSM driver
UCS Fabric
Interconnect
UCSM SDK
Compute Nodes
Nova
create/update port
VM VM
Neutron Routing Implementation
Neutron Server
Neutron Service
plugin (L3)
Routing REST API requests
L3 agent on
Network Node
L3 agent on
Network Nodes
Default Gateway,
Namespace and
IPTables
Namespace maps to a Neutron logical router. IPTableshandle address translations
Agent Scheduler
Picks a L3 agent on a Network Node
Compute Node
Compute Nodes
L3 traffic goes through Network node
VM VM
Neutron router HA capabilities using VRRP
Nova HostNova HostNova Host
Neutron Reference – East-West L3 (Routed) Traffic
VM1Controller
Host(s)
Router
Neutron
Host(s)
API NetworkExternal Network
Management Network
VM6VM5VM2 VM3 VM4
Internet
vswitch vswitch vswitchvswitch
Data Network
PKT
Routing
Packet path animation for packet
traveling from VM1 VM4
Virtual Router
Nova HostNova HostNova Host
Neutron Reference – North-South L3 Traffic (NAT)
VM1Controller
Host(s)
Router
Neutron
Host(s)
API NetworkExternal Network
Management Network
VM6VM5VM2 VM3 VM4
Internet
vswitch vswitch vswitchvswitch
Data Network
PKT
NAT
Packet path animation for packet
traveling from VM1 Internet
Virtual Router
Issues in Neutron Reference L3 and ASR1K Solutions
• NAT for External Connectivity:
• Issue - Scale limitation in Linux iptables software NAT
• Solution - ASR1K can scale up to 4 million dynamic NAT entries and 16K static NAT entries
• Tenant Routing:
• Issue - Scale limitations in Linux namespaces based software tenant networking
• Solution - ASR1K uses Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instances for tenant routers. ASR1K can scale up to 4k VRFs (8k in upcoming release)
• Tenant Networks:
• Issue- Scale limitations in Linux software based interfaces
• Solution - ASR1K plugin maps tenant networks to sub-interfaces on ASR1K. ASR1K supports up to 64k sub-interfaces
• Data Throughput:
• Issue - Performance limitations with software packet forwarding and NAT on generic compute hardware
• Solution - ASR1K can perform packet forwarding and NAT at rates up to 230 Gbps
Neutron Cisco ASR1000 for Neutron L3 Service• Mapping of Neutron reference L3
implementation -
• Linux namespaces - ASR1K VRF
• Internal Router ports – ASR1K VLAN or Port Channel sub interfaces
• External Gateway ports – ASR1K VLAN or Port Channel sub interfaces
• Linux IPTables – ASR1K NAT
• Benefits
• Routing using physical infrastructure
• Support for HSRP and Port Channel
Neutron Server
Neutron Service plugin
(L3)
Routing Device Driver
(ASR1K)
Config AgentCisco Config Agent
NexusASR1K
netconf
OpenStack Neutron + Nexus + ASR : Physical Topology Example Layer-3
Network Core
ASR 1000
Routers
OpenStack Controller
Neutron Server with
Cisco Config AgentNova Compute Nodes
Nexus Layer-2 Fabric
Tenant VLANs and
External Traffic
Management Network (NETCONF provisioning)
ASR1K
Neutron
Host(s)Nova HostNova HostNova Host
ML2 Nexus and ASR1K - East-West L3 (Routed) Traffic
VM1Controller
Node(s)
RouterAPI NetworkExternal Network
Data Network
(L3 routed)
Management Network
VM6VM5VM2 VM3 VM4
Internet
ML2 Nexus Driver
vSW vSW vSW
Nexus TOR Nexus TOR
ASR1K
L3
Plugin
VRF with default GW and NAT (to global routing).
PKT
Note : Packet animation included –
VM1 VM4
Virtual Router
ASR1K
Neutron
Host(s)Nova HostNova HostNova Host
ML2 Nexus and ASR1K - North-South L3 Traffic (NAT)
VM1Controller
Node(s)
RouterAPI NetworkExternal Network
Data Network
(L3 routed)
Management Network
VM6VM5VM2 VM3 VM4
Internet
ML2 Nexus Driver
vswitch vswitch vswitch
Nexus TOR Nexus TOR
ASR1K
L3
Plugin
VRF with default GW and NAT (to global routing).
PKT
Note : Packet animation included –
VM1 Internet
Virtual Router
ACI Integration with OpenStack• Multiple OpenStack Driver Options:
• APIC native Group-Based Policy
• Neutron ML2
• APIC VMM Domain support for OpenStack
• Endpoint statistics, health, faults in APIC
• Hypervisor local enforcement security policies
• Security Groups (ML2 driver) via IP Tables
• Group-Based Policies via OpenFlow in Open vSwitch
• Distributed NAT support on each compute node
• Floating IP
• sNAT (via hypervisor host IP)
• Distributed Neutron services per compute node
• L3 / Anycast gateway, metadata, DHCP
• Multiple VRF support
• Support for VLAN / VXLAN to ACI fabric
OpFlex
Proxy
OpenStack Controller
Hypervisor
vm1
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
vm2vm5
vm4
vm3
OpFlex
Agent
APIC Driver
V(X)LAN
Open
vSwitch
New ACI + OpenStack Design Guides
• Cisco ACI with OpenStack OpFlex Architectural Overview: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/1-x/openstack/b_ACI_with_OpenStack_OpFlex_Architectural_Overview.html
• Cisco ACI with OpenStack OpFlex Deployment Guide for Red Hat: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/1-x/openstack/b_ACI_with_OpenStack_OpFlex_Deployment_Guide_for_Red_Hat.html
• Cisco ACI with OpenStack OpFlex Deployment Guide for Ubuntu: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/1-x/openstack/b_ACI_with_OpenStack_OpFlex_Deployment_Guide_for_Ubuntu.html
Opflex Extends ACI to Hypervisor
Pre-OpFlex Implementation OpFlex + OVS
Native neutron approach using Open vSwitch Agent
OpFlex Agent directly manages Open vSwitch and integrates with APIC
• VLAN per Network /
Group to ToR
• VXLAN within ACI
• Physical domain in ACI
• No APIC GUI
integration
• Supports unmodified
OVS, OVS agent
• VLAN or VXLAN per
Network / Policy Group to
ToR
• OpFlex Proxy runs in
leaf, OpFlex agent
manages OVS
• Hypervisor-local traffic
has policy, switching,
routing handled locally
• VMM domain, GUI
integration with APIC
• Distributed support for
NAT, metadata server
proxies, DHCP
OpenStack Controller
Hypervisor
vm1
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
vm2vm5
vm4vm3
OVS
Agent
APIC Driver
VLAN
Open
vSwitch
OpFlex
Proxy
OpenStack Controller
Hypervisor
vm1
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
vm2vm5
vm4vm3
OpFlex
Agent
APIC Driver
V(X)LAN
Open
vSwitch
OVS Driver
ACI Plugin Options
OpFlex
Proxy
OpenStack Controller
Hypervisor
vm1
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
vm2vm5
vm4
vm3
OpFlex
Agent
APIC
Driver
V(X)LAN
Open
vSwitch
Group-Based
Policy
GBP policy and
NAT enforced
via OpenFlow
OpFlex
agent
receives
policy from
ACI leaf
OpFlex proxy
receives policy
from APICVLAN or VXLAN
between
hypervisor and
ToR
APIC Driver
converts GBP
to APIC
policyACI fabric
provides
distributed L2,
L3, and security
enforcement
OpFlex
Proxy
OpenStack Controller
Hypervisor
vm1
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
vm2vm5
vm4
vm3
OpFlex
Agent
APIC
Driver
V(X)LAN
Open
vSwitch
IP tables used
for security
enforcement
OpFlex agent
receives policy
from ACI leaf
OpFlex proxy
receives policy
from APICVLAN or VXLAN
between
hypervisor and
ToR
APIC Driver
converts
Neutron to
ACI PolicyACI fabric
provides
distributed L2
and L3
IPTables
APIC ML2 Driver Group-Based Policy
VMs on Compute
Nodes
Neutron Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) Driver
Neutron Server
Neutron Core
plugin (ML2)
Cisco L2
APIC Driver
APIC
VMs on Compute
Nodes
Cisco L3
APIC Driver
ACI Spine/Leaf
Switches
REST APINetwork:EPG, Router:Contract
Provides distributed L2,L3 functionality
Neutron L3
Plugin Neutron API: Network, Router,
Subnet, Security Group
L2 / L3 enforced in fabric,
security groups enforced on
hypervisor
Demo
OpenStack integration with Cisco Solutions SummaryPurpose Using Cisco Product Code Availability
Network Layer 2 Virtual Switch Nexus 1000v OpenStack Juno
SR-IOV UCS Fabric Interconnect Cisco OpenStack Juno Plus Tech Preview
Physical Switch Nexus OpenStack Juno
DHCP IPAM Prime Network Registrar Not upstream yet
Network Layer 3 Virtual RouterCloud Services Router 1000v
OpenStack Juno
Physical Router ASR 1000 Not upstream yet
Network ServicesVirtual Firewall and VPN
Cloud Services Router 1000v
Firewall - Cisco OpenStack Juno Tech PreviewVPN - Cisco OpenStack Juno Plus Tech Preview
Network Layer2, Layer3, Services
ControllerApplication Policy Infrastructure Controller
APIC L2 - OpenStack JunoAPIC L3 - OpenStack Juno
Declarative Policy ModelGroup Based Policy Framework
Group Based Policy StackForge Juno
Advanced Neutron Considerations
The Hard Stuff – IPv6 + Cloud• Inside of a private cloud stack you have a lot of moving parts and they all ride on IP:
• API endpoints
• Provisioning, Orchestration and Management services
• Boatload of protocols and databases and high-availability components
• Virtual networking services <> Physical networking
• IPv6 has been available with OpenStack for awhile but it has depended on a lot of backports and custom patches to be functional
• Kilo offers the best ‘out-of-box’ support yet – but still needs more work
• Tenant IPv6 Address Assignment via:
• SLAAC, Stateful DHCPv6, Stateless DHCPv6
• Two common approaches for IPv6 support:
• Dual-Stack everything (Service Tier + Tenant Access Tier [Tenant management interface along with VM network access])
• Conditional Dual stack (Tenant Access Tier only – API endpoints & DBs are still IPv4)
Cloud Stack – IP Version Options
API endpoints
Service Tier
Database(s)
Automation
Interface
(GUI, CLI)
VM Operating
System
Tenant
Access Tier
Virtual
Networking
(L2/L3)
Virtual
Network
Services
(SLB/FW)
Tenant
Interface
(GUI, CLI)
Dual-Stack Everything
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
API endpoints
Service Tier
Database(s)
Automation
Interface
(GUI, CLI)
VM Operating
System
Tenant 1
Access Tier
Virtual
Networking
(L2/L3)
Virtual
Network
Services
(SLB/FW)
Tenant
Interface
(GUI, CLI)
Conditional Dual-Stack
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4/IPv6
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4/IPv6
Tenant 2
Access Tier
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
VM Operating
System
Virtual
Networking
(L2/L3)
Virtual
Network
Services
(SLB/FW)
Tenant
Interface
(GUI, CLI)
Network Function Virtualisation
Tenant ACompute
Node
Compute
Node
VM1
Network
Node(s)
VM2 VM1
vswitch vswitchvswitch
Data Network
Namespace
10.1.0.4 10.1.0.5
10.1.0.1 10.1.1.1
10.1.1.4
Admin provisioned Service
Compute
Node
Compute
Node
VM1 VM2 VM1
vswitch vswitch
Data Network
10.1.0.4 10.1.0.5
Tenant provisioned Service
Service
VM
10.1.1.4
• Issue
• Anti-spoofing rules to ensure traffic originates and terminates as expected
• Doesn’t work for NFV VNF use cases
• Solution
• Added Port Security Extension• Adds new “Port Security enabled” attribute to
Network and Port Resources
• Only tenant owner can set this attribute on the resources
• Security Group and Allowed Address Pair are not allowed to be set
• Issue
• VXLAN for tenant isolation and VLAN for app traffic isolation within the tenant
• No means to identify VLAN transparent networks
• Solution
• Added Network Resource Extension• Adds new “Vlan Transparent” attribute to Network
Resource
• Only tenant owner can set this attribute on the resources
• No firewalling on VLAN tagged packets
Neutron and NFV
Conclusion
• OpenStack is for real and maturing at a rapid pace
• Many different players involved and it is evolving rapidly
• Align yourself with market leaders who have strong partnerships
• Installation is still tough but getting better
• Keep your design simple and reduce/remove technical debt wherever possible – it can kill your upgrades and scale out plans
• Get involved in the community – open source enjoys the major advantage of feature velocity
Q & A
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