Opening Question (12/6/10) Name and describe the three social

classes of both Athens and Sparta

ATHENS SPARTA

1. Ishmael Discussion Board #9 is due Sunday!!!!!2. Ishmael Discussion Board #8 was due last night… 3. World Sim Activity #2 (Economic Plan) is due next Wednesday

(12/15)

Ancient GreeceThe Persian War, Age of Pericles, and the Peloponnesian War

SOL Objectives WHI.5 d) evaluate the significance of the

Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. WHI.5 e) characterize life in Athens during

the Golden Age of Pericles

Instructional Objectives WHI.5.7 – Describe the causes, key events,

and effects of the Persian War WHI.5.8 – Describe the characteristics of the

Golden Age of Pericles WHI.5.12 - Explain the causes and results of

the Peloponnesian War (ca. 431 – 404 B.C.) on Greece

PERSIAN WARS – 499-450 BC (CAUSES)

1. King Cyrus of Persia conquers Greek colonies on Asia Minor 546 BC

1. Set up tyrants to rule Greek City-States on Asia Minor2. Remember that Greeks value their freedom

2. Athenians aided rebelling Ionia (Asia Minor) against Persian rule (Ionian Revolt)

1. did it in order to preserve Greek trade routes2. Angered the Emperor Darius and he wanted to secure the

safety of his empire by defeating the rest of Greece

3. Persia still won and wanted to punish the Athenians and the other Greeks

1. First Darius and then his son Xerxes will attempt to conquer Greece

Persian Wars (Key Events)1. Persian ruler Darius invades mainland Greece

from the north in 492 BC Persians conquers the city-states of Thrace and Macedonia They also conquer several other City-States and force others to

remain neutral or ally with them

2. Athenians meet the Persians at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC Athenians and allies Plataeans are outnumbered but still

managed to win Had better armor, the Phalanx formation, and something to

fight for

Key Events (Persian Wars – Xerxes)** After the Defeat at Marathon, Darius pulled back his forces

from Athens and Greece. His son Xerxes I, takes control in 486 BC determined to honor his fathers memory.

* He gathers the largest force he can to invade Greece (over 100,000 soldier and several hundred ships)

* He is met at the Thermopylae Pass by the Spartans in 476 BC

* The Spartans are able to hold the pass for days due to their disciplined fighting style

* Persians won but the Spartans bought time for the rest of Greece to prepare

* Athens is evacuated and the Greek fleet moves itself to the straight of Salamis

Naval Battle of Salamis(480 BC) and the Battle of Plataea (479 BC)

1. Athenians move fleet to Salamis Strait and decide to meet the Persian fleet there Persian fleet greatly outnumbered the Greek fleet Greeks used the strait to make the Persian number of ship useless

They decisively destroy much of the fleet Xerxes moves a large part of his army out of Greece after this

2. The remainder of the Persian Army meets a coalition of Greek City-States at Plataea in 479 BC

* Greeks handily defeat the rest of the Persian Army thus eliminating the threat of the Persians ever conquering Greece

* Greeks will start to take the offensive after these two battles

Significance and Effects of the Persian Wars

First time the Greek City-States unite (Sparta and Athens forced to work together) Ends Persian threat of Greek freedom

Greeks completely control Aegean Sea **Delian League formed (Headed by Athens and not

Spartans) in 478 BC became the basis of Athenian empire by 450 BC Athenian independence preserved and continued innovation in

government and culture (No Democracy without this victory) Spartans develop their own league (Peloponnesian League)

Athens and Sparta compete for control and influence over Greece

GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES

Who was Pericles? Athenian leader who was a great general,

orator, and statesman Lived from 495- 429 BC (During his life Athens

reached the height of its power) Athenian Democracy expanded

Threat of banishment for non-participation in government Rights of Citizenship are expanded – no women or slaves still

3 Main Goals of Pericles1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy

1. Pay Public Officials – They will do better if they do

2. Athens truly becomes a direct democracy

2. To hold and strengthen the Empire1. Used Delian League money to build a strong navy

3. To Glorify Athens1. Money was used to rebuild the Parthenon and

support artisans to beautify Athens

GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES

1. Occurs b/w Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

2. Athens and Parthenon rebuilt 3. Athenians controlled Aegean Sea4. Greek City-States had to adopt

Athens system of weights and measurements

5. Athens came to dominate the Delian League and had to constantly work to maintain control

End of Day Question (12.3) Name two causes of the Persian

Wars Name two major Battles and

what happened. Name two effects of the Persian

Wars