Open Common Collaborative Approaches Alan Rector · Alan Rector Information Management Group / Bio...
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Open Common Collaborative ApproachesOpen Common Collaborative Approaches““ ThereThere ’’s a big world out there!s a big world out there! ””
Alan RectorAlan RectorInformation Management Group / Bio Health Informatics ForumInformation Management Group / Bio Health Informatics Forum
Department of Computer Science, University of ManchesterDepartment of Computer Science, University of Manchester
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]@cs.man.ac.uk
www.cowww.co--ode.orgode.orgprotege.stanford.orgprotege.stanford.orgwww.opengalen.orgwww.opengalen.org
www.clinicalwww.clinical--escience.orgescience.org
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Open Common ResourcesOpen Common Resources
• “In the common”– What is needed for the community
– Things that must be shared to be valuable
– Things that can only be built in common• Things that must serve a wide common
– Evolution rather than design• A means of selection• No one owns a natural language
– Evolves to meet needs
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““ OpenOpen ””
• Editorial Management – Who says what’s in it?
• Development -Who does the work?
• Community involvement/“ownership” –who considers it “theirs”?
• Access -Who can use it?
• Control - Who can build on it? Who must acknowledge it?
• Credit - How are the contributors acknowledged?
• Legal ownership/ “Stewardship” -Who guards it?
• Resources / sustainability -Who pays?
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ExamplesExamples• Wikipedia
– Voluntary contributions; open critique
• OpenDirectory– Voluntary Editorships; open critique
• Linux– Prestige model
• Key champion; widespread tools
• Bio– The Human Genome at Sanger; The Gene Ontology & MGED,
Developmental & Adult Mouse, FlyBase, ZebraFishBase, …• Centrally funded cooperative resource• Mandated by journals - paid from project/institution al
• UMLS – Metathesaurus, CUIs + LUIs, MeSH NCICB – CaBIO/CaBIG/EVS – Governmental
• Standards– HL7, OpenEHR, HTML, XML, RDF, OWL, …
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The Semantic WebThe Semantic Web
• Many definitions and goals. Mine: – A facilitator to create virtual communities with
shared understanding – A common background knowledge resources– Distributed, collaborative, not globally consistent
• “Managed anarchy”
– Is it a model for biomedicine? Where?– Does it provide tools useful to biomedicine?
• Many more people with relevant skills• Standards – XML, RDF, OWL, WSDL, OWL-S, SWRL,
…
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GoogleGoogle
• NHS now indexes its information with Google– Sudden improvement in access
• Combined with (a little) metadata hopes to be machine processable
– Open use though proprietary
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Public ResourcesPublic Resources
• Corpora and natural language resources– Expensive to build
• Plagued in medicine by issues of privacy
– Probably only possible as combination of academic and
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Web Speed Response Web Speed Response
• Immediate access
• Immediate response
• Developed in response to practical needs
• Collaborative tools and environments– Local tools
– Collaborative methods
– Repositories
• Effective critique
• Interest– Urgent need or love
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““ Open managementOpen management ”” & & ““ Open SourceOpen Source ””
• “Open management” – the end– The nature of the process and participation
– Being “in the common”
• “Open Source” – one possible means– Many different licenses
• Viral vs nonViral(GNU Public License (GPL) vs everything else)
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ToolsTools
• Open development requires available tools– Need to be widely distributed
• People have them anyway – C compilers• Companies buy them anyway – Rational Rose
– Often with cheap readers available
• Developers make them available – Protégé – Protégé/OWL, RACER, FaCT, OpenGALEN
– Often the most “profitable” means of academic exploitation
• Standards bodies commission them• Gifts
– GNUEmacs
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Research QuestionsResearch Questions
• Can open communities using XYZ methodology produce useful resources for interoperability?– Under what circumstances? With what methodology? – Within what constraints?
• How to leverage what exists– UMLS? The Semantic Web? Google?
OpenGALEN? S-CT? ICD 9/10/11?
• Can open resources be sustained in health– If not, why not? – Why is bio easier?
• What tools must be built and sustained to foster open collaborative development?