Open Suburban shopping mall

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Final stage of shopping malls before the development of modern shopping malls.

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Open air Suburban MallsApril 21, 1950, Northgate Shopping Mall opened at NE Northgateway at 5th Avenue in Seattle Planned by Rex Allison and Ben B. EhrlichmanDesigned by John Graham.First open-air mall.

First open-air mall.Established the principle of: Shops being arranged either side of a long linear pedestrian walkway. Became the model for the other suburban malls.

Plan of the Northgate mall (present-day)Shoppers World, designed by Morris Ketchum, in1951 in MassachusettsSafe and protected pedestrian malls and courts Also housed :Chapels community rooms art exhibits, dances, and fashion shows.

First shopping center to have a musical water fountain show. Original Shoppers' World-torn down in 1994Rebuilt as a modern, U-shaped stripmall.

Northland Shopping Mall

Combination of housing + shopping center Large population. Victor Gruen designed Northland shopping center First suburban open-air shopping facilityLocation: outside Detroits urban core, opened in1954.

Designed as a cluster of shops around a central department store with three pedestrian streets .Different than classic dumbbell plan.

Parking

In 1974, The Northland was enclosed as a mall, except Gruens Fountainhead Court left open-air.

Northland MallGruens FountainheadEnclosed Suburban Shopping MallVictor Gruen, an Austrian architect attempted to redesign the suburban mall. Recreate the complexity and vitality of urban experience without noise, dirt and confusion.

Southdale Center, Mineapolis

Identified shopping as part of a larger web of human activities integrated with cultural enrichment and relaxation. He saw mall design as a way of producing new town centers or what he called shopping towns.

First fully enclosed and environmentally controlled shopping centreWith the progressive air-conditioning systemLargest center of that time with two levels of shops.Surrounded by decked parking, providing direct pedestrian access to both levels of the centre .

Inside, Gruen created an atmosphere of leisure, excitement, and intimacy Placed works of art, decorative lighting, fountains, tropical plants, and flowers throughout the mall.

Concert at Southdale CourtThe two types of mall plans: Dumbbell Clusterwere established in the early 1950s with the suburban malls.Dumbbell plan:Separates building masses, Circulation directed along linear pathways. Cluster plan:Bundles building masses into groups.Circulation as a network ofintersections.

Today, most of the contemporary malls plan share characteristics of both types.CONCLUSION