Ontologies Reasoning Components Agents Simulations The KobrA2 Multi-View Component Model Driven...

OntologiesReasoningComponentsAgentsSimulations

The KobrA2The KobrA2Multi-View Component Model Driven Multi-View Component Model Driven Software Engineering MethodologySoftware Engineering Methodology

Jacques Robin

OutlineOutline

1. History2. KobrA Goals and Principles3. Component Views4. Component Relationships5. Process6. Illustrative Case Studies

1. KWAPIF: a KobrA2 Web App Platform-Independent Framework2. A toy photo album web app, instance of KWAPIF3. KMASPIF: a KobrA2 Multi-Agent System Platform-Independent

Framework4. A toy penalty simulation MAS, instance of KMASPIF

KobrA: HistoryKobrA: History

KobrA1 German project lead by Prof. Colin Atkinson at FhG-IESE

(Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Institute of Experimental Software Engineering), Kaiserslautern, Germany

Resulted in publication of book "Component-Based Product Line Engineering with UML", Atkinson, C. and al., 2002, Addison-Wesley, 528 pages

Extended for component testing by European project Component+ involving 7 European academic and industrial research centers

Resulted in publication of book "Component-Based Software Testing with UML", Gross, H.B., 2004, Springer, 316 pages

Based on UML1.4, no OCL, no MOF

KobrA: HistoryKobrA: History

KobrA2: Brazilian-German project started in 2006, led by Profs. Colin

Atkinson, Universität Mannheim, and Jacques Robin, UFPE Goals:

Leverage lastest OMG standards: UML2, OCL2, MOF2 Support most mature levels of MDE allowing full code generation

by model transformation from fully refined Platform-Independent Models (PIMs)

Support full separation of concerns into complementary views of software component PIMs

KobrA

KobrA1 GoalsKobrA1 Goals

Component-Based Engineering (CBE)

Model-DrivenEngineering (MDE)

1

2

3Product-LineEngineering (PLE)

KobrA Principles:KobrA Principles:1. Separation of Concerns1. Separation of Concerns

Separate functionalities of whole software concerns into reusable components

For each component: Separate PIM from PSM from code Separate general product line framework model from specific

product application model Separate execution model from testing model Separate public specification from private, encapsulated realization Separate structural model from behavioral model from operational

models (operations link behavior to structure) Separate computational service aspects from data structure aspects Separate concept (class) model from instance (object) model

Separate software methodology into: prescribed or recommended artifacts, and prescribed or recommended process (i.e., constraints on tasks

producing these artifacts, including precedence)

Separation of ConcernsSeparation of Concerns

Process does not fix whether to move first left, front or down in this cube

Executability

Refinement/Nesting

Specificity

Instantiation

FrameworkEngineering

Implementation

Framework Application

Implementation

KobrA PrinciplesKobrA Principles

2. Multiple views: For each component, provide one view for each point in the

multi-dimensional space of separated concerns For each component, reconcile these views into a Single Unified

Model (SUM)

3. Leverage OMG standards: UML2 diagrams and OCL2 constraints and expressions for framework

and application PIMs MOF2 diagrams and OCL2 constraints to metamodel these framework

and application level diagrams and associated constraints UML2 diagrams and OCL2 constraints for software process modeling

4. Prescriptiveness KobrA strives to precisely prescribe, as much as possible for a general

purpose software engineering methodology, which UML2 and OCL2 model elements to use in each view of a KobrA component

SingleUnifiedModel


User only create and manipulate partial views of each KobrA component

These views are automatically transformed into a coherent Single Unified Model by model transformations

PartialView 1

PartialView 2

PartialView N

...

View 1 to SUM automated transformation

SUM to View 1 automated transformation

SUM to View 2 automated transformation

View 2 to SUM automated transformation

View N to SUM automated transformation

SUM to View N automated transformation

Metamodelconformanceverificationautomatedtransformations


5. Formally specified rules to automatically check: View-level well-formedness (i.e., conformance to prescribed

relationships among model elements within one view of one component)

Component-level well-formedness (i.e., conformance to prescribed relationships among model elements across different views of one component)

Assembly-level well-formedness (i.e., conformance to prescribed relationships among model elements across views of different components)

6. Parsimony Avoid as much as possible redundant model elements and views Choose a minimum model element and diagram subsets from

UML2, able to cover all the key aspects/concerns of a software component


7. Locality All KobrA Views and UML2 diagrams are local to a given

component stereotyped as the «subject» component of the view, and hence reusable "as is"; The whole PIM of the system is derivable from the union of all

these local models

8. Uniformity The sole first-class modeling entity deserving to possess its own

multiple views is the KobrA component All behaviorally complex entities are modeled as KobrA

components, including the system itself Only behaviorally trivial system entities are modeled as KobrA

classes, second-class modeling entity which structure and behavior are specified and realized in the views of their owning KobrA component


9. Top-down decomposition The realization of any KobrA component K potentially consist of an

assembly of finer-grained KobrA components, encapsulated in K and not directly visible outside of K

There is thus no fundamental difference between assembling existing components (i.e., engineering with reuse) and refining new components (i.e., engineering for reuse);

The root of this decomposition is the system being modeled; Its leaves are the common functionalities provided by the most

popular or standard API for the application domain at hand.

10. Component engineering/assembly driven process: Thus, driven by architecture, neither strictly by entities (like pure OO) nor by relationships (like E-R DB engineering), nor by functionalities (like use-case driven engineering); Hence, avoids RUP inherent conflict between being entitiy-driven

(objects) and functionality-driven (use-case).

Separate public specification from encapsulated realization

Realization as local assembly of finer-grained components Component engineering (for reuse) = component assembly (with

reuse)


Externalview point

Internalview point

Component

Realization

Specification

+ =+ =

KobrA Principles:KobrA Principles:Locality and Top-Down Locality and Top-Down

DecompositionDecompositionRun-time Hierarchy

set of modelsdefines

Traditionalapproaches

Development Time Description

“component of” relationship

KobrA(Principle of Locality)

KobrA Conformance RulesKobrA Conformance Rules

A

B

Consistency relationships

Refinement relationships

Contract relationship

KobrA Conformance RulesKobrA Conformance Rules

Clientship rules

Clientship +Containment rules



Containment rules

Cliensthiprules

Clientship rules

Specification of server component must match realization of client component

KobrA Principle:KobrA Principle:Creation Tree Driven ProcessCreation Tree Driven Process

In general, the client/server model leads to arbitrary graph of interconnected components

But, an arbitrary graph has numerous shortcomings as software structure: Neither model of composition/nesting, nor obvious development order

Tree based software structure has many advantages: Natural model of composition/nested Obvious development sequences Recursive definitions and activities Systematic All together resulting in improved quality and reusability

How to reconcile arbitrary client server graph with tree-based process? Solution: by projecting graph on creation tree

Every software entity must be created by exactly one other entity Every object-oriented system running today contains a creation tree An entity normally creates the things to which it has a strong composition

relationship

KobrA Component AssemblyKobrA Component Assembly

creates

acquires

A

B C

DE F G

H I1 I2

Client-Server Graph Projected on Creation Tree

KobrA2Views

KobrA2 Component ViewsKobrA2 Component Views

Specification

Structural

Operational

Behavioral

Class

Service Type

Instance

Service Type

Service Type

Protocol

Realization

Structural

Operational

Behavioral

Class

Service Type

Instance

Service Type

Service Type

Algorithmic

«merge»

KobrA2 Global Views:KobrA2 Global Views:Operational DependenciesOperational Dependencies

Automatically derived from the Operational and Algorithmic Views local to each component

Operation O1 depends on operation O2 iff: O2 is called in the OCL2 expression specifying the precondition,

body orpost-condition of O1 (operational view)

O2 is called in the Activity Diagram A specifying the method of O1 (algorithmic view)

O2 is called in the OCL2 expression specifying a guard or a local post-condition in the Activity Diagram A specifying the method of O1 (algorithmic view)

KobrA2 Global Views:KobrA2 Global Views:Component Class DependenciesComponent Class Dependencies

Automatically derived from the global operation dependency view and the local structural class views at each component

Component Class or (Data) Class C1 depends on Component Class or (Data) Class C2 iff: O1 operation C1, O2 operation C2 | O1 depends on O2, or C2 appears in the structural class service or type view of C1, or A associating C1 with C2, or C1 specializes C2

Specification Structural Class Service Specification Structural Class Service View: OverviewView: Overview

Specifies the local assembly connections of the subject component class

Shows: The name, public operation signatures and public attributes of:

subject component S0 the component or (data) classes G1,..., Gm that immediately generalize

S0 the components S1, ..., Sn providing S0's required services the components C1, ..., Cp that S0's creates before using as server

Generalization relationships from S0 to G1,...,Gm Stereotypes associations «acquires» from S0 to S1,...,Sn Stereotypes associations «creates» from S0 to C1,...,Cp Structural OCL constraints, i.e., classifier invariants and property

initialization, derivation and definitions, among the attributes or operation parameters of S0, G1,...Gm,S1,...,Sn, C1,...,Cp

Prototypical Specification Structural Prototypical Specification Structural Class Service ViewClass Service View

Specification Structural Class Type Specification Structural Class Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel

0..1 ownedOperation *Operation

Property0..1 ownedAttribute *

AssociationmemberEnd

0..12..*

ParameterownedParameter *0..1

powerExtent *

Classifier Generalization

specific *

general *

GeneralizationSet

*

*0..1 powerType

PrimitiveType

InstanceSpecification

0..1

DataType

Enumeration EnumerationLiteral

ExpressionInOcl

Variable

bodyExpression0..1 contextVariable selfOwner 0..1

Constraint

Namespace

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context

* constrainedElement *

ownedRule *

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression

0..1 owningConstraint specification

OclExpressiontopExpression 0..1

TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

StructuredClassifier

EncapsulatedClassifier

Class(from StructuredClass)

Component

Class(from Kernel)

* *

/superClass

BehavioredClassifier

Class(from Reception)

Specification Structural Class Service Specification Structural Class Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

ComponentClass

(from Kernel) Association Class

(from Reception)

ClassComponentClassAcquires Creates

DataType

Numeric

DataType

PrimitiveType PrimitiveType Integer

UnlimitedNatural

Real

String

Boolean

Classifier (from Kernel)

Constraint

StructuralConstraint

Inv PropDef

Init

Derived

Property

context ownedRule

constrainedElement

constrainedElement

Specification Structural Class Type Specification Structural Class Type View: OverviewView: Overview

Defines the non-primitive data types used by the subject component class

Shows: The name, public operations signatures and public attributes of the

(data) classes and association classes that type the parameters of the public operations of the components or (data) classes that appear in the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

The generalizations and associations (including association classes, aggregations and compositions) among these (data) classes and association classes

The structural OCL constraints among the properties and operation parameters of these classes and association classes

The definition of the enumerations that type the parameters of the public operations of the component or (data) classes that appear in the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Prototypical Specification Structural Prototypical Specification Structural Class Type ViewClass Type View

Specification Structural Class Type Specification Structural Class Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel




0..12..*





Component

Class(from Kernel)

* *

/superClass



powerExtent *


specific *

general *

GeneralizationSet

*

*0..1 powerType

PrimitiveType


0..1

DataType


ExpressionInOcl

Variable


Constraint

Namespace

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule *

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression



TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

AssociationClass

Specification Structural Class Type Specification Structural Class Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

ComponentClass

(from Kernel)Class

(from Reception)

ClassComponentClass

DataType

Numeric

DataType


UnlimitedNatural

Real

String

Boolean


Constraint


Inv PropDef

Init

Derived

Property

context ownedRule

constrainedElement

constrainedElement

Specification Structural Instance Specification Structural Instance Service View: OverviewService View: Overview

Defines typical instantiation patterns of the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Shows: «ComponentObject» stereotyped component object(s) O0

1,...,O0q1

instance(s) of subject component class S0 with their public slots

«ComponentObject» stereotyped component objects(s) S11,...,Sn

qn instances(s) of component classes S1,...,Sn providing the services requires by S0, with their public slots

«acquires» stereotyped links La11,...,Lan

qn instances of the «acquires» stereotyped associations between S0 and S1,...,Sn

«ComponentObject» stereotyped component objects(s) S11,...,Sn

qn instances(s) of component classes C1,...,Cp created by S0

«creates» stereotyped links Lc11,...,Lcp

qp instances of the «acquires» stereotyped associations between S0 and C1,...,Cp

Prototypical Specification Structural Prototypical Specification Structural Instance Service ViewInstance Service View

Specification Structural Instance Service Specification Structural Instance Service View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel


Slot ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOclVariable

OclExpression

topExpression0..1

bodyExpression

0..1 contextVariable selfOwner 0..1

TypedElement

PackageableElement

owningInstance *

ElementNamedElement

0..1 owningSlot value *

StructuralFeatureProperty

FeatureClassifier(from Kernel) featuring

Classifier

* *

definingFeature

*

Specification Structural Instance Service Specification Structural Instance Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension


Link Object

ComponentObjectAcquiresLink CreatesLink

Specification Structural Instance Specification Structural Instance Type View: OverviewType View: Overview

Defines typical instantiation patterns of the Specification Structural Class Type View, of the subject component class

Shows: «ComponentObject» stereotyped instance specifications whose

classifying classifier are the component classes occurring in the Specification Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the (data) classes occurring in the Specification Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the association classes occurring in the Specification Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the associations (not classes) occurring in the Specification Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Prototypical Specification Structural Prototypical Specification Structural Instance Type ViewInstance Type View

Specification Structural Instance Specification Structural Instance Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2

MetamodelMetamodel



OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl

Variable

OclExpression

topExpression0..1

bodyExpression


0..1 resultVariable resultOwner 0..1

* parameterVariable varOwner 0..1

TypedElement

PackageableElement

owningInstance *

ElementNamedElement



FeatureClassifier

(from Kernel) featuringClassifier

* *

definingFeature

*

Same asSpecification

StructuralInstanceService

View

correct

Specification Structural Instance Specification Structural Instance Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 Type View: Metamodel KobrA2

ExtensionExtensionInstanceSpecification

Link Object

ComponentObjectObjectLink

Specification Operational Service Specification Operational Service View: OverviewView: Overview

Declaratively specifies the behavioral contracts between the component classes of the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Shows: The OCL precondition, postcondition or body constraints of the

operations whose signatures are given in the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

PrototypicalPrototypicalSpecification Operational Service Specification Operational Service

ViewView context CC0::op01(in pa011:Cl2, inout p012:Boolean, out p013:Real):Cla

pre: qboe011body: qoe011

context CC0::op02(pa021:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String)) pre: qboe021post: pboe021

context CC1::op11(pa111:Bag(Cla)):Sequence(String)pre: qboe111

context CC1::op12():CC2body: qoe121

context CC2::op21():Clbpost: pboe211

context Cla::opa1(in paa11:Cl2, inout paa12:Boolean, out paa13:Real):Clbpre: qboea11body: qoea11

context Cla::opa2(paa21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String) pre: qboea21post: pboea21

context Clb::opb1(pab11:Bag(Cla)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeb11

context Clb::opb2():CC1post: qboeb21

context Clc::opc1():Clapost: qboec11

Conventions: q: OCL query expression p: OCL postcondition expression b: OCL boolean expression oe: Ocl Expression CC: Component Class Cl: Class op: Operation pa: parameter

Specification Operational Service Specification Operational Service View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel

Operation Constraint

Class(from Kernel)

ownedOperation

0..1 preContext precondition *

0..1 postContext

0..1 bodyContext

postcondition *

bodycondition *ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl

owningConstraintspecification

Variable

OclExpressiontopExpression 0..1bodyExpression




TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

0..1

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule*

Namespace

0..1

*

BehavioralFeature

Specification Operational Service Specification Operational Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

Constraint

Pre

OclExpression

Post

Operation

EffectOperation BehavioralConstraint PreExpPostExp

Specification Operational Type View: Specification Operational Type View: OverviewOverview

Declaratively specifies the behavioral contracts between the component classes, (data) classes and association classes of the Specification Structural Type View of the subject component class

Shows: The OCL precondition, postcondition or bodies constraints of

the operations whose signatures are given in the Specification Structural Type View of the subject component class

PrototypicalPrototypicalSpecification Operational Type ViewSpecification Operational Type View


context Cla::opa2(paa21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(String,Integer) pre: qboea21post: pboea21

context Clb::opb1(pab11:Bag(ACa)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeb11


context Clc::opc1():ACapost: qboec11

context ACA::opA1(in paA11:Cl2, inout paA12:Boolean, out paA13:Real):Clbpre: qboeA11body: qoeA11

context ACA::opA2(paA21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String)) pre: qboeA21post: pboeA21

context ACB::opB1(paB11:Bag(ACA)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeB11

context ACB::opB2():CC1post: qboeB21

context ACC::opC1():Clapost: qboeC11

Specification Operational Type View: Specification Operational Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelReused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel


Class(from Kernel)

ownedOperation


0..1 postContext

0..1 bodyContext

postcondition *


OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl


Variable





TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

0..1

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule

Namespace

*

0..1

*

BehavioralFeature

Same asSpecificationOperational

ServiceView

Specification Operational Type View: Specification Operational Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionMetamodel KobrA2 Extension

Constraint

Pre

OclExpression

Post

Operation



ServiceView

Specification Behavioral Protocol Specification Behavioral Protocol View: OverviewView: Overview

Defines the external visible state transitions of the subject component class together with the restricted subset of its public operation that is available for invocation in each of these states

Contains a simple UML2 protocol state machine without: transition's operation post-conditions, for these are redundant with

the transition's target state invariant associated port or interface, for protocol state machines are

directly associated with components in KobrA2 states with embedded state machines multiple regions connection points

The sequence of operations on the state machine transitions represent the protocol to follow to satisfy the invocation contract of the services provided by the subject component class

PrototypicalPrototypicalSpecification Behavioral Protocol Specification Behavioral Protocol

ViewView

S1[qbe1]

[qb01] op01(pa011:(Real,Boolean)) /

S2[qbe2]

[qbe12] op12 (in pa121:Integer inout pa122:en122, out pa123:Seq(String) /

S3[qb3]

[qbe13] op13() /

psm1 {protocol}

[qbe3f] op3() / ebe3f[qbe2f] op2f(pa2f1:Cl1) / ebe2f

S0[qbe0]

[qbs0] op0() /

[qbe22] op22(pa221:CC2) /[qbe31] op3() /

[qbe32] op3() /

Specification Behavioral Protocol Specification Behavioral Protocol View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel

StateMachine

ProtocolState

Machine

ProtocolTransition

State Operation

Constraint

Namespace

0..1PseudoState

kind: PseudoStateKind

FinalState

Transition RegionVertex* 0..1

source

target incoming

outgoing

guard0..1

stateInvariant 0..1

precondition0..1

0..1owningState

referred*

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl

specification

topExpression

ownedRule

0..1owningConstraint«enumeration»

PseudoStateKind

initial...

terminate

OclExpressionbodyExpression

0..1context

Specification Behavioral Protocol Specification Behavioral Protocol View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

ComponentClass

Class(from Reception) StateMachine


Behavior0..1 0..1

classifierBehavior

ProtocolStateMachine

ProtocolStateMachine

Region StatePseudo

StateProtocol

Transition Operation

Region ProtocolTransition

PseudoState

State Operation

Realization Structural Class Service Realization Structural Class Service View: OverviewView: Overview

Defines the internal component assembly that realize the services described in the Specification Structural Class Service View of the subject component

Shows: The private attributes and operation signatures of subject component class

S0 The name, public attributes and operation signatures of the component

classes and (data) classes N1,...,Nm nested inside (i.e., encapsulated) the subject component which assembly realize its public operations specified in the Specification Structural Class Service View

The stereotyped «nests» associations from S0 to N1,...,Nm The stereotyped «acquires» and «creates» associations among N1,...,Nm

«acquires» associations model clientship relationships between one nested component class and one nested (data) class or another nested component class

«creates» associations model creation relationships between one nested component class and one nested (data) class or another nested component class

The generalizations among N1,...,Nm The structural OCL constraints (i.e., classifier invariants as well as the

derivation rules, initial values and definitions of classifier properties)

Prototypical Realization Structural Prototypical Realization Structural Class Service ViewClass Service View

«nests»

Realization Structural Class Type Realization Structural Class Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel




0..12..*


powerExtent *


specific *

general *

GeneralizationSet

*

*0..1 powerType

PrimitiveType


0..1

DataType






Constraint

Namespace

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule *

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression



TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel




Component

Class(from Kernel)

* *

/superClass



PackageableElementpackagedElement

0..1 *

Realization Structural Class Service Realization Structural Class Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

ComponentClass

(from Kernel) Association Class

(from Reception)

ClassComponentClassAcquires Creates

DataType

Numeric

DataType


UnlimitedNatural

Real

String

Boolean


Constraint


Inv PropDef

Init

Derived

Property

context

constrainedElement

constrainedElementownedRule

Nests

Realization Structural Class Type Realization Structural Class Type View: OverviewView: Overview

Is the Realization Structural Class Service View what the Specification Structural Class Type View is to the Specification Structural Class Service View

Defines the non-primitive data types used by either: the private operations of subject component class the internal assembly of the subject component class but not used neither by its public operation nor by its external

server components

Realization Structural Class Type Realization Structural Class Type View: OverviewView: Overview

Shows: The name, public operations signatures and public attributes of the

(data) classes and association classes that type the parameters of: the private operations of the subject component class the public operations of the component or (data) classes that appear in

the Realization Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

The generalizations and associations (including association classes, aggregations and compositions) among these (data) classes and association classes

The structural OCL constraints among the properties and operation parameters of these (data) classes and association classes

The definition of the enumerations that type the parameters of: the private operations of the subject component class the public operations of the component or (data) classes that appear in

the Realization Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Prototypical Realization Structural Prototypical Realization Structural Class Type ViewClass Type View

Realization Structural Class Type Realization Structural Class Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel




0..12..*


powerExtent *


specific *

general *

GeneralizationSet

*

*0..1 powerType

PrimitiveType


0..1

DataType






Constraint

Namespace

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule *

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression



TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel




Component

Class(from Kernel)

* *

/superClass



PackageableElementpackagedElement

0..1 *

AssociationClass

Realization Structural Class Type Realization Structural Class Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

ComponentClass

(from Kernel)Class

(from Reception)

ClassComponentClass

DataType

Numeric

DataType


UnlimitedNatural

Real

String

Boolean


Constraint


Inv PropDef

Init

Derived

Property

context ownedRule

constrainedElement

constrainedElement


StructuralClass Type

View

Realization Structural Instance Realization Structural Instance Service View: OverviewService View: Overview

Defines typical instantiation patterns of the Realization Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Shows: «ComponentObject» stereotyped component object(s) O0

1,...,O0p

(with their private slots) instance(s) of subject component class S0

«ComponentObject» stereotyped component objects(s) NO11,...,NOq

r instances(s) of component classes N1,...,Nm (with their public slots) nested inside S0 and which assembly realizes the services provided by S0

«nests» stereotyped links Ln11,...,Lns

t instances of the «nests» stereotyped associations from S0 to N1,...,Nm

«acquires» stereotyped links La11,...,Lau

v instances of the «acquires» stereotyped associations among N1,...,Nm

«creates» stereotyped links Lc11,...,Lcw

x instances of the «creates» stereotyped associations between S0 and C1,...,Cp

Prototypical Realization Structural Prototypical Realization Structural Instance Service ViewInstance Service View

«creates»

RealizationRealization Structural Instance Structural Instance Service View: Reused UML2/OCL2 Service View: Reused UML2/OCL2

MetamodelMetamodel



OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl

Variable

OclExpression

topExpression0..1

bodyExpression




TypedElement

PackageableElement

owningInstance *

ElementNamedElement



FeatureClassifier


* *

definingFeature

*



View

RealizationRealization Structural Instance Structural Instance Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 Service View: Metamodel KobrA2

ExtensionExtensionInstanceSpecification

Link Object

ComponentObjectAcquiresLink CreatesLinkNestsLink

Realization Structural Instance Type Realization Structural Instance Type View: OverviewView: Overview

Defines typical instantiation patterns of the Realizatioon Structural Class Type View, of the subject component class

Shows: «ComponentObject» stereotyped instance specifications whose

classifier are the component classes occurring in the Realization Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the (data) classes occurring in the Realization Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the association classes occurring in the Realization Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Instance specifications whose classifier are the associations (not classes) occurring in the Realization Structural Class Type View of the subject component class

Prototypical Realization Structural Prototypical Realization Structural Instance Type ViewInstance Type View

Realization Structural Instance Type Realization Structural Instance Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel



OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl

Variable

OclExpression

topExpression0..1

bodyExpression




TypedElement

PackageableElement

owningInstance *

ElementNamedElement



FeatureClassifier


* *

definingFeature

*



View

Realization Structural Instance Type Realization Structural Instance Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension


Link Object

ComponentObject

Realization Operational Service View: Realization Operational Service View: OverviewOverview

Declaratively specifies the behavioral contracts between the component classes of the Realization Structural Class Service View of the subject component class

Shows: The OCL precondition, postcondition or body constraints of the

operations whose signatures are given in the Specification Realization Class Service View of the subject component class

PrototypicalPrototypical Realization Operational Service View Realization Operational Service View

context CC0::op01(in pa011:Cl2, inout p012:Boolean, out p013:Real):Clapre: qboe011body: qoe011

context CC0::op02(pa021:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String)) pre: qboe021post: pboe021

context CC1::op11(pa111:Bag(Cla)):Sequence(String)pre: qboe111

context CC1::op12():CC2post: qboe121

context CC2::op21():Clbpost: qboe211


context Cla::opa2(paa21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String) pre: qboea21post: pboea21

context Clb::opb1(pab11:Bag(Cla)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeb11


context Clc::opc1():Clapost: qboec11

Conventions: q: OCL query expression p: OCL postcondition expression b: OCL boolean expression oe: Ocl Expression CC: Component Class Cl: Class op: Operation pa: parameter

Realization Operational Service View: Realization Operational Service View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelReused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel


Class(from Kernel)

ownedOperation


0..1 postContext

0..1 bodyContext

postcondition *


OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl


Variable





TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

0..1

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule*

Namespace

0..1

*

BehavioralFeature


ServiceView

Realization Operational Service View: Realization Operational Service View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionMetamodel KobrA2 Extension

Constraint

Pre

OclExpression

Post

Operation



ServiceView

Realization Operational Type View: Realization Operational Type View: OverviewOverview

Declaratively specifies the behavioral contracts between the component classes, (data) classes and association classes of the Realization Structural Type View of the subject component class

Shows: The OCL precondition, postcondition or bodies constraints of

the operations whose signatures are given in the Realization Structural Type View of the subject component class

PrototypicalPrototypical Realization Operational Type View Realization Operational Type View


context Cla::opa2(paa21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(String,Integer) pre: qboea21post: pboea21

context Clb::opb1(pab11:Bag(ACa)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeb11


context Clc::opc1():ACapost: qboec11

context ACA::opA1(in paA11:Cl2, inout paA12:Boolean, out paA13:Real):Clbpre: qboeA11body: qoeA11

context ACA::opA2(paA21:Set(Integer)):OrderedSet(Tuple(Integer,String)) pre: qboeA21post: pboeA21

context ACB::opB1(paB11:Bag(ACA)):Sequence(String)pre: qboeB11

context ACB::opB2():CC1post: qboeB21

context ACC::opC1():Clapost: qboeC11

Realization Operational Type View: Realization Operational Type View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelReused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel


Class(from Kernel)

ownedOperation


0..1 postContext

0..1 bodyContext

postcondition *


OpaqueExpression

ExpressionInOcl


Variable





TypedElement

Whole OCL2Metamodel

0..1

NamedElement

Element

0..1 context


ownedRule*

Namespace

0..1

*

BehavioralFeature


ServiceView

AssociationClass

Realization Operational Type View: Realization Operational Type View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionMetamodel KobrA2 Extension

Constraint

Pre

OclExpression

Post

Operation



ServiceView

Realization Behavioral Algorithmic Realization Behavioral Algorithmic View: OverviewView: Overview

Defines the algorithms for each operation O1,...,Om appearing the subject component's Realization Structural Class Service View

Contains m x n simple UML2 activity diagrams, where n is the average number of activity diagrams needed to fully specify the algorithms implemented by O1,...,Om

Prototypical Algorithmic ViewPrototypical Algorithmic View

Realization Behavioral Algorithmic Realization Behavioral Algorithmic View: Reused UML2/OCL2 MetamodelView: Reused UML2/OCL2 Metamodel

ControlFlow

ObjectFlow

FinalNode

InitialNode

ActivityFinalNode

FlowFinalNode

ForkNode

JoinNode

MergeNode

DecisionNode

CallBehaviorAction

*

edge

0..1Activity

ActivityGroup

ActivityEdge

ActivityNode

* node

0..1

inActivity 0..1

group * containedNode*

inGroup

*

source

target

incoming *

outcoming *

inGroup

*

containedEdge*

* Behavior

Pin

ActivityParameter

Node

Parameter

*

InputPin

OutputPin*

CallAction

isSynchronous:Boolean

result

0..1

CallOperationAction

Operation

*

0..1

target

ObjectNode

ControlNode

ExecutableNode

Action

InvocationAction

0..1

* argument


target outcoming *

edge*

0..1Activity

ActivityPartition

ActivityEdge

ActivityNode

node*

0..1

inActivity 0..1

partition *node *inPartition

*

source incoming *

inPartition

*

* edge

0..1

ValueSpecification

OpaqueExpression

guard

ExpressionInOcl OclExpressiontopExpression

0..1

bodyExpression

*

Classifier

Class(from Kernel)

Behavior

context

* 0..1*ownedRule

Namespace

context

0..1

ActionConstraint

owningConstraintspecification localPostcondition

* 0..10..1

ExecutableNode

constrainedElement


ActivityGroup

InterruptibleActivityRegion

ActivityEdge

ActivityNode

interrupts interruptibleRegion nodeinterruptingEdge

0..1* * *

NamedElement

RedefinableElement

ElementExcecutable

NodeExceptionHandler

ObjectNode

protectedNodehandler

*

exceptionInput

Classifier

**handlerBody

exceptionType 1..* Action

ExecutableNode

RaiseException

Action

Pin

InputPinexception

0..1

Corrigir layout para evitar repetção de ExecutableNode


ActivityGroup

InterruptibleActivityRegion

ActivityEdge

ActivityNode

interrupts interruptibleRegion nodeinterruptingEdge

0..1* * *

NamedElement

RedefinableElement

ElementExcecutable

NodeExceptionHandler

ObjectNode

protectedNodehandler

*

exceptionInput

Classifier

**handlerBody

exceptionType 1..* Action

ExecutableNode

RaiseException

Action

Pin

InputPinexception

0..1

Realization Behavioral Algorithmic Realization Behavioral Algorithmic View: Metamodel KobrA2 ExtensionView: Metamodel KobrA2 Extension

Action CallBehaviorAction CallOperationAction RaisedExceptionAction

ActionInOcl CallSubActivityAction CallOperationAction RaisedExceptionAction ExceptionHandler

ObjectFlowExceptionHandler

KobrA2 ProcessKobrA2 Process

ModelSpecificationView

sv

ModelRealizationView

rv

«localPostcondition» a=subject.isAbstract()

a

ModelComponent

[a=true]

[a=false]

KobrA2 ProcessKobrA2 ProcessModelSpecificationView

Model Class Service View

csv

csvnpt

«localPostcondition» csvnpt = csv.packagedElement->select(oclIsKindOf(Parameter)).type->reject(oclIsKindOf(PrimitiveType)

Model OperationalType View

otv[else][csvnop->IsEmpty()]

«decisionInput» There is some

component objectconnection patternof specific interest [no]

[yes] Model InstanceService View

isv «decisionInput»There is some object connection

pattern of specific interest

[yes]

[no]

Model InstanceType View

Model OperationalService View

osv

[no]

[yes]

«decisionInput» No operation of csv can be specified declaratively

Model ClassType View

[else]

[csvnpt->IsEmpty()] ctvpop

ctv

«localPostcondition»let pe = ctv.packagedElement, ctvop = pe->select(oclIsKindOf(Operation)), csvop = csv-> select(oclIsKindOf(Operation))in ctvnop = ctvop - csvop

itv

sv

«ComponentObject»C02a:CC2

a1C02a= v1C02a

Prototypical Specification Structural Prototypical Specification Structural Instance Service ViewInstance Service View

«subject»«ComponentObject»

C01a:CC1

a1C01a = v1C01a

«ComponentObject»CO3a:CC3

«acquiresLink»

«ComponentObject»CO3b:CC3

«subject»«ComponentObject»

C01b:CC1

a1C01b = v1C01b

«acquiresLink»

«acquiresLink»

«createssLink»

«ComponentObject»C02b:CC2

a1C02a = v1C02b

«createssLink»

lC03aC01a

lC02aC01a

lC02nC01a

«ComponentObject»C02c:CC2

«createssLink»lC01bC02a

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