Opener: 9/3 - #4COPY and answer the following:1.List 5 things that come to mind when you think about Africa.

2.Briefly describe the “relative” location of Africa on the world map.

3.Describe Africa’s size in terms of other countries and/or continents.

THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Factors of Isolation

1. Almost all unbroken and irregular coastlines…few natural harbors for ships to anchor for trade and exploration.

2. Most rivers have falls and rapids because of the elevation – people could not sail up the rivers to explore.

3. The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. Prevents movement between northern Africa and southern Africa.

Plateau Continent with Escarpments and Rift Valleys

• Most of the continent is 1000 ft above sea level!

Escarpment—steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top

Great Rift ValleyRift valleys—places on the Earth’s surface where the

crust stretches until it breaks

Sahara Desert

• The largest desert in the world!!

• The name Sahara comes from the Arabic word for “desert.”

• Occupies 1/3 of the continent and is still growing…

Desertification:—a process by which a desert spreads

DroughtOvergrazingOveruse of land

Sahel—a transition zone between the dry areas in the north and the tropical areas of the south

• Sahel means “shore of the desert” in Arabic

• High temperatures but more rainfall than the desert

Kalahari Desert

• Located in Southern Africa – covered by reddish sand, lies between the Orange and Zambezi rivers

*No Major Mountain Chain!*Major Highlands:

Ethiopian Highlands/ Plateau, Mt. Kilimanjaro

Major Highlands• Ethiopian Highlands were created because of

volcanic eruptions long ago• Mt. Kilimanjaro is an inactive volcano.

Let’s Compare…

Peak of Stone Mountain1,686 feet

Mt Kilimanjaro 19,341 feet

Lakes Most lakes are precious water sources and have

high population density around them.

• Lake Victoria is the largest African lake.

• Lake Chad is shrinking because of its location.

• Lake Chad

Lake Victoria

RiversMajor Rivers: Nile, Congo, Zambezi, Senegal, Niger, Orange

The Congo River

Most African rivers contain many

waterfalls, making them useless for transportation.

Victoria Falls:• Two times the height of Niagara Falls

– On the Zambezi River

Nile River

• The longest river in the world!!

• It is formed by two rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile, and flows northward!!

• Lake Victoria is the major source of the Nile River.

Let’s Compare….• From the west coast

of the U.S. to the East coast of the U.S. – 2,700 miles!

• The Nile is 4,160 miles long!

Sacramento Washington D.C.