Open Innovation: A Research Agenda

Joel West

World Open Innovation Conference

December 4, 2014

2006 agenda

• Multiple levels of analysis– Individual: least studied– Organizational: most studied• Not-for-profit unstudied

– Value network and ecosytems– Industry/sector– National institutions

• Incentives (to create, to participate)

Source: West, Vanhaverbeke, Chesbrough (2006)

2014 agenda

Four papers offer 2014 research agenda:•West & Bogers, J. Prod. Innovation Mgmt.•West, Salter, Vanhaverbeke & Chesbrough, Research Policy•Chesbrough & Bogers, Ch. 1 of New Frontiers in Open Innovation•Vanhaverbeke, Chesbrough & West, Ch 15 of NFOI

See: blog.openinnovation.net, 27 Oct 2014

1. Levels of Analysis

• Individual/group (West & Piller, 2014)• Project (Du et al, 2014; Vanhaverbeke et al, Ch. 6

of NFOI)• Firm/organization: still most studied• Network, ecosystem: (West Ch. 4 of NFOI)• Community (West & Lakhani, 2008)• Industry/sector: (Christensen, 2006)• National/supranational (Chesbrough &

Vanhaverbeke, 2011)• Today: Session 3-2 (ecosystems)

Source: West et al (2014), Vanhaverbeke et al (2014)

2. More on Integration

Research on inbound open innovation •Emphasizing 1st step: sourcing– Search– Enabling/filtering– Acquiring

•Missing 2nd and 3rd step– Integrating– Commercializing

Source: West & Bogers (2014)

3. Better measurement

• Previously:– OI originated with case studies– Many CIS studies spawned by Laursen & Salter (2006)– Patent data (e.g. Fabrizio, 2009)

• Opportunities for– New to the world measures (e.g., Dahlander &

Piezunka, 2014)– New to OI measures (e.g. Belderbos et al, 2014; Du et

al, 2014)• Today: Session 2-2 (does OI pay?)

Source: West et al (2014)

4. Tie to extant theory

• Salter: Open innovation “did not itself seek to directly align to existing underpinning theories in these fields”

• Vanhaverbeke & Cloodt (Ch. 14):– Link of OI “funnel” to the role of the firm– Transaction: less costs, more value– Less resources, more relational– Importance of dynamic capabilities– Open innovation as real options

• Today: Session 2-1

Source: West et al (2014), Vanhaverbeke et al (2014)

5. Nonpecuniary motivations

• Identified early (Chesbrough, SMR 2003; West et al, 2006)

• More general model of nonpecuniary: inbound and outbound nonpecuniary flows (Dahlander & Gann, 2010)

• NGO, GO apply OI in a different way (Chesbrough and Di Minin, Ch. 9 of NFOI)

• Today: Di Minin (3-1)

Source: West et al (2014)

6. Role of Appropriability

• OI inspired by Teece (1986) framework• Key reality for pecuniary modes (West, 2006;

Dahlander & Gann, 2010)– What is the role of informal appropriability?

(Laursen & Salter, 2014)• Blending of OI and non-proprietary “open”– Openness as a profitable OI strategy (Henkel et al,

2014)

• Today: Session 3-1 (IP); Wadhwa (1-1)

Source: West et al (2014)

What’s Next

• Semi-open wine (and beer)– Drink tickets– Cash bar

• 6pm next door (in lunch room)• 12 poster sessions• Comment on a poster, get a ticket