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1Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Extending the TRIZ Methodology to Connect Engineering Design Problems to
Biological Solutions
Jonathan Weaver1, Darrell Kleinke1, and Terri Lynch-Caris2
1 University of Detroit Mercy Mechanical Engineering Department2Kettering University Industrial Engineering Department
2Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Outline
• The Need• Triz from 35,000 ft• Handling Physical Contradiction• Handling Technical Contradiction• Blending Biomimicry and Triz• Conclusion & Invitation to Collaborate
3Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
The Need
• Some engineers are versed in TRIZ and routinely apply its methodologies when trying to innovate
• Others look to nature for inspiration• Both approaches can be effective, yet very few are well-
versed in both approaches• We propose a framework to extend the TRIZ
methodology to point engineers to not only relevant man-made examples, but also to potential inspiration from nature
4Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
TRIZ from 35,000 feet
• Tough problems typically involve contradictions• A contradiction can be either physical or technical• Physical contradiction involves a conflict between two
mutually exclusive physical requirements to the same parameter of an element of the system (i.e., an element should be hot and cold)
• Technical contradiction involves a conflict between characteristics within a system whereby improving one parameter of the system results in deterioration of another parameter (i.e., increasing power also increases mass)
5Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Handling Physical Contradiction
• Altshuller recommends considering four principles:– Separation of contradictory properties in time or on
condition– Separation of contradictory properties in space– System transformations (or separation between the
parts and the whole)– Phase transformation, or physical-chemical
transformation of substances
6Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Approach for Handling Technical Contradiction
• Using the set of 39 engineering parameters, state the contradiction in the form improving [first parameter] causes deterioration of [second parameter]
• Use the Contradiction Matrix to identify which of Altschuller’s 40 Inventive Principles seem most likely to assist in resolving the contradiction
• Study past manifestations of the suggested inventive principles and try to tailor a solution to the problem at hand
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Your Problem Your Solution
Generic Problem Generic Solution
The Direct Path Can Be Elusive
TRIZ: The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
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39 Engineering Parameters
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40 Inventive Principles
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Portion of the Contradiction Matrix
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Our Approach to Blending Biomimicry and Triz
• The proposed Bio-TRIZ methodology would automatically connect anyone utilizing the TRIZ methodology to potentially relevant biological inspirations.
• Rationale: innovators applying the TRIZ methodology are likely to come up with a richer, stronger, and more diverse set of product concepts if they are simultaneously presented with inspiring biological examples of relevant inventive principles alongside the classical manmade examples and patents.
• The proposed approach will be outlined first for resolving physical contradiction, then for resolving technical contradiction.
12Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Manmade and Natural Examples of Principles for Resolving Physical
Contradiction
13Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Separation of Contradictory Properties in Time or on Condition
Manmade Example• Contradiction: Glasses lenses
should be clear and dark• Solution: lenses become dark on
condition of UV exposure
Biological Example
Source: speceye.com
• Contradiction: Pine cone should contain seeds and release them
• Solution: Scales on the cones open when dry and close when damp helping to maximize the dispersion of the seeds (Dawson et al., 1997)
Source: science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/plant-terms/conifer-info.htm
14Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Separation of Contradictory Properties in Space
Manmade Example• Contradiction: Bandage should be
sticky (away from the wound) and not sticky (on the wound)
• Solution: Bandage has adhesive around perimeter of non-sticky pad
Biological Example
Source: briskinfor.com
• Contradiction: Human teeth should be sharp (for cutting) yet flat (for mashing)
• Solution: Sharp incisors and flat molars
Source: skeletonmodels.com
15Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
System Transformations (or Separation Between the Parts and the Whole)
Manmade Example• Contradiction: A bicycle chain
should be rigid yet flexible• Solution: Make the individual
links rigid but the whole chain flexible
Biological Example• Contradiction: Chameleons
want to be camouflaged (for safety) yet highly conspicuous (for attracting a mate)
• Solution: They constrict cell levels of various pigments to get the desired effect
Source: arthursclipart.org
Source: true-wildlife.blogspot.com
16Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Manmade and Natural Examples of Principles for Resolving Technical
Contradiction
17Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 1. Segmentation
Manmade Example• Venetian blinds replace solid
shades
Biological Example• Nanostructure of blue penguin’s
feathers scatter light to give apparent color
Source: tminarik.com
Source: www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/66.asp
18Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 3. Local Quality
Manmade Example• A Swiss Army Knife where each
part fulfills a different and useful function
Biological Example• Nanostructure of blue penguin’s
feathers scatter light to give apparent color
Source: amazon.comSource: wksu.org
19Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 17. Moving to a New Dimension
Manmade Example• A computer mouse that can move
in space rather than on a surface
Biological Example• The crossbill’s mandibles cross at
their tips facilitating extraction of pine cone seeds when they open their bill (Wikipedia: Crossbill, 2011)
Source: www.popsci.com/node/9600
Source: birds.cornell.edu
20Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 18. Mechanical Vibration
Manmade Example• Vibratory parts feeder
Biological Example• Leaf cutter ants use vibration to
stiffen the leaves for easier cutting
Source: w25.indonetwork.co.id/pdimage/18/8149
18_img_1074.jpg Source: http://www.richard-seaman.com/Insects/CostaRica/LeafcutterAnts/LeafcutterAntWorkersCuttingALe
af.jpg
21Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 22. Convert Harm to Benefit
Manmade Example• ShockWatch indicators break if
package is handled roughly during shipping
Biological Example• Monarch caterpillars eat
milkweed that is poisonous to most predators – and store that poison to make themselves poisonous to others (AskNature.org: Monarchs, 2011)
Source: shockwatch.com
Source: fnpsblog.blogspot.com
22Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 28. Replacement of a Mechanical System
Manmade Example• Optical computer mouse replaces
mechanical mouse
Biological Example• The feet of aphids appear to
adhere to surfaces using capillary adhesion (AskNature.org: Aphids, 2011)
Source: mouserena.com Source: abbotlab.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/aphid2.jpg
23Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 29. Use Pneumatics of Hydraulics
Manmade Example• Air shocks in automobiles
Biological Example• Spiders have muscles to flex the
joints but none to extend them. They extend their legs by pumping fluid into them. (Asknature.Org: Spiders, 2011)
Source: performancetruckllc.com/82601l.jpg
Source: cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2006/Tarantul
a.jpg
24Biomimicry Tools NCIIA 2012
Principle 30. Flexible Film or Thin Membranes
Manmade Example• Space blankets
Biological Example• Butterfly wings achieve visual
color without pigment using thin layers (Imod Display, 2011)
Source: www.rei.com/product/407106/space-all-
weather-blanket Source: www.presentationtek.com/images/colorful_butterfl
y.jpg
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Conclusion
• The authors believe that the proposed approach can help engineers routinely connect to appropriate biological inspirations
• We would welcome collaboration with anyone interested in furthering this work