Ontologies and big spatial data
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Transcript of Ontologies and big spatial data
Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Ontologies and Spatial Big Data
Ines Messadi
Information System Techniques MasterNational Engineering School Of Tunis
20. januar 2017
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Outline
1 IntroductionOverview of Big Data
2 Role Of Ontology In Big Data
3 The rise of spatial big data
4 Ontologies and spatial big data
5 Research Trends
6 Conclusion
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Introduction
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Introduction
Late Decision⇒ Missing Oppotunities
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Introduction: Overview of big data
Common Definition
• Big data is a common term for data sets that are so largeand complex that conventional storage, retrieval andanalysis techniques become inadequate.
3Vs
• Velocity: Speed• Speed of creating, analyzing, storing data ⇒ Real Time
processing
• Volume
• Variety
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Role of Ontology in Big Data
Ontology
• An ontology provides a representation of concepts of thereal word, as agreed by a community of people.
• Serves as semantic reference for users or applications thataccept to align their interpretation of the semantics oftheir data to the interpretation stored in the ontology.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Role of Ontology in Big Data
Can Ontologies be useful for big data ?
• Yes
• It can bring order out of chaos
• The combination of ontologies andBig Data could provide new solutionsfor many problems.
• Ontologies are importantcomponents for big data integrationand manipulation.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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How to combine Ontology and Big Data
• Mapping ontology to database• Mapping classes (concepts) defined in ontology to
database schema.• Mapping classes/instances defined in ontology to data in
DB
• Add metadata on data using vocabulary defined inontology
• Convert database (e.g. RDB) to ontology-based(RDF) database
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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How to use the combinations of ontology and bigdata
• Ontology can provide semantics to add raw data.
• Generalized concepts in ontology can connect data invarious concept levels across domains.
• We can use ontology as given knowledge to analysis bigdata.
• ontology can be used in data understanding andintegration task to describe the semantics of theinformation sources
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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How to use the combinations of ontology and bigdata
There exist many approaches to populate ontology fromvarious data sources.
• Existing ontology library
• Text mining technique
• Reverse engineering technique
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
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ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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How to use the combinations of ontology and bigdata
Some approches to facilitate data integration :
• Single ontology approach All data source schemas aredirectly mapped to a shared global ontology that providesa uniform interface to the user.
• Multiple ontology approach Each data source isrepresented in its own (local) ontology separately.
• Hybrid ontology approach A combination of the twoprevious approaches. Local ontology is built for each datasource schema, without mapping to other local ontologies,but to a global ontology.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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The rise of spatial big data
• A proliferation of geospatial data on the Web
• Professionally-produced material being offered for free(e.g., Google or Bing maps).
• The public has also been encouraged to make geospatialcontent, including their geographical location, availableonline (e.g., OpenStreetMap).
• There is now a substantial amount of public sectorinformation becoming available as open geospatial dataThe volume of such geospatial Web content is already bigand constantly growing.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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The rise of Spatial Big Data
How Big is Big ?
Generates about 5 TB of data per day.
Generates about 25 PB of data per day, significantportion of which is spatiotemporal data (images and videos)
Spatial Big Data Sources
• Mobile phones, social media.
• GPS, Satellite remote sensing, Radar, Sensor Networks.etc.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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The rise of spatial big data
Spatial data ?
Business data that contains or describes location
Geographic features(roards, rivers, parks, etc.)
Street and postal address( customers, stores,factories.etc)Anything associated with a physical location, described bycoordinates.
The large volumes of spatial data provide valuableresources to both the ordinary users and researchers fortheir various uses, and are accessible for retrieval throughDigital Libraries - Geolibrary, GeoPortals, Spatial DataInfrastructures (SDI) and the Web.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Big Data vs Spatial Big Data
Is Big Spatial data different from big data
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Motivation
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Ontologies and spatial big data
• Space and time can meet ontologies in two distinct ways :• First, they can be the domains described by the ontology.• Space and time can be the implicit background to an
application domain that relies on geographical data. In thiscase we speak about ontologies of geographical domain.
• To deliver well-defined web resources and make themaccessible by end-users and processes. Ontologies play akey-role to realize this ambitious goal.
• They are suitable means to model information with itsmeaning, thus enhancing chances of successful sharing.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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On spatial ontology
In spatial ontology creation, there are two different majorapproaches:
First, by analyzing a collection of existing spatial databases andmethodologies, a spatial ontology model is defined based onthose databases
The second approach in spatial ontology creation is to define acomplete spatial ontology model.
Unfortunately, little attention has been put up to now intospatial ontologies.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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On spatial ontology
Much geographic data are represented by a series of x,ycoordinates ⇒ Ontologies can be very useful in describing, forexample, the extent of a mountain or the relation of sacredsites to nearby rivers.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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On spatial ontology
• Ontologies are the vital to semantic description referencingof geographic information.
• The Protege spatial ontology provides spatial built-ins thatcan be used to provide a spatial dimension to otherontologies when needed.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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On spatial ontology
To target more of the big data market, Oracle Spatial hassupported RDF and SPARQL since Oracle 10g, and morerecently, IBM’s DB2 has added this support.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
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ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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On Spatial Ontologies
If an ontology is known and used by everybody for annotatinginformation and searching for information, then all the aboveproblems of search and retrieval are eliminated.
• Challenge of effective Spatial Information Retrieval (SIR) :Lack of detailed semantic referencing showing the spatialrelationship among entities of the geospatial data for easyaccessibility by the user.
Figur: Spatial relationships
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Main semantic relations of geographic concepts
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
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Ontologies andspatial bigdata
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Main semantic properties of geographic concepts
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
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Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
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Ontologiesand spatialbig data
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Conclusion
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Research Trends
• The current trend in ontological developments aims atsupporting richer ontology models that enable sharingmore complex information.
• Needs new algorithms to find spatial-temporal correlationsand predict future events.
• Minimize the time it takes to make the data available foranalysis: Data loading time should be minimal to make thedata available for use
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Research Trends
Weakness of current research
• Research and development in ontology management hasalmost neglected to consider space and time as essentialcomponents of modern information systems.
• Most of current ontologies do not take into account thespatial and temporal characteristics of information.
Need research about spatial big data as well as studies usingspatial big data.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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Conclusion
• SBD are important to society and ontology are very usefulto SBD.
• New opportunities are emerging from the platforms,analytics, and science perspectives. SBD research is stilllargely underexplored territory.
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Ontologiesand SpatialBig Data
Ines Messadi
Introduction
Role OfOntology InBig Data
The rise ofspatial bigdata
Ontologiesand spatialbig data
ResearchTrends
Conclusion
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References
• Daniel Cintra Cugler et Al. Spatial Big Data: Platforms,Analytics, and Science.GeoJournal manuscript,University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2013.
• Michael R. Evans et Al. Enabling Spatial Big Data viaCyberGIS: Challenges and Opportunities,Computer ScienceDepartment, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2013.
• Raju Vatsavai and Budhendra Bhaduri. Geospatial Analytics inthe era of Big Data and Extreme Scale Computing, CSEDivision, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.
• John Bateman and Scott Farrar. Spatial Ontology Baseline.OntoSpace Project Report,V2, University of BremenGermany,June 2006.
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