Open Science - Free Science for a free Society
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Stefan Kasberger@stefankasberger
OPEN SCIENCEFree Science for a free Society
Go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for licence details.
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What is Open Science?
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Problem!
ResearchQuestion Methods
Hypothesis
TestHypothesis
ExperimentsCase Studies
PublishPeer Review
„Science is a systematic
enterprise that builds and
organizes knowledge in the form
of testable explanations and
predictions about the universe.“
– Wikipedia
Science
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Open Definition:“A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike.”
Openness
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Open Definition compatible:● Creative Commons by
● Creative Commons by-sa
● Creative Commons Zero (Public Domain)
byAttribution
saSharealike
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Pillars of Open Science
Research4 pillars, as defined by Kraker et al. (2011):
● Open Data
● Open Source
● Open Access
● Open Methodology
● + Open Peer Review
Education
● Open Educational Resources
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Open Data
● Data: files and databases
● Corporations, Administration
● Science: raw data, processed data, Linked
Open Data
● Problem: Privacy
data.gv.at
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Free & Open Source
● Free & Open: source code and file formats
● Licenses: GPLv3 & Free-BSD
● Science: utilize software and write source
code
reputation→● Pioneering in collaborative working,
versioning, agile project management
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Open Methodology
● Science as a Practice
● Open Culture and open licenses: Get out of the ivory
tower
● Science: process of open innovation, gets attention,
early feedback mistakes can be recognized and →
corrected earlier
● Problems: effort, no standards, process varies
depending on discipline
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Open Methodology
Data Code
Inquiry PublishResearch
Content
HypothesisProblem Paper Publikation
Content Content
ExperimentsCase-Studies
etc.
ReviewTypesetting
literatureMethods
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Open Peer Review
● Ensure quality of scientific work
● Blinded / Unblinded
● Staged?
1.Editors
2.Comments
3.Web
● Altmetrics
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Open Access
Publications
● Free
● Machine readable
● Online
● Immediately
arXiv.org
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Open Access
ResearchFinanced publicly
Scientific publicationProporty of publisher
LibraryFinanced publicly
public
„The 15 year old pupil Jack Andraka invented a new method for early diagnosis of cancer: 26.000 times cheaper, 90 percent more efficient and 168 times faster than any other method.“– Welt
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Open Access
● Gold Way: primary
publication
● Green Way: parallel
publication (embargo?)
or self-archiving
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Developments
● In recent years: enormous increase in turnover of
publishers, e.g.: Elsevier, Nature, Springer
2012 & 2013
● The Cost of Knowledge by Tim Gowers
● Institutes: Harvard, TU München
● Governments: USA, UK, EU (Horizon2020)
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Open Access Austria
● FWF: Open Access Policy
● OANA: Open Access Network Austria
2 top-ranked Journals are Open Access
● Viennna Yearbook of Population Research
● Living Review in European Governance
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Open Educational Resources
● Free teaching and learning materials: books, images,
web, software, data, operating systems, etc.
● TU Graz: OER Strategy
We need free people &
technologies for the
future!
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Why Open Science?
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Reproducibility
Reinhart & Rogoff● Excel-Sheet error● 3 countries not included in
model
„A Bayer Healthcare team published work showing that only 25% of the academic studies they examined could be replicated. (Prinz et al. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 712, 2011)“– Forbes
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Efficiency
● Minimize redundancies
● Re-usability of data, code and content
● More innovation
● Faster dissemination
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"However, several critics emphasize that one person can never possess enough knowledge in order to judge complex situations expediently, and that it may be more appropriate to use the collective wisdom of crowds." – Hayek, F. von: Die Anmaßung von Wissen
Complexity / Interdisciplinarity
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"It‘s always the other author(s) who publishes too much and “pollutes“, “floods”, “eutroficates” the literature, never me." (Braun and Zsindely 1985)
Technology
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Do It Yourself
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→ Open Science as basis
Crowdsourcing
● GalaxyZoo
●
Crowdfunding
● Sciencestarter
Citizen Science
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Do Open Science on your own
Research
● Publish papers, dissertation, etc.
● Release data and source code
Academia: course works, bachelor and master theses
Workshops & Hackathons
Politically: universities, student unions, departments,
etc.
→ Open Science Projekt & OKFN Österreich
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Open Science Working Group @ OKFN Austria
● Today: meeting of working group 6pm
Wissensturm Linz
● Focus 2013: Open Access
● Open Science Manifesto
● Hackathons
● MeetUp's : every four weeks
● okfn.at/arbeitsgruppen/open-science-austria/
● Open Science Mailingliste!
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https://github.com/skasberger/OpenScience-presentations
Knowledge is shareable!
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All trademarks and product names mentioned in this presentation are registered trademarks of the particular producer respectively corporation.
Slide 1: Open Science Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Science_Logo.jpg● Author: G.emmerich● license: CC BY-SA unported
Slide 3: Quote Science @ Wikipedia● Source: Wikipedia● URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
Slide 4: Quote Open Definition● Source: OKFN● URL: http://opendefinition.org/
Slide 4: Tin Can Bild● Source: http://www.goldenswamp.com/2008/08/21/science-online-and-open-begins-to-replace-crazy-old-model/● Author: Golden Swamp● License: CC BY US
Slide7: 4 Pillars of Open Science by Kraker et. al (2011)● Source: The case for an open science in technology enhanced learning; Kraker; Derick Leony; Wolfgang Reinhardt; Günter
Beham; International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning (IJTEL), Vol. 3, No. 6, 2011● URL: http://know-center.tugraz.at/download_extern/papers/open_science.pdf
Sources & References
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Slide 8: Linzer Harbor (background)● Data Source: CC-BY-AT-3.0: Stadt Linz - data.linz.gv.at
Slide 9: Linux Tux Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.svg● Author: Larry Ewing, Simon Budig, Anja Gerwinski● License: The copyright holder of this file allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is
properly attributed. Redistribution, derivative work, commercial use, and all other use is permitted.
Slide 9: Quantum GIS Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:QGis_Logo.png● Author: Anita Graser● License: CC BY-SA unported
Slide 9: Open Source Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opensource.svg● Author: Converted from file at http://opensource.org/trademarks by en:User:Brighterorange● License: CC BY 2.5 Generic
Slide 14: Quote Jack Andraka● Source: Die Welt ● URL: http://www.welt.de/gesundheit/article113630589/15-jaehriger-Schueler-revolutioniert-die-Krebsmedizin.html
Slide 18: Open Educational Resources Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Open_Educational_Resources_Logo.svg● Author: Jonathasmello● License: CC BY 3.0 unported
Slide 20: Quote Forbes● Source: Forbes ● URL: http://www.forbes.com/sites/brucebooth/2012/09/26/scientific-reproducibility-begleys-six-rules/
Slide 20: Photo Carmen M. Reinhart● Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carmen_M._Reinhart_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2011.jpg● Author: World Economic Forum● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic
Slide 20: Research Cycle● Source: http://ency.cl/File:Research_cycle.png● Author: Cameron Neylon● License: CC BY 2.0 Generic
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Slide 21: Plasma Lamp (background)● Source: http://opencage.info/pics.e/large_9892.asp● Author: opencage.info● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic
Slide 22: Linked Open Data Graph● Source: https://secure.flickr.com/photos/okfn/5684212276● Author: OKFN● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic
Slide 23: IBM Blue Gene Supercomputer● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_Blue_Gene_P_supercomputer.jpg● Author: Argonne National Laboratory's Flickr page● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic