Going for Gold and Greener Pastures: Open Access

Explained

Lisa Kruesi, Helen Morgan and Andrew Heath

Scholarly Publishing and Digitisation Service

Open Access Week, October 2012

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

Session Objectives

• Introduction to open access (OA)• Setting the scene• Situation at UQ

– eSpace & green OA– Development of OA research data

• Opportunities & pitfalls

• Who to contact at UQ Library for helpOpen Access Logo: Art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, and JakobVoss http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

Open Access (OA) Definition• OA literature is digital, free of most copyright and licensing

restrictions• Focus on peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles via Internet • There are two different ways of obtaining open accessibility to

scientific research results: Green and Gold. • Open access is also increasingly being provided to data, books

and book chapters, conference papers, theses, working papers and preprints.

• Open content is similar to OA, but may include the right to modify the work

• While open access relies on the consent of copyright holders to share their work, making material open access will not deprive copyright holders of any rights. Copyright laws still apply.

1. "Open Access." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 June 2012. Web 3 September 2012. available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access2. Suber, Peter. Open Access. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012

Open Access (OA) Definition

• Green Self Archiving - authors publish in a journal and self-archive a freely available version of the manuscript in their institution's repository, or in a national repository (for example, PubMed Central) or post them on other OA sites. Green journal publishers are those that allow self-archiving.

• Gold authors publish in OA journals that provide free, immediate access to the articles via publisher web sites that may or may not carry author fees. The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is an example.

• There are hybrid OA journals providing Gold OA for authors who pay an up-front-fee to publish on their journal’s web site.

World’s first scientific journal

Source: ARC Statistics 2006-2007, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.*includes electronic resources from 1999-2000 onward.

1990s+ 2000+ 2001 2008-20091970-1990s 2012

Access shifts from personal subscriptions towards library- provided access. Tenopir, C.

Many Universities set up research repositories to record & store research outputs by University staff and students

Most libraries need to cancel journals to pay for new subscriptions

Sales of large portfolios of e-journals content (‘big-deals’) to libraries via consortia deals is the predominant way research content is purchased

Open access emerges led by scholars, to make publicly funded research available to all. The Budapest Open Access Iniative occurs. Creative Commons founded.

There is a patchy-approach world-wide to establishing funding schemes to pay for OA author fees at universities

Scholarly Publishing Trends

Australian Government invests $26 million to establish digital repositories in Universities

New model Subscriber pays

• Journals paid for by readers, libraries and institutions

• Payment by annual subscription / consortia deal / page charges

• One-off payments for specific issues or a fee for article delivery (pay per view)

• Licensed content

• Content is restricted

User pays

• Publication paid for by the author, the author’s institution or research grant

• Payment is a publication fee

• Payments are transparent

• Publisher can be the author

• No access restrictions

• Subject to Copyright Act / Creative Commons

Solomon, D. J., & Björk, B. C. (2012). A study of open access journals using article processing charges. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1485-1495

Budapest Open Access Initiative

“Open access is economically feasible, it gives readers extraordinary power to find and make use of relevant literature, and it gives authors and their works vast and measurable new visibility, readership, and impact.”

http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

Go To This Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMIY_4t-DR0 License: Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Set the Scene: Sign Here

Growth peer-reviewed OA journals

How can the UQ Library help?

• UQ eSpace– Research outputs including UQ research higher

degree theses– Text Queensland– Digilib

• Advice & updates (Copyright & Library Lawyer)• The Library’s web site for access• eScholarship: research data, publishing, impact blog• UQ Library Catalogue / http://

www.library.uq.edu.au/research-support/open-access-week

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php

Top ten journals from Thomson Reuters JCRWeb,

General & Internal Medicine 2011: Myriad of optionsMedicine, General &

Internal 2011 Abbreviated Journal Title ISSN Total Cites Impact Factor Open Access Status

OA 1990+ research articles free after 6 mths/ BLUE 1 NEW ENGL J MED 0028-4793 232068 53.298

GREEN 2 LANCET 0140-6736 158906 38.278

WHITE 3 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 0098-7484 117668 30.026

WHITE 4 ANN INTERN MED 0003-4819 45683 16.733

GOLD 5 PLOS MED 1549-1277 12574 16.269

GREEN 6 BRIT MED J 0959-535X 74759 14.093

WHITE 3 ARCH INTERN MED 0003-9926 37598 11.462

WHITE 3 CAN MED ASSOC J 0820-3946 11413 8.217

GOLD 9 BMC MED 1741-7015 1835 6.035

BLUE 10 COCHRANE DB SYST REV * 1469-493X 29593 5.715 RoMEO Colour Archiving policy Green Can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF Blue Can archive post-print (ie final draft post-refereeing) or publisher's version/PDFYellow Can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing) White Archiving not formally supported Gold

*National licence paid for in Australian by the NHMRC

Independent of OA

• Journals can be more open or less open. But there degree of openness is independent from their:

*Impact, *Prestige, *Quality of Peer Review, *Peer Review Methodology

*Sustainability, *Effect on Tenure & Promotion *Article Quality

Taken from: HowOpenIsIt: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/research-support/what-open-access-publishing

Where to publishIdentifying publishing opportunities

• Decide early (before drafting the paper). Look for a journal and then write the paper

• Look for journals that have published in your discipline area• Consider journals that have published work you cite• Audience – who will read your article?• Prestige – does the journal appear on the ERA journal listings?• Predatory Publishers List • Checklist for evaluation• Access – will you publish in an open access journal?• Impact – refers to how often a journal’s content is cited by other

authors, thereby giving an indication of the influence of a publication. • Likelihood of acceptance – top tier v’s less prestigious journals• Does it cost to publish in the journal?• More details:

Fact Sheet 8 Where to Publish Your Journal Article and the Open Access Spectrum (OAS) HowOpenIsIt Guide

Open Access - Evolving

• BioMed Central (BMC)• Of the 265 journal titles listed within BMC, 192 (72%) appear

on the ERA 2012 Journal List

• The Wellcome Trust has teamed up with the Max Planck Society in Germany and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the US to set up a new open-access journal called eLife.

• According to the new editor: the journal will take on the very top end of the scientific publishing industry, as a visible high-profile competitor to Nature and Science“

• PLOS Medicine is number five in the top Medicine, General & Internal – JCRWeb, 2011 – Impact Factor 16.3

• More details: Open Access

Processing fee 15% payable by UQ

Amount payable by author

AUS $1841 AUS $275 AUS $1566

Addendum

• All OA journals and 70% non-OA journal allow authors to self archive their peer reviewed post prints - for the remaining journals an authors addendum can be used to vary the terms of a publication agreement

• UQ Addendum on the UQ Library OA website

Mandates• UK Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils (2006)

• US National Institute of Health (2007)

• Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (2012) – The Australian Government makes a major investment in research to

support its essential role in improving the wellbeing of our society. To maximise the benefits from research, publications resulting from research activities must be disseminated as broadly as possible to allow access by other researchers and the wider community. NHMRC acknowledges that researchers take into account a wide range of factors in deciding on the best outlets for publications arising from their research.

• And More

Policy transforming open access

• Stronger version of the UK Research Councils OA policy

• Most of the OA Finch Report recommendations accepted UK government

• Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) plan to require OA research be submitted to the next Research Excellence Framework in 2014

• European Commission make OA general principle for their Horizon Plans 2014-20

• Australian Research Council 2012

What is UQ eSpace?• A place to record and showcase UQ research

publications, raising visibility and accessibility• An institutional repository for:

– open access publications – other digitised materials such as photographs, audio, videos,

manuscripts and other original works – UQ Research Higher Degree Theses + some others

• The single authoritative source for the publication outputs of UQ systems internal systems such as Q-Index and UQ Researchers (and those currently under development)

• Provides data for reporting requirements such as ERA and HERDC

What is in eSpace?Document type Total records OA recordsJournal Article 94965 4245Conference Papers 36486 2608Book Chapters 10127 431Theses * 9681 550 Images 5515 5515Books 5343 575

* 7484 theses - UQ staff and students only

Other documents types include: Research Reports, Preprints, Working Papers, Creative Works, Designs, Audio and Videos

espace.library.uq.edu.au

How do records get into eSpace?

• Weekly downloads from Web of Science – publications with UQ as the nominated institution

• Automatic downloads from Researcher ID accounts

• Manual entry via the My UQ eSpace page (by staff and Unit Public

• RHD Theses – electronic upload is compulsory

MY UQ eSpace

• My Research – lists publications linked to the author’s Aurion ID

• Possibly My Research? – lists records not yet linked to an id but where there is a name match

• Add Missing Publication – allows researcher to add publications not yet in eSpace

Flow of records to other systems

• Q – Index – updated daily from eSpace (this includes records not yet published in eSpace)

• UQ reSEARCHers – updated daily; only includes published records

• Used in HERDC and ERA submissions as required

Benefits of UQ eSpace• UQ eSpace Data is harvested by major search engines

• Page views and Download statistics recorded• Access Scopus and WOS citation counts• Supported and ongoing access to your research publications• Researcher homepage (http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/e1mlu)• ResearcherID integration (updates and links)• Unique Author ID• Accurate data for reporting and individual research reporting (e.g. Q-Index)

UQ eSpace – future developments

• OA support– Sherpa/Romeo integration– UQDI project (800 items to be added)– NHMRC OA mandate

• Automated Scopus downloads• Author ID linking (ORCID, Scorcid, ResearcherID)• Development of UQ OA policy and considerations

for OA theses

Green Repositories

PubMedCentral 2.4 million

arXiv (physics) 766,772 (230 records added daily)

RePEC (Research Papers in Economics) 1 million documents (333 added

daily)

Social Sciences Research Network (350,000 fulltext docs)

doab (directory of open access books) http://www.doabooks.org/doab

There are more: Registry of Open Access Repositories

Video – Green versus Gold + Benefits of OA

http://www.oclc.org/oaister/23 million records

Development of OA Research Data

Open Data is the idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control.

The concept of open access to scientific data was institutionally established with the formation of the World Data Centre system in 1957-1958.

World Data Centres were established by the International Council for Science to minimize the risk of data loss and to maximize data accessibility.

While the open-science-data movement long predates the Internet, the availability of fast, ubiquitous networking has significantly changed the context, since publishing and obtaining data has become much less expensive and time-consuming.

"Open Data." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 June 2012. Web 28 August 2012. available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data

Why make research data OA?

The Denton Declaration, An Open Data Manifesto • Open access to research data is critical for advancing science,

scholarship, and society.• Research data, when repurposed, has an accretive value.• Publicly funded research should be publicly available for public

good.• Transparency in research is essential to sustain the public trust.• The validation of research data by the peer community is an

essential function of the responsible conduct of research.• Managing research data is the responsibility of a broad community

of stakeholders including researchers, funders, institutions, libraries, archivists, and the public.

The Denton Declaration, An Open Data Manifesto, The University of North Texas. Web 23 Oct 2012. available http://openaccess.unt.edu/denton_declaration

Why make research data OA?Benefits to researchers -

• Increase how visible your research is• Preserve your data• Meet funding requirements• Stop duplication of effort• Further the advance of science• Support Open Access

• Data sharing has the potential to increase citations of your work. The authors of one study1 established that publicly available data was associated with a 69% increase in citations, independent of journal impact factor, date of publication, and author country of origin.

1. Piwowar HA, Day RS, Fridsma DB, 2007 ‘Sharing Detailed Research Data is Associated with Increased Citation Rate’. PLoS ONE 2(3): e308. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000308

OA research dataAustralian Code for the Responsible Conduct of

Research “Policies are required that address the ownership of research materials and data, their storage, their retention beyond the end of the project,

and appropriate access to them by the research community.”

Funding bodiesThe NHMRC revised policy for the dissemination of research findings came into effect on 1 July 2012. The NHMRC requires that any publications arising from an NHMRC

supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional repository within a twelve month period from the date of publication.

Journal requirementsPublishing in a Nature journal?

“… authors are required to make materials, data and associated protocols promptly available to readers.”

Nature Publishing Group

Open Data - The Future

© ANDS 2011

Open DataFrom a Nature News special on Data Sharing:

“Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible. All concerned must act accordingly.”

“Data management should be woven into every course in science, as one of the foundations of knowledge.”

Editorial: Data's Shameful Neglect" (10 September 2009). Nature 461, 145 doi:10.1038/461145a; Published online 9 September 2009; Corrected 23 September 2009

Present situation

• Taxpayers’ fund research• New knowledge not available to all• Researchers do the intellectual work – writing & peer

review• Publishers make huge profits • Established journals, often have prestige (high impact

factor)• Small number of dominant publishers• Evidence OA results in increased impact• Significant increase in OA journals• Mandates & policy developments

Opportunities, Pitfalls & Way Forward• Prof Matthew Brown’s videos:

Part 1:  Importance of Open Access to Discovery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0PWU_VRxoA

• Series of Scholarly Publishing Videos including Open Access http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL00C07719206487B3&feature=plcp

• Vanity Publishing & Predatory Publishers List – OMICS case example

• Summed up: Whither Science Publishing http://the-scientist.com/2012/08/01/whither-science-publishing/

• Open Access Week Oct 22-28 2012

• Academic Paper

Inescapable conclusions

• Argued an open access publishing system would be less costly than the current system, less time-consuming and cumbersome for users, since complicated authentication systems can go and users could be assured a full-text copy of whatever research they need.

• Open access would not only guarantee access to current scholarship, but would also safeguard the long term archiving of the existing body of scholarly research literature.

The Future

It is predicted that Gold OA will account for 50 percent of the scholarly journal articles sometime between 2017 and 2021, and 90 percent of articles as soon as 2020 and more conservatively by 2025.Lewis, D. W. (2012) The Inevitability of Open Access, College & Research Libraries, 73(5), 493-506

Who to contact• UQ Library’s Research Information Service

• Copyright questions

• eSpace questions

• General enquiries

• Lisa Kruesi, Andrew Heath & Helen Morgan