Opening

You are the ruler of an ancient land. Write down at least 5 rules you

would enforce in your land. Put answers in your NOTEBOOK FOR

A GRADE!

Do Now

Please answer the following questions:

1) Name the two rivers that created the Fertile Crescent.

2) What modern country makes up the present day Fertile Crescent? (Hint US war)

3) Define the term cultural diffusion. 4) Name two inventions from the

Sumerians?

A View of Egypt by Satellite

A View of Egypt by Satellite

Nile River

Yearly flooding of the Nile brought the water and rich soil to Egypt.

The Nile flows north. Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”.

The Fertile Nile Valley

The Fertile Nile Valley

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Ancient Egyptian History

Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame

Nile Culture Begins

3900 B. C. E.

Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.

Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.

Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.

New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.

Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.

Greek Ptolemaic Era

332 – 30 B. C. E.

Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Upper and Lower Egypt

Narmer: The Unifier -Narmer or Menes unified the two

kingdoms around 3,000 B.C. -He created Egypt's first dynasty.

(rule by one family)

Pharaohs

Pharaohs were considered gods by the Egyptian people.

They were the rulers of Egypt. This type of government is called a

theocracy (rule by religious leaders).

Pharaohs were the center of religion as well as the government and army.

Total control!!!!

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E.

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Opening

IN YOUR NOTEBOOK ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS!!!

1)Name the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia.

2) Name the river the runs through Egypt.

3) Who was the head of the government in Ancient Egypt?

4) True or False: Polytheism is the belief in many gods.

Pyramids

They were the final resting place for the pharaoh and family.

Ka was the eternal life force of the pharaoh that would still be apart of the government.

Pyramids showed the strength of the Egyptian civilization= economic and technological strength.

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid Complex

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

The Valley of the KingsThe Valley of the Kings

Egyptian Culture

Polytheistic= belief in many gods. Top three gods: Re-----the sun god Osiris---- god of the dead

*Isis------- the ideal mother and wife

***** Egyptians believed in an afterlife- They believed they would be judged

for their deeds.

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:

“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:

“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus

Preparations for the Underworld

Preparations for the Underworld

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

Mummification

Royals and elite Egyptians were mummified.

Drying the corpse to prevent decaying.

Materials Used in Mummification

Materials Used in Mummification

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.Queen Tiye,

wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Journey to the Underworld

Journey to the Underworld

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh

in his tomb.

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh

in his tomb.

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final JudgementThe Final Judgement

Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants

in the Afterlife

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants

in the Afterlife

Life in Egyptian Society

Top= King, queen and the royal family Then=other members of the upper class

(gov’t officials, priests, army commanders)

Next= Middle class (merchants and artisans)

Bottom= Lower class (farmers , laborers and slaves)

Imagine society like a pyramid.

Do Now

Please answer the following questions:

What is mummification? What is an afterlife? What was the purpose of pyramids?

Society cont.

You were not locked into your social class.

Could move up through marriage or success in their jobs.

To gain high status you had to read and write.

Women had many same rights as men.

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian NobilityEgyptian Nobility

Egyptian Priestly ClassEgyptian Priestly Class

Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe

Ancient Egyptian Housing

Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class

HomesMiddle Class Homes

Peasant Homes

Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Egyptian Writing

Hieroglyphics- the writing system in Egypt.

First written on stone and clay but then to papyrus. (paper like)

Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper

Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant

Hieratic Scroll Piece

Hieratic Scroll Piece

Hieroglyphic

“Cartouche”

Hieroglyphic

“Cartouche”

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols

Rosetta Stone

A stone found in 1799 with three writings on it.

Hieroglyphics, a simpler form of hieroglyphics and Greek.

**** This stone gave clues to what the meaning of the hieroglyphics were.*******

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone 1822Champollion & the Rosetta Stone 1822