Open for learning workshop score in july 2011

Background – Understanding OERs

What are Open Educational

Resources (OERs)?

Image © David Silver 2009Released under creative commons licence:

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/66267550@N00/3232753660

What are Open Educational Resources?

1. Educational materials that are made freely available over the internet

2. Available for use and adaptation under an open (creative commons) license

3. Do not provide a qualification or access to University staff

Pioneered by MIT in 2002

Make resources available from all courses

OpenCourseWare Consortium

Approximately 150 members

UK: Nottingham, Open University, Oxford (maths)

[email protected]

Workshop Objectives…

Discovering Open Educational Rresources (OER) and images

Re-using and attributing OER and images appropriately

Exploring the processes and licenses involved in creating and publishing Open educational Resources (OERs)

Investigating benefits and barriers to using and publishing OERs

Image © Bill Moseley 2008Released under creative commons licence:


Topics and Methodology…

Discussion

Hands on exercises

Background

Publishing

Creating

Using

Discoverability

Time to play and practice

Demonstration

Why this workshop?…

Share knowledge gained from involvement in UKOER project / U-NOW / Open Nottingham

Develop open content literacy to support content discovery, use, re-use and new content makers and sharers

(Information pack)

Background – Understanding OERs

The Internet as a public place?

What assumptions do you make about

what is appropriate?

Image © Don Solo 2008Released under creative commons licence:


Internet as a Public Place

Making material available on a publicly accessible web site implies permission to perform activities necessary to view it

Placing material on the internet does not imply the granting of permission to adapt, distribute or copy the work for other purposes

Misapprehension that the internet is somehow a gateway to the 'Public Domain‘

Benefits

“A positive student experience depends on having access to resources. Students and academics will benefit from this move to make more content available.”

David Sadler, Higher Education Academy Director of NetworksQuoted in JISC press release

Why is Nottingham involved?

Why is Nottingham involved?

Social responsibility Excellence in education Promotional opportunities Internationalisation Cost efficiencies

OER Initiatives and Investment

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation UNESCO OECD OER Africa HEA and JISC UKOER Programme U-Now, UoN Podcasts, SONET, and ItunesU,

UoN Channel, Test Tube and Eduhub on YouTube, XPERT and BERLiN projects at UoN

UoN module framework approach

Open Educational Resources (OERs)

Types and Examples Full courses Course/Module Handbooks Lecture notes, presentations, readin

g lists, syllabus, timetables Tests and assignments Themed course materials Re-usable Learning Objects (RLOs)

SONET

Simulations SimSHARE Second Life and UoN

Audio, Videos, Images Open Access journal articles Textbooks

Licensing OERs

Licensing is an essential part of OER process: goes beyond making content ‘only’ viewable to

the public

It embodies the full ethos of “openness”

Alternative legal frameworks have been devised by Legal Experts in area of new media

What are creative commons licences?

“Creative Commons is a non-profit organisation – founded 2001

making it easier for people to share their own and build upon the work of others

free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry

CC provides free, easy-to-use legal tools (creativecommons.org)

“Their tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardised way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work.

The Creative Commons licenses enable people to easily change their copyright terms from the default of “all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved.””

CC Licenses work alongside copyright

“Creative Commons licenses are not an alternative to copyright. They work alongside copyright, so you can modify your copyright terms to best suit your needs.”

CC have a no rights reserved option

“For those creators wishing to opt out of the copyright altogether, Creative Commons helps them do so by providing tools that allow you to place your work as squarely as possible within the public domain — a “no rights reserved” alternative to copyright.”

Exponential Growth

2001Creative Commons founded.

2003Approximately 1 million licenses in use.

2004Estimated 4.7 million licensed works by the end of the year.

2005Estimated 20 million works.

Exponential Growth

2006Estimated 50 million licensed works.

2007Estimated 90 million licensed works.

2008Estimated 130 million CC licensed works. New Nine Inch Nails album released under CC.

2009Estimated 350 million CC licensed works. Wikipedia migrates to CC Attribution-ShareAlike as its main content license

Creative Commons

Licence options Attribution ShareAlike Non Commercial Non-Derivative Versions Regionalised or

Unported

Six Licences

Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK:England and Wales (BY-NC-SA)

OER Discoverability… finding materials and resources you can use now

Search Engines

OERRepositories

Subject Curators, Commons

Institutional Repositories

Images, Videos & Podcasts

Learning Portals, Platforms &

Networks Tips

OER Discoverability – Institutional Repositories

UKOER Projects – full list of participants U-Now – Nottingham Open Exeter Oxford

OpenSpires or Mathematics OpenCourseWare OTTER - Leicester Open University

OpenLearn or LORO – Languages University of Catalonia MIT JHBS - Public Health Utah State OCW Carnegie Mellon

OER Discoverability-Subject Specific Curators

UKOER Projects - full list of participants Humbox - Humanities True Project – Economics Gees project - Climate Change

(for resources search JorumOPEN for ‘GEESOER’) National Science Digital Library (NSDL) Engineering Pathway SMETE Digital Library – Science, Maths, Eng,

Technology BiosciEdNet (Ben) DLESE – Earth System Education eLangdell – Education commons for law schools

OER Discoverability -Gateways, Portals, Platforms & Networks

Open University LabSpace

Open Courseware Consortium (OCWC) list of members

OER Commons Connexions Temoa Owl Institute Creative Commons

OER Discoverability -Gateways, Portals, Platforms & Networks

Curriki: US initiative Wikiversity Educommons – COSL, Utah State

University ‘Content Management System’ Content Directories SlideShare AuthorSTREAM Scribd Other slide and presentation sharing sites

OER Discoverability –General OER Repositories

OpenJorum – UK initiative Jorum userguides

MERLOT – US initiative LORN – Australian Flexible

Learning Framework Globe

Ariadne

OER Discoverability –Search Engines

XPERT DiscoverED Google – advanced search Yahoo – advanced search Free Learning (Google Search) OER Commons (Google Search) University Learning=OCW=OER=Fre

e (Customised Google Search)

OCWfinder – COSL

Discoverability – Summary

Many sources for finding OERS

Some resources will appear in several places for maximum exposure

Differences exist between repositories, collaboration and learning platforms and search engines

Differences Degrees of openness or freedom

Use for own research and study Copy once for personal use Educational use only Use within own server or university walls Use by subscribers only – eg some image sources Non Commercial v commercial use Can’t use in web/online type publication Closed v open format types

Some sites offer a mix of access & avenues for contribution, collaboration, remixing

Differences Logins/Registration often on sites. Always check licenses attached to resources – can

vary too Some Peer Reviewed Coverage – institutional, national, international,

subject specific, for particular audience Different searching options Method of contribution varies Open CourseWare, Reusable Learning Objects,

Wiki artefacts, Powerpoint, Document etc

Exploration Activity One

Explore search engine or repositories of choice

Is there material available that could support learning objectives?

What are the positives and negatives that you experience?

OER Discoverability – Images

FlickrCC or via Flickr Google Images Welcome images Wikimedia Commons

or here too Creative Commons Sea

rch Fromoldbooks.org Freedigitalphotos.net FreePhotosBank

UoN Image bank University of Minnesota

Image bank OpenClipArt Library Microsoft ClipArt

Microsoft Office Online

Cadyou Dryicons

OERImages bookmark for more……..

OER Discoverability – Images

XPERT Media Search Searches media asserted by third parties to be

either in the public domain, licensed under Creative Commons or GNL licence

Embeds relevant licence, copyright details in team blog posts or student blogs, powerpoint, Xerte toolkits etc

OER Discoverability – Audio & Video

UoN Podcasts OpenSpires ITunes and ITunesU YouTube Eduhub UoN video channel on YouTube British Universities File and Video Council

(BVFVC)

Discoverability Tips – Audio & Video

BUFVC TV and radio recordings licensed for web not necessarily Creative Commons

BUFVC support around copyright and licensing of moving picture resources

YouTube – beware as not all has been made publicly available legitimately

For more information see this tutorial exercise and associated video

Discoverability Tips - Images

Placing something on the internet for public access is not the same as permitting online published content to be copied, adapted or republished in an OER

Licenses attached to material must be read carefully and complied with – different requirements

Degrees of freedom Beware licenses granting permission for

‘educational purposes’ – may restrict use within a ‘closed environment’ only.


Locating copyright free images Sites claiming to provide copyright free images

almost always include a disclaimer regarding copyright status of images contained on site

No guarantee supplier is copyright owner Subscription based sites unlikely to permit

redistribution within OER which will be accessed by non subscribers


No License attached? Does the publisher own the copyright? – Do not

assume this! Do you have the right to (re)use it in the same way

within an OER? Who is the copyright holder? Some websites do not acknowledge third party

licensed images – Which license applies? Copyright protected images may have been included

without permission – This is an infringement which will lead to further infringement if copied

OER Use and Re-use

Citing and Referencing Attribution

Localising &Customising

OERsIn Action

Citing, Referencing and Attributing OERS

When referencing or attributing UoN OERs - examples are provided in our OER terms of use

When referencing or attributing others - check their licence, legal code or terms of use for information

In the absence of any guidance: Creative Commons FAQ on topic

OER Re-UseLocalisation or Customisation

Many sites offer options and facilities for download

Adapting, modifying or remixing OERs to meet local teaching and learning needs

Wider than changing language or swapping photos

Adapt pedagogy, politics, geography, level, discipline

OER Re-UseLocalisation or Customisation

Is at the very heart of Open Educational Resources - exemplifying diversity, openness and reusability

Share back modifications made under same licence

Re-using or remixing OERs which include 3rd party material licensed under different terms to resource check terms of use/inclusion you may need to clear use on a similar basis yourself

OER Re-Use in ActionCase Studies

"Bye the Book: My year of teaching environmental science without a textbook"

Burn and Grade Guru – student produced OERs

Students and OER – student collaborations and OERs in the classroom

Foundations in evidence based practice – includes links to SONET RLOs

OER Use in ActionCase Studies

Radio feedback – in Spain SPSS case study Division of International

Communications iTunes U as inspiration OER Africa – Kenyatta University and

other projects

OER Use in ActionCase Studies Schoox.com: Greek initiative Peoples-uni: UK initiative, capacity building

in public health University of the People – US initiative

An experiment? Peer to Peer University (P2PU) Computer Science: Course content OER University – Canadian, NZ, Australian

University initiative

OER Use in ActionCase Studies Reusable Learning Objects in Health Care Education

in Interprofessional E-Learning and Collaborative Work: Practices and Technologies.

Nursing students – empirical evidence of enhanced learning and re-use Reusable learning objects - Chemistry Addressing difficult subjects Workshop delivery or self study routes Students recommend use to other students In press: British Journal of Educational Technology

OER Use in ActionCase Studies

Facilitating students’ use of existing mechanics resources Addressing high failure rates 1st year UG

FlexBooks - Reducing cost of textbooks for K-12 schools

OER stories – UNESCO OER case studies – Creative Commons Do you have any of your own to share?

Creating OERS

Top Tips

PublishingUsing

Quotations

Incorporating images

Tools and Methods

OER Creation

Repurpose

Create from new

Use an e-learning development tool Xerte Online Toolkits – Demo Exe, Glowmaker

Educommons Wikieducator – tutorial Wikiversity

Creating Open Educational Resources. OER produced by Open University

OER Creation

What do you think the

issues are?

OER Creation - General Points

• Easier to avoid issues by creating from new and designing in openness from the beginning.

Repurposing material/content you have already will need fully sanitising – data protection, fully sourced and copyright cleared 3rd party material

Material you have repurposed for inclusion on VLE will need further repurposing for open publication

OER Creation - Using 3rd Party Materials (Images, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps, Quotes…)

Onus on institution to ensure images used have been lawfully included

Providing source information to avoid plagiarism is not enough

Lawful inclusion means using own, copyright free, copyright expired, copyright cleared, copyright licensed (with publisher agreement as appropriate) material. Steps to IPR clearance

Quoting from others “fair dealing” - insubstantial use

OER Creation - Using 3rd Party MaterialsQuotations – insubstantial use

No specific exemption in copyright, but case law suggests that insubstantial use is ok, if:

Less than 400 words of continuous text from a book.

Less than 800 words of discontinuous text from a book, providing no part is more than 300 words (remember this is qualitative as well as quantitative – so quoting one line giving away the murderer from a whodunnit book would very likely be viewed as copying a substantial part of the work).

OER Creation - Using 3rd Party Materials(Images, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps….)

Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4Best Practice: Avoid using, remove or use own Use those with Creative Commons (BY-NC-SA) or Public Domain

(PD) licence Can incorporate material with alternative licence Identify copyright owner, source and license with link if possible Include © or word “copyright” Make the terms of use clear to the user Un-licenced (CC or PD) material requires explicit clearance Document usage of all 3rd party materials and store in

accessible place

OER Publishing

Submit to Learning Team for inclusion in U-Now Exposure to Jorum Open, XPERT, OCW, OER Commons Statistics on number of hits (in U-Now) Greater changes of discoverability

Publish materials to web, on wiki, blog, slideshare and Licence appropriately

Submit to OER Commons Submit to OpenLearn If created by Xerte Online Toolkits select to

publish openly to XPERT

OER Publishing Licence Incompatibility

License incompatibility means:

content that is licensed under a particular license cannot be combined with content licensed under certain other licenses

a user might not be able to combine OER that come from different sources, even though both are "Open" Educational Resources.

authors publishing under an open licence to make them as widely accessible and as easily adaptable as possible may occasionally be thwarted in their aim

See the UNESCO licence incompatibility table for more info

OER Courses and Tutorials

Creating Open Educational Resources by the Open University

OER Commons Wiki Introduction to OER by Utah State University Introduction to Open Educational Resources by

Connexions UNESCO OER Toolkit Integrating OER into the Classroom Internet for Image Searching JISC OER Infokit OERWorkshops bookmark for others

Exploration Activities

Introduction to European Politics for Language Students, work through the pack:

Ensure that the pack is appropriate for release as an OER

Add correct attribution where appropriate/replace with creative commons or public domain

Free time to work on you own resources/search

References

Atkins, D.E., Seely Brown, J. & Hammond, A.L., (2007). A review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement: Achievements, challenges and new opportunities. Report to The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Available at: <URL: http://www.oerderves.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/a-review-of-the-open-educational-resources-oer-movement_final.pdf>

Beggan, A., (2010). Opening up: Staff attitudes to open learning. Report to JISC UKOER Project. Available at: URL:http://unow.nottingham.ac.uk/focus_groups.pdf>

Cormier, D., (2009). Open Educational Resources: The implications for educational development (SEDA). Available at: <URL: http://davecormier.com/edblog/2009/11/24/open-educational-resources-the-implications-for-educational-development-seda/>

Tapscott, D. & Williams, A, D. (2010). Innovating the 21st Century University: It’s time!. Educause Review Jan/Feb, p. 17-29. Available at: <URL: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM1010.pdf >

Links to Documentation

University of Nottingham Staff Focus Groups

University of Nottingham Staff Survey

OER Africa Feedback on what makes an effective resource and repository

The BERLiN Project Final Report

This work pack will be made available under creative commons licence in the near future and the location will be sent to you once it has been published

Open for learning workshop score in july 2011

Technology

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