Open standards: A success factor for smart cities

®

OGC

Open Standards: A Success Factor for Smart

Cities

Dr. Ingo SimonisDirector, Interoperability Programs & Science, OGC

July 2015

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 2

Shennan Avenue, Shenzhen, 1980ies Shennan Avenue, Shenzhen, 2014

Dehli, Metro 2004 Dehli, Metro 2015

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*2020 figures are based on forecasts. Source: AMI based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011

Revision.

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4

Today, 70% of global energy is consumed in cities

Today, 60-80% of GDP is generated in big cities

By 2050, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities

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The bigger the city, the more of everything

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Creativity

Health facilities

Innovation

Culture

Education

Markets

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incr. Trans-

portation

Congestion

Pollution

Diseases

Housing shortcom

.

Crime

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Creativity

Health facilities

Innovation

Culture

Education

Markets

incr. Trans-

portation

Congestion

Pollution

Diseases

Housing shortcom

.

Crime

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Science of Cities

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No two cities are the same

No universal solutions

Keep pace with urban development

Keep pace with changing conditions

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Aim to meet and exceed EU 20% CO2 reduction goal

Increase energy efficiency & use of renewable

Voluntarily commitment by local/regional authorities

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Smart Cities utilize ICT to increase quality of life for their inhabitants

while providing sustainable development

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How does ICT help?

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Data is the oil of the 21st centuryNeelie Kroes, EU commissioner for digital agenda

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Smart City Sensor Model

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Consumers & Producers

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20

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Smart Mobility

Smart Governance

Smart Living

Smart People

Smart Environment

Smart Economy

ICT: Bricks & Mortar

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Enterprise

Management

Supervision

Field

Control

Vertical Setup

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Spatial Smart City Enterprise ComponentsBased on ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities

City Sensor Webs

Sensor networks

Crowdsourcing

Phones, Wearables

Sensing Layer

Analyticsand Models Metadat

a

Catalogs, Semantics

BusinessLayer

Visualization and Decision Support

PopulationData

Data Access

Geospatial Data

DataLayer

Data Ingest and Quality Checking

OtherData

Enterprise

Data

Urban/Municipal Database

Economic

Data

HealthApplicationLayer

Intelligent buildings

Intelligent transportation

Open data

Environmental Protection

Public safety and security Urban planning

UtilitiesEmergency Services EducationSanitation

Elected Officials

PublicMunicipal Employees

Clo

ud

hoste

d re

sou

rces

Secu

rity S

yste

m

Smart City Information Enterprise

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Levels of Detail

Diagram: Filip Biljecki, TU Delft

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Perspectives

Copyright © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Science of Cities

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Science of Cities

diverse domains

levels of detail

many protocols

diverse requirmn

ts

diverse models

legal constrain

ts

phases & changes

…

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Open Standards

diverse domains

levels of detail

many protocols

diverse requirmn

ts

diverse models

legal constrain

ts

phases & changes

…

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© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 29http://mwpdigitalmedia.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1a.jpg

Boring…

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Benefits: German DIN Study

• Standards promote worldwide trade, encouraging rationalization, quality assurance and environmental protection, as well as improving security and communication.

• Standards have a greater effect on economic growth than patents or licenses.

• Standards facilitate procurement• Standards create “Markets”

• "Economic Benefits of Standardization" • Benefits to German economy of 17 billion Euros

in 2010!(c) 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Benefits: NIST (USA)

“…the annual cost of waste due to inadequate interoperability among computer-aided design, engineering, and software systems in the construction industry to be $15.8 billion...”•

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What is a Standard?

• “An agreed way of doing something”


EC: Practical standards guide for researchers - en

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What is a Standard?

• “An agreed way of doing something”

• Standards are the distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter and who know the needs of the organizations they represent – people such as manufacturers, sellers, buyers, customers, trade associations, users or regulators.

• Standards are knowledge. They are powerful tools that can help drive innovation and increase productivity. They can make organizations more successful and people’s everyday lives easier, safer and healthier.


EC: Practical standards guide for researchers - en

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Types of standards?

• Formal or “De Jure”

• Informal or “De Facto”

• Private


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Types of standards?

• “De Jure” (ISO, CEN, DIN, AFNOR, ANSI, …)– Through National Representation (NSB)

– Types:• National (NS), European (EN): CEN

• International Standards (IS): ISO


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Types of standards?

• “De Facto” (IEEE, SAE, OGC, OASIS, W3C, …)– Organisation or individual representation

– Consensus process

– In Technical Committees


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Types of standards?

• Private– E.g. ESRI Shape file

• Not based on consensus


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Types of standards?

• “De Facto ”and “De Jure” work together– In the Technical Committees

– For OGC, that is ISO/TC211

– (Fast Track Procedure)


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Geospatial Standards and Profiles

ISO/BSI

ISO 19103 ISO 19107 ISO 19108 ISO 19111 ISO 19115 ISO 19123 ISO 19136/19139

ISO 19152 - LADM

ISO 19156 – O&M

PAS Smart Cities

OGC IHO/ICAO/WMO/....INSPIRE

National/City Data Model

Smart service 1 Smart service 2 Domain specific

model 1Domain specific

model 2

S-57/ S-100

AIXM 5.1

Network Model

Buildings

Addresses

........

CityGML

SWE Common

BIM

Future extension

GML Coverages

Information Viewpoint

Source: Carsten Roensdorf, Ordnance Survey

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Spatial information is pervasive and primary

• Geography Markup Language (GML) – the international XML standard for spatial data on the web.

• CityGML - open data format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models and semantics

• IndoorGML - modeling indoor spaces for navigation purposes.

• LandXML - civil engineering and survey data for land development and transportation

• Building Information Models (BIM) using ISO, BuildingSmart and OGC standards

Source: Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

Information Viewpoint

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CityGML Standards Family

• CityGML Standard– Version 2.0 – current adopted version – Version 3.0 Standards Working Group underway

• INSPIRE Data Specification on Buildings – Buildings Theme as in Annex III of the EU INSPIRE Directive– 3D representations of buildings using CityGML– Basis of visualization of noise mapping

• National 3D standard in The Netherlands – OGC Best Practice: CityGML ADE - Dutch 3D Standard

• Additional profiles are underway– 3D National Data Model for Kingdom of Bahrain

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Understand, Integrate, Develop

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OGC FutureCity [email protected]

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Ingo Simonisisimonis @ opengeospatial.org

Open standards: A success factor for smart cities

Technology

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