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The MDG Sanitation Challenge
Examples of Productive Sanitation Projects in Various
Regions
Cecilia Ruben, EcoSanRes Programme, SEIIFAD 29 January 2008
MDG 7 & Target 10Halve by the year 2015 the proportion
of people lacking sanitation
• App. 95,000 HHs need to be provided with sanitation every day – equal to 65 installations/minute
• SSAF: US$ 100M per year 2003-2015 or
$ 0.5 per capita per year
The Global Sanitation Challenge
• App 2.6 billion individuals are totally without sanitation
• App 2.7 billion individuals have pit latrines - inadequate in protecting human health & the environment
• More than 1 billion individuals have flush sanitation system, of which 70% is not properly treated
• 80 countries with 40% of the world pop. suffer from water shortage
PARADIGM SHIFT RE. SANITATION
Requires change in attitude for reuse of nutrients in a safe manner and the
recovery of treated greywater to the environment
Closing the Loop on Sanitation
Global Map of Ecosan InitiativesOn-line questionnaire and information at www.ecosanres.org
Ecological sanitation/productive sanitation is an approach that embracesmore than toilet provision
provides sanitation
protects human health
reduces environmental pollution
conserves water
reuses nutrients available in processed excreta
Pictures from Malawi
Arborloo
Shallow pit 60 cm - 80 cm wide and 1 metre deep
Concrete slab and super- structure are put in place
Soil and ash are added regularly to the pit in addition to excreta
When nearly full, slab and structure are moved to another pit and a tree is planted in the soil fills up the pit
Pictures from Malawi
Mozambique
Fossa alterna -shallow reinforced pit soil-composting toilet
Unit cost ca 20 USDmaterials and labour
Photo: Water Aid
Urine diverting toilet (UD)Urine and faces are not mixed Products are collected in separate containers for further
processing and use, as here in Malawi
ChinaGuangxi Region
double vaulturine-diversiondry toilet
Unit costca 50 USD
China
India – Kerala
double vaulturine-diversiondry toilet foranal cleansing
Evapotranspiration bed receives urine and anal wash water
UD Toilet and Separate Run-off for Anal Cleansing Water, India
UD/dry Toilet and a Wash Bowl for Anal Cleansing, Philippines
Sanitation installation for a household, Bolivia
Ample facilities for hygiene and washing in connection with the dry UD and double vault toilet
SwedenSweden
Urine-diversionUrine-diversiondouble flushdouble flushtoilettoilet
C
Secondary
treatment of
compost in
an ecostation,
Sweden
Compost from Human Excreta - appearance and texture of the final product depends to a large
extent on what is placed in the pit. Example from Malawi
Left: mix of composted faeces, urine and sandy soilRight: mix of composted faeces, urine, red soil and leaves
Geber’s Residential EstateStockholm, Sweden
UD/dry collection of faeces
Spreading Urine - Sweden
Photo Mats Johansson, VERNA
Greywater management – tests of filters and
systems for diffusion of water, Mexico
Children Leaders Women
Local capacity development in Mexico
SARAR / PHAST
MethodologyYouth Entrepreneurs
Toilet Users Get PaidMoney for Using the Public Ecosan Toilet at Musiri, TN, India, is
offered by NGO SCOPE in Trichy
EcoTown for 833 HHs, based on Ecosan Principles. A PPP Development in China,
where R&D was provided by ESR
Dongsheng, Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China
楼房及生态厕所剖面图
Solid Waste Source SeparationSolid Waste Source Separationwith collection of household organics with collection of household organics
Maize crop 31 Jan 2005, Epworth (Harare)Maize crop 31 Jan 2005, Epworth (Harare)untreated maize (left-side)untreated maize (left-side)urine-treated maize (right-side)urine-treated maize (right-side)
www.ecosanres.org
Cecilia RubenCommunications and Networking Manager
Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) at www.sei.se