COURSE TRAINING OBJ ECTIVES

. Discuss Types ofExplosions

t Primary and Secondary Effe*s ofan Explosion

. History and Types ofDiversionary Devices

r Specifications ofModel 7z9o Flash Bang

. Model Tzoo Series Training System

COURSE TRAINING OBJECTIVES

. Mzor Fuze/Safety Data Sheet/Fuze Firing Sequence

. Deployment of Ftash Bang/Hang Firg Misfire or Failure

. Render Safe Procedures for a Misfire

r Deeibel Levels

. Secondary Blast Pressure Effects

. Instructor Checklist - H"t,ds-on Training

COU RSE TRAINING OBJECTIVES

r ATF Requirements

r Flash Bang Terms and Definitions

e Specification Sheets

r Certification Test

TYPES OF EXPLOSIONS

. Nuclear

o Mechanical

r Chemical

Nuclear Explosion

. Fission (splittingof the nuclei ofAtoms)

. Fusion (ioiningtogetherofthe nucleiofAtoms)

Mechanical Explosign

. The gradual and constant buiidup ofpressure to the

the point ofexplosion. A tea kettle/pressure cooker, building up preszure until

it explodes

. BLEVE = Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapor Explosion

Chemical Explosion

. The extremely rapid and violent conversion ofa solid orIiquid explosive compound into gases having a muchgreatervolume than the substances ftom which theyare generated.

. Examples of chemicals mighi include gasoline, gunpowder, and/or flash powder.

. l{ith the qception of Nudru Explosioro, all muufacturedexPlosives ue chmical explosives.

Chemical Explosion

. High Qrder ExPlosion = thg comPlete charge explodes

as desigrred.

. Low Order Explosion = the charge does notcompletely explode or does not explode with thedesigned velocity.

. Tninyou officus whatto do if you have a Low Order

Chemical Explosion

Chemical Explosion -'Speed of Combustion'

. Deflagration = a slow explosivg pushing effects

' . BlackPowder,SmokelusPowder,mdFluhPowdu

. Detonation = a very rapid, almost instantaneousexplosion

. RDX , HMX, TNT, ud PETN (all bm fasts tha 6,500 &s)

Chemical Explosion

o'ExplosivesClassifications'

. Low Explosive = slow change ftom a solid to a gaseous

state at up to 3,3oo feet per second (fts). Black Powder, Smokeless Powder, md llash Powdu

. Haveapushingeffect

. High Expiosive - ehange from a solid to a gaseous state

alnost instantaneously at 3,3oo - 27888 fps. Creats a shattsing effect knom as Eusall3

Chemical Explosion

Low Explosivesvs. High Explosives. Low explosives are described as "deflagratiag'

and generally burn at iess than 3,3oo fps (flash

bangs)

. High e4plosives are designed to shatter and

destroy - they are described as "detonating"

and generallyburn greater than 3,3oo frs

Primarv Effects of an Explosion

.Thermal Event

r Blast'Pressure

I Fragmentation

The thye pimary effrcts listed by fime other iaining cou$6 ars;

HeotLightSound

Primary Effects of an Explosion

. Thermal Event

. Heat

. Light

r Blast Pressure

'Somd

. Fragmentation

Primarv Effects of an Explosion (extreme) Thermal Event (tteat)

. The least desirable effect ofa flashb.rrg

o Heat from a flashbane can exceed3oooo Fahrenheit -. (f$ 729q 8rFgplvl = z,7ooI

. Can cause ffres. dways have fue qtinguishers with you

tem

Thermal Event (Lielt)

. The Thermal Event ofa flash bang creates the light effectthat assists law enforcement officers by taking away nightor low light vision ofa suspect

. The flash bang's use on a person under the influence ofdrugs or alcoliol or one who is mentally disturbed may notbe ai effective as when used on a }ucid person

. A person's vision is effected by the Cones and Rods in theeyes

Thermal Event (Lieht)

. Cones = Let us see colors; they need a lot oflight tofunction

Thermal Event {Lieht)

. Rods = oroduce the chemical lthodopsin that Iets us see

ElitEanilwhite better in the dark -

. tight bleachs out Rhodopsin

. Once Night Vision is lost, 2o-3o minuts is required to redevelop

the Rhodopsin. Some nigttv'uionwill recover within mvenl minutes.

Primarv Effects of an Explosion - Blast Pressure

Fragmentation

. From tl:e device

. From debris around the explosion site; also lnown as

secondary fra gmentation

Blast Pressure

The almost instantaneous creatibn of gases being

forced away from the explosion site, compressing tJre

surrounding air into a blxt pressule wave

Overoressure is the increase ofatmospheric pressure

created bythe eompression ofair caused bythe blxtPressure wave

' . Ovet?ressure is measured in Pounds Per Square I4ch(PSI) - Normal atmospheric pressure is r4 psi at sea level

. Recommendation - flash bang be less than 5 PSI

. The CTS Model Tzgo is 1,63 PSI at 5 fe€t

Blast Pressure and Overoressure

The ffeater the exDlosion, the more effect oftheoveSressure (PSl)'on the body

. Ears most affested by overpreszure

. Pressure waves cm caure intemal (cellulu) dmage

. Cm caue serious injury or even death at certain levels.

. In6nls ae more suceptible due their developiEg bodies

. Create. consideratlon should be taken prior to ue ofa Flsh Bangwhen infants or chtldrenare p8ent

Blast Pressure

. Multiple bangs used in a room

. PSI mayhave sllght increase

. . Use in a small room (Bath/Utility)

. PSI wilt haw sught inrrease

. Dumtion will be longer

Blast Pressure

o Posi*ve Wave = fomed the instant of the explosion md movesaway &om the explosion site

. Shock Frcnt is the leading edge ofthe positive wave

. Brisance - French word used to describe the shattering efrect ofthe shock ftont

. Neeative-l^lave = the retuming Presffe wave to ffll the vamm**-i"a tv tt e p"stive wave - '

. Not as hst or violent I the Positive wave

Positive wave pushes alr outNegative ffive brings it back

&st Pressure = Sound

. Sound is measured in Decibel Levels (dB)

. Anything over 90 dB may cause lrcnring paln

. Aoything over r3o dB may ouse eardruin damage

' At !8j dB there is a possible 5o% chance of lardrum ruptule

. Fluh bangs should have les than r85 dB

.'Ihe CTS Model 7r9o hasrz5 dB at 5 feet

Blast Pressure (soundl and dB

Ambient =4odBConversation ;6o dB

,et Engine ':oo dB

Rock Concert - 25 dB

.45-CaliberACP 'r57 dB

gmPistol =r59dBrz-gauge rS" shotgua = 16r dB

.23 tactical romd = 164 dB

CTSModd 7z9o &.7zgoM = 44.5 dB

Blast Pressure lSound) and dB

. Comparing dB to PSI

. PSI md dB conelate to each othu; they are not mcdy theffie but very close

. Ifyou know one, you cm figure the other

Blast Pressure (Overpressure)

e 5 psi possible eudrum ruPture

.15psi 5o%PossibleeudromruPture

. 3o-4o psi possible lmg dmage

.5opsl severelungdamage

. 9o+8o psi 5o% possible dealh

.zoo-25opsi roo%Possibledeth

Secondarv Effects of an Explosion

. Reflection

o Focusing

r Shielding

Secondary Blast Pressure Effects

. Reflection

. Explosives take the path ofleast resistance

. lfthe pressure cannot knock a barrier down, it u'illbounce offofiL

. The pressure wave will gadually disseminate or be

absorbed by other materials such as drapes, curtains'

and fiuniture.

Secondarv Blast Pressure Effects. Focusing

. ExPlosives tatce the path of least resistance and willfind the easiestway.out

. The full effect ofthe device will be felt at any exitpoint, plus the duration wil[ be longerwith a

diminishing pressure wave

. This diminishing pressure tave will ustally not be

noticeable to an individual

Device produces 10Psi and creates

excessive overpressure (nota cls device)Secondarv Blagt Pressure Effects

o Shielding. A person in the open will feel the full force effect ofthe

explosion

. fu1y medium between the device and the subject willdiririnish some of the effect. This dos not mem the zubject will not get any of the blast

pressue wave; howevo, it will not be the full force

. Refleaion ud tte 'ffll in' will have some effect on a shieldedsubiect

Psvcholoeical

Psychological = The bang or loud sound from a flash

bang

. Recovery is usually qurck, within seconds. Their ability to reson and react my be affected

. A Pssorls Psychological state of mind my alter their naturalreaction

' Suspect may not be affected. If they ue uder t}e in{luence of dmgs. If they ue mentally disturbed

Psvcholoeical & Bhvsiolosical Effects

r Psychologrcal = The bang (sound)

. Sound creates a sensory overload resulting in:

. Human fear or instinct ofbeing surprised by a loud sound;

creates the syndrome known as 6ght or flight. Confusion

. Disorientation

Phvsioloeical

filr.tf#g*t = t*osure to the flash orbright light from a

. Light - creates temporaryYisual imPaiment

. Residual effect dependenton. Light Power of devicr' candela. Suioects focusinr on devlce or area - shiqfdilg may be an issue

. Suspecrs physical "nd Psydrological condition

. Cm hile effects onAssault Team

. Msion remveryin ?3o mitrutes

' 2-ro minuts: some niShtv'6ion lacweE. 2o.3o mlnutesi full 'nomal' tright vision recovets

Phvsioloeical

Physiological = Light and sound comparisons

. Recommend a flash bang minimum r. million Candela

. SureFire 6 = ro - r5,ooo candela

. Flash bulb = lo,ooo - roo,ooo candela

Physiological = Sound. Exposure to dB above 50 may cause hearing loss

. Multiple mprotected expomres (training) may euse heuirgloss

Psvcholoeical & Phvsioloeical Effects

Physiological = The flash (Light)

. CTS Model Tzgo = 5 - 8 million candela

. Dumtion of flash - 5o milliseconds (one-fourth of the

tirne to blink an eye)

. Lels covers to save nightvisioo. Amber - Blue - Grem - Red

ln the early r97os the zz SAS (Special Air Service)

were the fusi to develop and use flash bangs inCounter Terrorist (CT) OPerations

. These devices were designed for the SAS at the research

center Po*er Down in the UK

. The SAS, in turn, trained Special Operations Units in-several other countries in the use offlash bangs for CT

Operations, including U,S. Special Operations Units

. U.S. Police agencies adopted the use offlash bangs

from the militarY

Israeli Military

3ldy,t976

. Entebbe, Ugmda. Operatrol-Auade&ct. AKA Opelar.ioElhudrrhr[' titer lenamed ODeraliadantGn for the only Israeli Commando

killed tn the operition (the commander)

o Air Frmce aircraft skyjacked by Palesdniu (PLO) terrorists(Pilots anal Crew choi! to stay with hostages)

. ro4 hostages rescued. r hostage killed by *re tesoe hrce

GSG 9:7 October, r97 (Bundesgrenzschutzes)

. Mogadishu, Somalia

.'One6li9Dle[egatrbgr' (OFration Fire Magic)

' German Lufthansa atcraft skyjacked

. A bon$re was set as a ruse to draw the terrorists to the cockPitofthe aircraft

. Two British zz SAS soldiere accompanied GSG 9 for the assault. They dePloyed + two fl ash bangs under the Ai@ft to initiate the

Nault

Distraction Devices

Retaking of hijacked French Airliner'7994"Operation NIMROD" -the lranian Embassy

Familv of Mllitarv Simulators

. MuSAz Ground Bust (Artillery) Simulator

. Mu6A: Grenade Simulator

. Mu6Ar Modiffed Crenade Simulator

Fuse vs. Fuze

Military simulators used two types of initiators

. lgse - a pyrotechnic initiator such as the M34,1 frictionfuse on dle Mu5Az and Mn5Ar simulators.. A firecracks is u *ample of a fuse

. Fuse is pyrctechnic in nature

. Fuze - a mechanicai initiator such as the Mzor andMzorA:. The Mzor and MuolAr ue the most comonly used type

initiators on flash bmgs and Chemical Grmades ir lawEnforcment

M116A1 Hand Grenade Simulator

. M3.Ar friction fuse initiator

. Ithasa 6-useconddelay

. One ofthe ftrst devices used as a flashbang in the U.S. by miliary and police

. 38 grams offluh powder

. E5dB@z5feet

Separatins Sub-munitions

. One of the first devices commercially made for military and

Law Enforcement in the U.S.

. The Slplosive charge is kickgd out and away from the body

to avoid fragmentation from the Fuze

M 115A2 Ground Burst Simulator

. AKA: Artillery Simulator

. Neygx considered for use ln law enforcement

. M3Arfriction fuseinitiator

. Ithas aro-u second delay. 6-10 seconds: a whistle will rcund for z-4 seconds. 8{4seconds: itwill explode. 6o Bnms ofllash powder. rt8 dB @ 75 feet

Sepa ratinF Sub-munitions

. Shermly (British). Used by zz 5AS md British Police Special' Amed Units such as London MehoPoLitan

Police Du (now knom as COrg)

o@icatoeeryEffiDistractidilDevaB--

-M11641 Modified Hand GrenadeSimulator

' Developed in the mid r97os for U,S.Military Speeial Operatione uniB

. MzorAr Fue replaced the M3,{r FrictionFuse

' M2orAr has a 1.5 s!@nd average delay. r8gramsoffl*hpowder

. Used by several LE agencies as their firstFB. LAPD tqok the Mfl6Ar - Modified and

domloaded half the powder

Separatine Sub-munitions

. Kilgere was one of the fust made in the U.S.

. It was a copy of the British Shermly (Green Memy).

. The Kilgore body is a hard plastic

prcducingthem.

Separatifre Su b-mu nitions

ffiffi

Seoaratine Sub-munitions

. Accuracy Systems (owned by Chuck Byers) was theprlmier distributor of flash bangs in the 198os.

. Amracy Systeru made a wide auay of flash bang Muaitions toinclude the Sting-ball, Multi-bangs, Star Flash, Thunder Stripand rz-gauge flash bangs

. AauracySystemswas sold and became Precision Ordinance

. Precision Ordinance eased toexist uPon thepassing of theowner (Michael Rowe) of the rcmpany

. Some of theAmuncy/Precision munitions ile nowmanuhcturcd and sold byALS

Separat!ns Sub-mu nitions

. Accuracy Systems Multi-Bang

Separating Sub-munitions. FA.C.T.S. First American Counter Terrorist System

. A rubbu boot held the mLmmitiore ir place

. The Safery Leverwas coded forthe munitions

. Bumps on the Iser indicated a multi-bang

. Red indtcated star flilh-t 'De munitlons

. Thiscompmy no longere$rts

Separating Fuze Munitions

. The Fuze assembly separates from tlle body which contains

the explosive charge (used on Strng-ball and Tear-ball)

. This is to avoid fragmentation ofthe Fuze

Sepa ratinq-Luze Munitions. Mark r4r developed by Ensign BicKord

. Sold to Pyrotechnic SPecialties. Inc. (PSt)

. No longer sold, but may still be in agency use

Metal Canister flash banss

. The first Metal flash bang body was made for Accuracy

Systems by Defence Technologies.. This ms the M4oo Sugemt Tlanu, deigned to be a

resable cmists for training onlY

Separatins Fuze Munitions

. SWAT-T developed by Martin Electronics. The SWAT-T body was made ofa hud plastic leading to several

injuies. It is no longer rcld inthe U.S.

dsffiI

Separatins Fuze Munitions

o !!QQ is a German company thatmakes several types offlash bangs,

including a separating fuze munitionswith6,7or9 chatges

Metal Canister FIash Banes

. Defense Technology Inc. took the SergeantTrainer idea and developed the Number#25 Distraction Device

. Several other companies have designedmetal non-bursting canisters

. CTS developed the Model 7z9o. Disossedindetaillater

Metal Canister Flash Banss

. NICO = Sound Flash Device

. 'I'his device can be loaded with one or two reports

Metal Canister Flqsh Bangs

. ALS. ALSo9NR

,:169-q4dB. ALS+t+o

.ALSo9 Fuze/Reload

CIS Model 7290

. Non-reloadable device

. No cleaing ofused body

. No hmdling unprotected explosive relmd

chuges. No tools (cleming kits, wenthes oitaps) m

needed

Metal Canister Flash Banss

. BAE (Def-Tec) #25 Distraction Device

. Reloadable md non-relmdable

. r5gramofflashPowder

. dB-rz+,5/psit.63

. Cudda-6-8million

Nomenclature ofCTS Model 7290

. Steel body. ro wnts on top and bottom. weight 7z9o = r.zr lbs. (55o gram). WeightTzgoM=.92lbs.. Height6.o'. Dimeter 2.o'

CTS Model ?zgo and 7z9ot't

. Explosive charge. IgramofFlashPowder. PSI=L63. dB = 174.5 dB at 5 feet

. Cmdela=6-8Million

. Fuze Mzor with safetY cliP. Delay time r.5 t .3 seconds. More pHise than the MzolAr

CTS Model 7290 and 7290M

...-..o Exoended Model Tzgo bo$es are not tg be lEloadedin 'any form or fashion

e CTS recommends that spent Model Tgo bodies that;;;;-t t.;'ilGea for trii.ning be destroved in any

method that will disable tu*her use

'3"i,fl#ir',*"'.Bi&'llgfi "if f.1:x$ig'1i"rif, i:*

.The CTS Mzor fuze

. Delay time is r.5 t o'3 seconds

. Mil-spec is o.7 to z seconds

. Creater corrosion resistance (withstands 96 hours ofsalt water spraY)

. The body is made ofcast zinc alloY

. Hinge Pins are hardened stainless steel

CTS Model 7290

. Shelflife 5 years

. Shipping classiffcation :"4G

. PackaS;rng rz Per box

. Requires ATF aPProval

CTS Model 729OTM Trainins MINI BANG

_ .__.Iur",iot and performance same as the

. Smaller in size - r.5" in Diameter

. Weight: 42o grams

i

I

II

I

Ii--

CTS M2O1 FUZE Nomenclature

Hinge ---

Fuze body Pull ring ass€mblY

Safcty leYEr -

gtiler/t

safety

DelaYbody

I Clip

Lwer

assemtlySafety OIPSaf€ty Lwer

PrlmsDelayIgnition Mixture

CTS Trainine FLASH BANGS

Designed to give law enforcementand corrections a low-cost/low-output level training flash bang

. Blue steei reusabte body (Model

zzgoT). Can be reused indefinitely

Trainine with Used 7290

Once deployed, the CIS 7z9o can be

cleaned, rearmed with the safety lever and

a pull pin and used as a traiaing aid

. Spray paint or tape to indicate a trainingdevice r-- =.

-,:= _E]

CTS Trainine FLASH BANGS

Reloadable with blue fuze (Modei zorFB). The Model zorFB has an output ofroo dB

. Allows fortraining in areu that full powercd flash bmgs cannotbe qsed

. Both fuze and body are left hand threads

. Fuze cannot be loaded by turning to the right

Fire

. There is always a potential for fire when combustible

materials are near the explosion site

. The Thermal Event ofa flash bang can give offheat inexcess of3ooo degrees Fahrenheit (CTS flash bang is

measured at zToo degrees).

. Fire extinguishers should always be carded by tacticalteams or field force (riot confol) units.

Fire followine deplovment of flash bane

. Operation in Albuquerque, NM

Glass windows / doors

Over?ressure can break and blast glass

out oi in, especially if it has already

been weakened

Proiectiles or Fragmentation

, Debris from the ground may be picked up and

ejected toward. Glass

. Gravel,rocks

Explosive Materials

. In a business area

. In a garage

. Methandcracklabs

' In a residence

Glasswindows / doors

Explosive Materials. Meth Labs

. Gasoline/PropaneloxygenBottles

' . ',,'1, '.1. -: ll'l

Hostages or lnnocent Third Person

. The age ofindividuals need to be considered ifa flash

bang is goinB to be dePloYed

. Inhnts

. Crlldren

. Elderly

. Iniuries are likely ifa flash bang is deployed to close to

an individual (innocent 3d person, susPect or ofnceni,

Blast Pressure (OverPressure)

. May cause severe injuries if in close proximity

Potential Hazards to lndividuals

Bums to subiects, innocent 3rd persons or ofhcers

Blast Pressure (close proximitv)

Safetv Equipment

. Goggles / Glasses / Mask

Eouioment and Uniform

. Gloves

. Nomex

. Kevlar

. Leather

Eauipment - Fire Extinquishers

. A large extingpisher should be carried on all operations

. Cm be staged atthe entry Point

. UtilityBaEwit}ltem

. Sevsal Tearn Members could carry smaller uthguishos

Safetv Equipment - fire extinguishers

Safetv Equipment

EquiPment and Uniform

. All parts ofthe body should be protected

. Helmet

. Baladava

. Ear protection

. Gloves

Safetv Equipment

Carry Positions. Vest

. Never on the froat ofthe torso - sy-mPathetic exqlosion

r Backofvest. Pull pin towuds inside

. Leg?ouches. Protection. Pintowudsinsideflap

CTS and BATFE

CTS requires atl agencies wishing to purchale any BATf!munitions classiffid as Destructive Devices (7zgo' TzgoM'Sti"i-sa[, fe"r-na[) to have an up-to-date certiffed Flash

Bang Instmctor.. CTS recognizes:

. Other mmufaetures of LSDD, NFDD, DD, ud Flash BmEs

. NTOA

. IACP

. FBI, KBI, tTPOA, md other competmt txaining orgilizations

. State POST certiffcations

'Other flash bil8 manufacturers alto requlre thls certi66tion with sPsific

Eslnctiof,s

Justification for the use of flash bangs (SOP)

. Barrieded incirlents

. Hostagerescue

. Highriskwurants

. funed susPects

' Mentallydisurbed Persotr. Non-fiream

. Anytime their use would ohancc the safe rcolution of a

situation

BATFE

The Bureau of Alcohol. Tobacco..FireqEs' an9ilffir1"";?BATFE) h* classfied Flash-So,und=

Diiersionary Devices (FSDD) as "Destructive lJevrces-

. BATFE controls:. Ordering. Accountabiliry. Notifi@tion. Stolage. TrusPortation. Possesion

Orderine - BATFE requires an

ATF Form ( for thc,Ealsfer0plqdre manufa.cturer to the LE agency

containing

. Agenc, receiving. One agency cannot'6ve' to anoth€r

aSency

. Serlal number ofmunitiom

ts-:----"1F.E:--'%#e-e

BATFE requires accountabiliW for all

FSDDS

. Keep an inventory log

. When device was obtained

. How itwas utilized. Training. OPerations. DemonsEations

BATFE resulates storase of all exolosive

materials

. As ATF regulations can change (and do)vou should contact BATFE to ensure youire in compliance'

. Also check rvith state and local regulatioubr sorage

. A Twe z magazine is considered acceptablefor lt:oage aiyour rgency for less than 5opouds Jf Hgh exPtosive ruterial

BATFE and US DOT classifv flash oowder as a hieh

explosive for transDortation pur0oses

. For uansportation or storage of a small amount ofFlash Bangs, ammo eans could be used

. Recommend keeping devices in cardboard shipping

Court Rulines lnvolving Use of Flash Banes

. Flash banss in one form or another have been used fornearty 4o

-years in tactical operations. Firstused by the military or elite specialized teams

. Flash bangs have been in use by law enforcement in the

U.S. since the earlY r98os

. Langford v. Gates - CA Supreme Court 1987

o The ffrst challenge to the use ofa flash bang

. The flash bang was used is conjunction with a - . . ^ ,motorized battering ram to gain entrance to a tortfieolocation

. This is normally done bY

shioment oflots on YourATil Fotrn q

. Call ATF before sendingyour notification in forinstructions

. You are required to keepthe records - forever

6MWW

tu iTFFt'r{ildatuL*nhtroilLlhil lat .NN tu

tuilrF ;d ekmnon b Frt e4d'FAofd*wmt.*ah.Ma

frNhn""t"

tu'. krtd r d ahttd ht'.dnt-u'Mr r til dF Om! 4)t@nc.

r&@, dil nn,il Ut tt tana t^4

rh* tutbtrF u?n ,,. D< itht"

-itiataoa taqt. n.at artnt; e nNdtd tn tH th.b zvddnt''

,ot npile dt dil, nN.dbn 4 te d

,ilNtda@.l"kae FkEt-'Mtid.r@ndodn'h

6tO Kr,flAd.N i*aEMEftlfrtd, N ,0226

^ ":H:,x,lr{i.;:;::v,ffi t {iJ *

BATFE and US DOT classifv flash powder as

a hish exolosive for transDortltionDUrposes

Storage facility

. Stoling in trqnls ofvehicles is not advisable

. Humidity is the nmbs one desEoyer offluhpowds

Court Rulinqs lnvolvine the Use of Flash Banes

. Langford v' Gates

. Ms- Iasford was hlled in-a IAPD nucotics srudr' i'Jirmil'vlfu u6.ci Modifi cd'

g!$$E11"Uuot-"irti:$35l"sl'.lr##lmltt. i-*fi"oa"nt i. *t

"tE the- "!m! before deplolngl

dildA;*;itio taitical dePloYments

'iilF.H#si.ffiIffif#p#+$H'i:tr"","i"ti,'tti,iiii'iiii;s"uF.Hi"o*f; t$Hil,T"*regarding overuse or abustenlorcemenE

Court Rulines - WarninFs

. Some ofthe warnings expressed ftom the courts are:

. Use with cNtdren Present (wmmt)

. Use with imocent third pilty or Persos Present

. Exctssire use orunnecessaryuse

. No fire extinguishes eried

. Throwine'blind' into aroom

. Injuries ir deathto inhabitants

. Failuretotain

. Delibsate indifrsence

. Deviees should only be used by traiaed-certified officers

. DePloy with a line of sight where the device will land

!m G6AD'CONVINdD'8t

Lesal Considerations

Court Rulings lnvolvins the Use of Flash Banes

. langford v' Gates - CA Supreme Court 1987

. Garcia v. State ofTexas - fi Court ofAppeals r99z

. Jenkins v. City ofTopeka-ros Circuit 1996

. U,S. v. Meye$ - lorh Circuit 1997

. Nina and Eugene Kirk - ro* Circuit 1999

. Boyd v. Benton County and City of Cowallis - 9s Gmitzoo4

Court Presentation

. Know your agency's flash bang or use-of-force policy

. Know your device - the opPosition s attorney will

. Study the case Prior to testimony, dePosition or on the

stand. ReadallrePorts

. Be prePared to defend your tactics with explanation to lay

persons

Prooer GriP

. Rieht hand - hold the device fuze uP

wi-th the safety lever in the web of the

hand between the thumb and trigger

ffnger. Fuze mrl sfery lever should be aligned

withthem. Ensre no Part of the hud covus anY

ports

Proper GriP

Left Hand

. Altemaqe Method - hold the device fuze up with-the .

;ilf;ffifrErweb of the hand between the thurnb

aia ttigget n"g." (same as right-handed)

' Fuze md safety lever should be atigned with the arm

. EtMe no Put ofthe hmd covers any ports

Pulline the Pin Right-Handed

(Fuze Up)

' Place the left hand middle finger

into the pull ring in an 'gPlgagl'

motion

. Turn the pull ring y1turn 'slggkgise'

to disengage the safetY cliP

. Pull the ring out ofthe device and

deploy

Proper GriP

Left Hand. Military Method - hold the device fuze

E*niith th" tofety lever in the web ofhand between the thumb and trigger

finger. Fuze md sfety lryer should be aligned

with the am. Enure no Part ofthe hud covers anY

ports

PreparinE Device for DePlovment

. The CTS Mzor does not have to be'lrepared" for

deployment

. Devices from other companies may require straightening

the pin into a "V' shape before pulling it. oice a device pin has bem straightened' it should be destroyed' ;i;;;,;;;ii t"ui'ins esin

""cordins to rem soP

Pulline the Pin Left-Handed - Mllitarv

Method (Fuze Down)

. Place the right hand middle ffnger into

the Pull Ring in an'dg!a!944ts1' motion

' Tum the pult ring % turn 'cloghaise' to

disengage the safety cliP

. Use thethumbasatr asist

. Pull the ring out ofthe device and deploy

ffiffi

Flash Bans Poles

. A very safe and controlled way of deploying a flash baag

device

. Less chance ofinjury to Persons

. Less chance offire

Flash Bans Poles.

. Deployment. Ouuide a window. Insidebuildings - glass

. Excellent for second ud third-story deploymots

Methods of DePlovmento Team Stacked

. DeplolanB oficer PrePus dwice, Seu moves up on mfest

side (euns)

. DePlolng officer puts hmd on #z's shoulder

' Shows#tdevise

r JtrNodsto acknowledge "ReadY'

. Device is dePloyed and deplolng officer steps out ofway of

entry tem

Flash Bane Poles

' Manufaetured. Several compmies nale flash bmg poles

. Imorovised. F'irmans Pike Pole. Paintss pole (extendable). i*r*'ir'*rr1'""g "

perpudiolu to pole (officer)

. Safety ring must be prepped for deployment

. Wire/cord to Pull *fetY ring out

. Tape body seuely to Pole. Must se steel body dtrice. Do trot se SepmtingFuze Muitiom

Methods of DePlovment

r Inside stack or outside stack

. Where are officers guns Pointed?. Towardwall. Awayftomwall. Have SOP for rerbal and non-verbal comands

Methods of DePlovment

r All enrries are made after explosion ofdevice

(Do not enter until it goes off)

. Low Order - back it uP

. Dud - backitup

o Mechanical breachers must be protected

r Ballistic breachers can Protect deploying officer

Disposal (Dump) Site in a "No Bane" or "Banq Ouf'

Situation

. When the flash bang cannot be deployed in building

. Safe site to "DisPoseu or'DumP". Outsidc - cleu ma. Room - prwiously deared

Methods of DePlovment

. SAS (Military)

. #r signals for bang

. #z PrePares, shows #r

. ih Nods

. #z throws bang over #z's shoulder into room

. #z follows #r into room

Methods of DePlovment

r #r Officer may elect to cover his eyes from the effects

offlash

. The flash will affect ofhcey's vision as wel[ as those

inside

' Closing an eye or both eyes does not stoP the eftcts of6-8 miltion candela {CTS Model Zzgo)

. Simal Team:'"bang is being deployed". lerbal - "bang goingoff or'tang ouC. Non-verbal = show bangin ai!. Do not dispose ofa flash bang I teams ate etrterinB looms

Sympathetic shoodng

. May hold flash bmg for possible use in next room

Tactical Situation Failure (Dud)

. Ifpractical, immediately deploy another device

. Continue assault

Operational Rendering Device Safe

. RePlacing Pin (no t normally rccommended)

. StraiSlrt- nryorworked Pin

. Spread - Placing one plong of pln through fuze

. Tape

. Safetypin

. Dispose ofASAP aceording to SOP "Rendu Safe Procedures"

Causes for a Failure

'OPerator erro!

. MzorlMzolAr malfu nction

. Explosive charge degraded

Common causes of low order detonation or

deflagration

' Improper storage resulting in moisture

contamination

' Improper or insufficient initiator. seoarition or movement ofthe fuze from the body

' DJterioration (age) of explosives

ct urgu (atoppi;&'shock, poor handling)

Causes for a Failure

. OPerator ErIor. Operator forgets to pull t'he saftty ring out

. This can happen in a stress situation

. Tralning is the key to rectiff tIIs error

. The Jty ring is pulled but with a broken pin left

inside the device

. The sfetvrinI is twisted too much or pulled at a-,

t**" -!f ", i"u.itg the pin to break in tle middle

Low Order ExPlosion

. Humidity - the number one killer of munitions

Causes for a Failure

. Mzor / Mzorfu rnalfunction js the leading cause for a

i"itutu *itt rno.t companies' munitions'

. Slriler - fails to hit the primer hud enough

Recovering Malfunctioning Munitions

. ONLY orooerlY traineC officers should recwe md dispose ofmy u'exploded mmluons

. Wait 3o minutes from dePloYment

. Aporoach weuring Protecdve equipment:. Tye protection (goggles/mask). Ei.rorotection (earmuJIs,. Glo'ies (heavY). Full uniiorm (Nomex or cotton). Ballistic shield ifawilable

. Observe from adislance 1o see ifthe striker has gone

forward or it it is a hang ilre

Du.ds. Misfires or Failures

. Train and be Prepared to follow uP in tactical

operations. Make it put ofyour SOP

r Know and have "Render Safe Procedures' (RSP) in place

as part ofyour SOP

. This might inclnde calling ior EOD or bomb squad

Causes for a Failure

. Mzor / MzorAl. Fuze Head

. The'housing'ortop ralls ofthe fuze may

bucore d.niud in and and prevent the striker

from going fovard hard enough to set offthe

primen

. This is called a "Hanglire"

Recoverins Malfunctionins Munitions

. If-afugIue, use a long pole to hit the firze to

send the striker forward

. Ifstriker goes forwud, turn away and wait for

d*ice to go oF. This can be done ftom behind a ballistlc shield

. Ifit fails to go offwhen striko goes forwud' wait

another 3o irinutes to continue (next step)

Recoverins Malfunctionins Munitions

. If not a Hang Fire (or after waiting the 3o minutes from a

ffi;m.",ff.k rp the device (notwith hands) and place

it in a safe container.. A shwel, if available, can be used to lift the dsice

Render Safe

. For@ Place thedevice in

;;lffi;"t"t*. *d EansPort it to the place for

destruction'. Render safe by shooting with dfle or E-ga' sluB

. Do not Place the device in a meral contalner or clo*d container

. rt"ang tL" Su*g-ball ud Te*ball Grenades in watu rglllggt

destroy ttre 0uh Powder

Render Safe. For the Model zlgo, Place the device in a plastic bucket

ffi;-e_nilrgh t" *"t"tn the device and with enough water

i" Eo*pi.t".fv *Umerge the device - leave until flash

powder is floating in the water

. Do not place the dg!q]13 rS:4 coildner or closed container

Transportins Malfunctioning Munitions

. Ifoossible, transport the device to a saG location for

im:mediate destruction. Rarse. f]iibep""t nunt or EOD bum faeility

. Ifpossible, tranqPort in an open end truck bed

. Do not transPort in cab ofvehicle

'l{sg'sE?,'"q%|T,Sfif."I"lf,r*":"xT?mH&tlt'o'"r'

. In all cases, follow the manufacturefs RSP

Render Safe Procedure - Method #2 for 7290 shoot FB

Bodv with a .223 or larser

ffi

Storins Malfqnctionins Munitions

. If munition is to be stored for z4 hours

. Place mmitions in safe location

. Leave C'Is Model 7z9o and 729oM in wate

. f.+ it up,.fouUty fenced or gated uea until munitions cilbedesEoyed

Document AII Failures

. Enter on accountabilitY log form

. Contact manufactwer to advise them of the fiilure

Equipment Needed for Range Training

. EYe Protection

. Ear protection

. Hat or helmet

. Gloves (ifthrowing grenades or flash bangs)

. Guns or launchilg plaform (rz ga', 37mm or 4omm)

. Can/trash bag

Equipment Needed for Range Training

. Protective rnasks

. Body armor

. Weapons or blue gJrns

. Rams, sledgehamrner, pry bars or other breaching tools

. Fire exting;uisher

Practice Makingjntries w/Flash Bangs

Once a flash bang goes off, team members must be

prepared to make entrY-. Entry must be coordinated to cover each other

Practice Various Scenarios

. yman stack

' 5-man stack

. With a ballistic shield

Pracrice Prior to Running Actual Raid

. Team pmcticed 8 hours Prior to this second-story entry