Open to your Homework Any questions? · amylase • breaks down starch (in saliva & intestine)...
Transcript of Open to your Homework Any questions? · amylase • breaks down starch (in saliva & intestine)...
Open to your Homework Any questions?
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Carbohydrates Lipids ProteinsFunctionExamples
Monomer Structure (illustrate)PolymerPolymerization reaction
Dietary Sources
Test for presence?
Other?
Enzymes
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CH 4 …demonstrate an understanding of the structures & functions of biological moleculesI can…
- describe the chemical structure of enzymes
- describe the mechanisms of various enzymes
We are learning to…
Enzymes• biological catalysts • Are proteins speed up chemical reactions
without being consumed
Build an Enzyme.
Enzyme Action• enzymes bind to specific reactants called
substrates • substrates bind to active sites on enzymes,
forming the enzyme-substrate complex
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Induced-Fit Model
• the “lock and key” hypothesis - early model
• in the “induced-fit” model, the enzyme alters its shape to better “fit” substrate
Lock and Key
Induced Fit
Example: Sucrase
What reactions do these enzymes catalyze?
lactase • breaks down lactose (sugar found in milk) amylase • breaks down starch (in saliva & intestine) Alcohol Dehydrogenase • breaks down alcohol (in the stomach and liver)
Cofactors and CoenzymesSome enzymes require: • cofactors - non-protein molecules or inorganic
ions (often metals) – Bind to enzymes to promote function
• coenzymes - organic molecules (derived from vitamins or minerals) – often act as shuttles delivering molecules
from one enzyme to another. (NAD+)
Cofactors
Factors AffectingRate of Enzyme Activity
• temperature • pH • enzyme concentration • substrate concentration
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How would you set up a lab to determine…
1. If temperature affected amylase activity?
or
2. If pH affected amylase activity?
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We are learning to…CH 3 …investigate the chemical structures, functions,
and chemical properties of biological moleculesI can…
- plan a lab related to a cell process
- conduct a lab related to a cell process
- report results in an appropriate format