Online review analysis of perceived Indoor Environmental ...xajzkjdx.cn/gallery/63-june2020.pdf ·...

Online review analysis of perceived Indoor

Environmental Quality (IEQ) at former green

certified hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hayder Saadoon Abdulaali

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Email- [email protected]

Ismar Minang Satotoy Usman

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment



Marlia Mohd. Hanafiah

Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology



Jean Elfira Basung

Faculty of Built Environment, Institute of Graduate Studies,

University of Malaya, Malaysia


Mahmood Jamal Abdulhasan

Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology



Abstract- Hotel guests’ comfort and satisfaction of perceived Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in former certified

green hotels is crucial for both IEQ body of knowledge and the green hotel management for future improvements. The

methodology used for this study is text mining of online hotel guest reviews for the time period within the GBI

certification validity date, focusing on the IEQ perception of the former green hotels. The population in this study is the

hotel guests of (i) former GBI rated green hotel that did not renew its GBI certification upon surpassing its validity end

date (ii) located in Kuala Lumpur (iii) certification rating of “certified with collective points of 50-65”, (iv)

Accommodated hotel guests with stay of one day and longer (Transit hotels are excluded from this study due this reason).

Initially, 5 former GBI rated green hotels were identified, however, due to unavailability of information from both travel

website, 2 hotels were omitted from this study. Approximately 3836 reviews from 3 former GBI certified, Kuala Lumpur

based green hotels were collected from Agoda.com and Booking.com, the trusted travel websites in Malaysia. Next, a list

of IEQ key points were identified and programmed to extract specific IEQ problems in the reviews faced by green hotel

guests. Lastly, complaints indicator is used to evaluate hotel guests’ IEQ dissatisfaction. A total of 1011 complaints were

identified from the online reviews; 15.4% complaints were IEQ related, 84.6% complaints were other parameters. Noise,

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Thermal comfort were the top IEQ factors influencing green hotel guests’ satisfaction, with

7% and 6.5% respectively. This study highlighted IEQ complaint frequency and its underlying sources.

Keywords – Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), Hotel guest perception, text-mining, Green hotel performance

Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology

Volume XII, Issue VI, 2020

ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 659

mailto:Email-%20%20%[email protected]



I. INTRODUCTION

Current Malaysia’s hospitality industry has expanded at a steady rate, with a significant increase in hotel establishments increased approximately threefold; 1492 hotels in 2000, 2373 hotels in 2008, and 4750 hotels in 2018 [1, 2]. Where else, Malaysia’s Green Building Index (GBI) private limited company and rating tools was incorporated in 2009, injecting the GBI rating tools for Hotel and resort in February 2014. Up to 2019, GBI has certified 18 hotels in Malaysia,10 is located in Kuala Lumpur [3, 4]. There is also a need to have these green guidelines as a comprehensive approach to ensure the cost and economic direction throughout its building’s life cycle [5].

Table -1 GBI NRNC certified hotel/ resort to date August 2018 [3]

Non Residential New Construction (NRNC) - 18 Projects

1 Proposed 15-storey UCSI hotel (Kuching, Sarawak) -Certified 8th June 2017 - 7th June 2020

2 The Westin Desaru Coast Resort (Johor) -Certified 10th February 2017 - 9th February 2020

3 Hotel Penaga (Pulau Pinang) -Gold 9th December 2016 - 8th December 2019

4 TUNE Hotel Jalan Putra (KL) -Certified 20th January 2016 - 19th January 2019

5 The Vertical - Tower C (VE Hotel & Residence) (KL)-Certified 8th April 2016 - 7th April 2019, renewed

with latest date of 15th February 2019 – 14th February 2022

6 3 Star Hotel on Plot Z10 (Putrajaya) -Certified 12th June 2015 - 11th June 2018

7 St. Regis (KL) -Certified 23rd April 2015 - 22nd April 2018

8 Somerset Medini (Johor) -Certified 12th November 2014 - 11th November 2017

9 The Establishments AlilaBangsar hotel (KL) -Certified 4th August 2014 - 3rd August 2017

10 Kings Green Hotel (Melaka) -Certified 8th July 2014 - 7th July 2017

11 Airside Transit Hotel KLIA2 -Silver 9th May 2014 - 8th May 2017

12 TUNE Hotel KLIA2 (Sepang) -Gold 23rd May 2014 - 22nd May 2017

13 One City (PH 2)- Skypark Component B & C (Selangor) - Certified 17th March 2014 - 16th March 2017

14 Arcoris SOHO, Hotel & Retail (KL) -Certified 17th July 2013 - 16th July 2016

15 Movenpick hotel and convention centre KLIA, Sepang - Silver 14th August 2018 - 13th August 2021

16 The Ruma Hotel and residences(KL) - Gold 9th October 2017 - 8th October 2020

17 Somerset Damansara Uptown Petaling Jaya (KL) - Certified 11th October 2017 - 10th October 2020

18 Kenco Hotel Bukit Bintang (KL) - Certified 31st May 2017 - 30th May 2020

All of the green hotels achieved the GBI-rated green status using the Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)

rating tools, and not the Non-Residential Existing Building (NREB) rating tools. As of 2019, there has yet been any existing hotels that is certified by GBI. All of the hotel developer is responsible for the initial GBI certification process based on its approved conceptual green design. Once the project is completed, the certified green hotel buildings is then handover or managed by a separate hotel business premises and its management. Such example is shown below for Kuala Lumpur GBI former certified hotels as of 2019;

Table -2 Green hotels’ initial project name and its new hotel business premise name

GBI application - Initial project name Arcoris Hotel

Hotel name Hyatt House

Certification status Certified

Developer UEM Sunrise

Source(s) Hyatt Corporation, 2020



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 660

All these green hotels went through the GBI certification process based solely on its approved conceptual design and is further realized with its construction completion stage. However, some of these hotels’ GBI certification status has reached the end of its validity period and did not apply for renewal, 7 is located in Kuala Lumpur[3]. These shows that the initial developer or new hotel business premise management might not have an interest to pursue the renewal of GBI certified building status based on a whole building life cycle.

While green hotels are expected to provide the optimal indoor environment and utmost comfort to the hotel guests, there is minimal studies on actual green hotel guests’ satisfaction in regards to Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) in the Malaysia context. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the actual hotel guests’ perception of IEQ in green hotels.

GBI classified Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) exclusively based on five deriving parameters; (1) Indoor Air Quality, (2) Thermal comfort, (3) Lighting, (4) Visual, (5) Acoustic/ Noise [3]. Many negative impacts befall building occupants’ health and wellbeing in the long run [6]. Additionally, the hospitality industry covers more than these 5 IEQ parameters to ensure guest satisfaction.

Common data collection approach used to study indoor environmental quality are surveys in the form of questionnaires or interviews to measure subjective feelings of human perception [7-9] and conduct field tests measuring physical parameters such as ventilation rate, air velocity, humidity, temperature, sound measurement and many more[8, 10-12]. For a comprehensive correlation IEQ study, some research utilizes both methods[13-20].

Agoda.com and Booking.com are two similar travel website sister companies owned by the same parent company, Booking Holdings a US-based company. While similar, the notable difference would be identifiably in the business model where Agoda.com utilizes the Merchant model where else Booking.com utilizes the Agency model. Booking a room with Agoda.com requires guests to make payment to Agoda directly, different with Booking.com which directs guest to hoteliers for payment transaction. A standard travel website enables travelers to publish opinions and experiences, leading to millions of distinctive feedback on all these travel websites. This feedback tool allows researchers to use online tools to evaluate the clients' perception of the hotels. In order to evaluate online reviews, a developing approach called “text mining” requires that relevant information be extracted from online information.

Text mining comprises two components: refining of text and distilling of content. Text refinement converts freeform text documents into a specific intermediate form and the distillation of content deduces intermediate form patterns. Many research has also used online review of text mining to examine the perception of clients [21-25]. However, online hotel reviews are deemed “young and evolving”, highly efficient and low cost [26].

This study utilizes a text-mining approach to evaluate hotel guests’ perception on former green rated hotels Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) parameters using online reviews collected from Agoda.com (http://www.agoda.com) and Booking.com (http://www.booking.com).It analyzed 3836 reviews posted by hotel guests online. In order to measure Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) dissatisfaction, a complaint criterion pertaining to online Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) was initially incorporated. The study then addressed the significant variables impacting hotel guests’ comfort and analyzed the correlation between Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) complaints and hotel guests’ satisfaction. The findings of this study contribute to improve the efficiency of the IEQ evaluation and the performance of the hotels' indoor environment.

II. METHODOLOGY

This paper utilizes Data collection step by step phase namely; Data mining, text refining and manual filtration. This study utilized data collection from 3836 reviews of 3 former GBI rated Kuala Lumpur green hotels from Agoda.com and Booking.com that stayed in the hotel guestroom in the time period of its green certification validity as shown in the diagram below. The eligible online reviews collected for this study is from the start date of the hotel operation until the end date of the GBI certification validity period.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 661

Relevant data collection period

2.1 Data mining –

Data mining in the form of online textual reviews from online travel websites were obtained using an online data mining product called the “Data Miner”, a product of Software Innovation Lab LLC and made into an extension feature by Google chrome that allows user to extract data from any formatted webpages and the ability to download these data in a statistical format such as an excel spreadsheet. For this study, data was extracted according to what data is put up on both travel websites such as shown below:

Table -3 Types of information displayed in travel websites

Agoda.com Booking.com

Name or nickname of hotel guests Name or nickname of hotel guests

Country Country

Traveller type (Solo, Couple, Group, Families,

Business)

Traveller type (Solo, Couple, Group, Families,

Business)

Room type Room type

Duration of stay NIL

Month and year of stay Month and year of stay

Reviews (Positive & Negative) Reviews (Positive & Negative)

Given rating score Given rating score

Hotel response (if any) Hotel response (if any)

Above mentioned displayed information does not include and lacking of other demographic information as deemed necessary in widely used other academic research such as gender, age, race, religion, marital status, income level or education level. Figure 2 shows an example of data collection from Agoda.com and Booking.com.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 662

Sample of online review from Agoda.com [27]

2.2. Text refining and manual filtration –

Refining of text refers to the approach by filtering relevant content based on specific objectives to convert unstructured text files or raw text into an intermediate format. Manual filtration was utilized to further understand relevant IEQ issues from the refined format [28].Once these data were extracted from both travel websites into a statistical format, the researcher manually filtered through each textual reviews using keywords that imply dissatisfaction and connected it to certain hotel features, focusing primarily on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) 5 parameters. There is no software involved in the manual filtration other than the researcher engages in accurate interpretation of each review based on its keyword classification and categorizes it in accordance to the construct measure. Some text mining and keywords profiling (but, not limited to) is as shown below:

Table -4 List of keywords profiling indicating human perceived response of IEQ

Construct measured Keyword(s) classification

Indoor environmental quality

(IEQ) parameters

Indoor air quality (IAQ) Air conditioning, air, stuffy, hot, air flow, humid, sweat, cold

Thermal comfort

Lighting dark, dim, insufficient light, glare, bright, no window, daylight

Visual No view, facing bad view, no window

Acoustic/ Noise Noisy, can hear surrounding noise,

Comfort Comfortable, discomfort

Satisfaction Satisfied, happy, unsatisfied, bad, angry



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 663

Other present dissatisfaction review unrelated to the above highlighted dissatisfaction keyword profiling will still be taken into consideration for tabulation, however, it may not impact the result of this study. It may include dissatisfaction towards human operation and services, food and beverages, availability of specific amenities and facilities, et cetera.

Online IEQ complaint rate

Following a pioneering study by Qi, et al. [25], an IEQ online complaint rate in that study is utilized in this study as shown below:

IEQ Complaint rate = IEQ complaint number x 100%

All qualified complaint number

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

A total of 3836 hotel guest review numbers is identified for this study, collected from the selected 3 former GBI rated green hotel in Kuala Lumpur. From 3836 reviews (inclusive of both positive and negative), 1011 complaints were extracted, but only 156 complaints are related to IEQ.

IEQ Complaint rate = 156 x 100% = 15.4%

1011

Chart -1 Hotel guests’ complaints out by parameters

Based on the chart above, it clearly demonstrated that based on the 1011 hotel guests’ complaints collected, only 15.4% are complaints related to the Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) parameters, 84.6% complaints are on other parameters.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 664

Table -5 Hotel guests’ complaints based on GBI EQ 5 parameters

Complaint

Category

Complaint

subject

Hotel A Hotel B Hotel C Total

Frequency

Complaint

rate

%

Frequency 156 15.4

Indoor Air/

Thermal

comfort

Air conditioning

Window

Temperature

Humidity

Ventilation

7 34 25 66 6.5

Lighting Lighting 1 0 8 9 0.89

Acoustic/

Noise Noise 2 36 33 71 7

Visual/ View View 2 5 3 10 0.99

These demonstrated that in comparison, hotel guests are significantly dissatisfied with additional parameters by

84.6% other than the Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) related by only 15.4%.

Chart 2 shows that the IEQ complaint rates ranged from 0.89% to 7%. It also affirmed that there is no correlation between qualifying complaints and IEQ complaint rate.

Chart -2 IEQ complaint rate (% - purple dot and line) and qualifying complaints (frequency- bar chart)

These affirms that with an 15.4% complaints only on Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) parameters, that hotel guests are comfortable and satisfied with the former green rated hotel guestrooms’ indoor environment during its green certification validity period, indirectly proved that the former green rated hotel achieved its Indoor Environment comfort performance effectively.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 665

IEQ complaints

Parameter 1: Indoor Air Quality and Thermal comfort

Universally accepted notion of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) revolves around its importance on the health, comfort

and productivity of its building occupants [4, 29]. Roelofsen [30] states that air quality has significant positive and negative effect on the building occupants’ productivity although different people may experience air quality differently depending on thermal experience. Naturally ventilated spaces is important for an optimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and effective energy efficiency, although mechanical ventilation is necessary under extreme high temperature weather [31]. Optimum temperature in an enclosed space is equally important as it may influence building occupants to inhabit a space for longer periods of time [32]. The importance of thermal comfort states that harmful psychological effects tend to be produced with temperatures above 26.67 degrees (c) which will decrease work output and efficiency. It further correlates the relationship between poor ventilation and body surfaces heat loss as an effect from temperature, humidity and air movement [33]. Hence, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Thermal Comfort go alongside each other and is collectively discussed as a unit in this study.

Additionally, indoor air contaminants contribute to poor health. Maintaining the pollutants’ concentration values

less than the guideline predetermined minimum level via a constant air replacement through the spaces enables the air quality comfort to be achieved. A variety of noted substances chemical predominant in nature (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, radon, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds) concentrated in the indoor air is what concerned the indoor comfort as it is capable to impact the building occupants’ health [34]. Hence, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Thermal comfort are significant parameters to achieve hotel guests’ comfort and satisfaction.

Chart -3 Issues pertaining to indoor air and thermal comfort

Based on hotel guests’ online review from both travel websites taken within the date of its green certification

validity period, Chart 3 shows the categorization of complaints pertaining to indoor air and thermal comfort. As shown, major complaints carry 31% is due to faulty air conditioning unit, followed by 26% complaints due to temperature of the air conditioning unit and 21% complained on control of the air conditioning unit. Minor complaints such as temperature and ventilation in the hotel guestroom carry 9% respectively, followed by dusty air and eye irritation due to Sick Building syndrome (SBS) by 1% respectively.

E.P.A. [35]cited by Patnaik and Mishra [33] list out the poor health symptoms related to poor Indoor Air Quality

(IAQ) which is “irritated eyes, nose and throat, upper respiratory infections, nausea, dizziness, headaches and fatigue, or sleepiness— have collectively been referred to as “Sick Building Syndrome” (SBS).



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 666

Parameter 2: Lighting

Musa, et al. [36] states that good quality lighting can improve a person’s vision comfort, enhances focus, emotion,

and attitude. A sufficient level of lighting, both natural daylighting and artificial lighting, in relation to performance, productivity, quality, morale and energy conservation can influence the health of building occupants [37, 38]. Hence, lighting is one of a significant parameter to achieve hotel guests’ comfort and satisfaction.

Chart -4 Issues pertaining to Lighting

Based on hotel guests’ online review from both travel websites taken within the date of its green certification validity period, Chart 4 shows the categorization of complaints pertaining to lighting. As shown, major complaints carry 43% is due to control over lighting. Other complaints such as faulty lighting, lighting design, lighting level and daylighting carry 15%, 14%, 14%, and 14% respectively.

Parameter 3: Acoustic

Earlier studies by researchers has agreed that “Acoustics have also been shown to have an impact on productivity”

[39-41]. A lot of building occupant’s may not acknowledge the risk pertaining to excessive noise [42]. Negative impact of excessive noise in the spaces “can negatively affect psychosocial relationships and working performance”, and ignite various health issues such as high blood pressure and hearing loss [37, 43]. GBI Malaysia Hotel Acoustic criteria specification is as below:

Table -6 GBI Acoustic criteria for NRNC Hotel rating tools [3]



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 667

Chart -5 Noise sources

Based on hotel guests’ online review from both travel websites taken within the date of its green certification validity period, Chart 5 shows the categorization of complaints pertaining to noise sources. As shown, major noise sources came from other people from outside of the guestroom with 51%, followed by 36% noise from the exterior of the building,12% noise came from amenities and 1% from fire appliances respectively.

Parameter 4: View

Chart -5 Issues pertaining to view

Construction view

11%

Infrastructure

view

11%

Building view

11%

View to outside

No or Unattractive

view

67%

ISSUES PERTAINING TO VIEW



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 668

Creating high performance luminous environment through the careful integration of natural and artificial light sources will improve the lighting quality of a building [44]. Based on hotel guests’ online review from both travel websites taken within the date of its green certification validity period, Chart 6 shows the categorization of complaints pertaining to view. As shown, major view complaints are due to having no view or unattractive view with 67%, followed by 11% respectively for view of infrastructure, construction and other building view.

IV.LIMITATION Since the hotel guests’ online review from travel website comprises of a variety of information classification inclusive of complaints pertaining to non-IEQ parameters, hence, this study tabulated both briefly with the main focus exclusively on complaints pertaining to IEQ parameters. Due to these, it is identifiable that there are more complaints on non-IEQ related subject by 84.6% as compared to IEQ related by 15.4%. This may be due to hotel guests’ different levels of knowledge. Some might not be aware, have any or lack of knowledge on IEQ related terms such as ventilation, humidity, thermal and as such. Hence, hotel guest is not obligated to make a remark or provide a review on it, in contrast with survey questionnaire where the question structure has been set to provoke respondent to provide a response.

The chosen locality where the green hotels operate is located in Kuala Lumpur. Therefore, the green hotels are influenced by the culture and surrounding environment. This might pose differences for green hotels from other states or country in similar studies.

V.CONCLUSION

This paper enhances IEQ research through the use of a developing, but promising approach using text mining approach to retrieve data from travel website's online hotel guests' reviews. Firstly, an IEQ complaint rate was introduced to measure quantitatively the environmental efficiency of the indoor hotel. Next, grouping complaints is categorized into four groups in reference to the standardized GBI IEQ Hotel item list. For IEQ complaints, the results showed a percentage of 15.4% in comparison to non-IEQ related complaints at 84.6%. with Noise having the most complaint at 7%, followed by Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Thermal comfort at 6.5%. View/ Visual and Lighting carries 0.99% and 0.89% respectively.

REFERENCES

[1] Tourism Malaysia. (2019, June). MyTourismData. Available: http://mytourismdata.tourism.gov.my/

[2] H. S. Abdulaali, I. M. S. Usman, and M. Al-Ruwaishedi, "A Review on Sustainable and Green Development in the Tourism and Hotel Industry in Malaysia," Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, vol. 11, pp. 854-867, 10/31 2019.

[3] GreenBuildingIndex, ed, 2019.

[4] H. S. Abdulaali, M. Hanafiah, I. M. S. Usman, N. U. M. Nizam, and M. Abdulhasan, "A Review on Green Hotel Rating Tools, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and Human Comfort," vol. 29, pp. 128-157, 01/27 2020.

[5] M. N. Baharuddin, A. Che-Ani, N. Goh, M. Mohd Tahir, N. Mohd Tawil, and N. Utaberta, BUILDING USER MANUAL: A VITAL

COMPONENT OF THE MALAYSIAN GREEN BUILDING INDEX. 2011. [6] H. Abdulaali, I. Usman, M. Hanafiah, M. Abdulhasan, M. Hamzah, and A. Nazal, "Impact of poor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) to

Inhabitants' Health, Wellbeing and Satisfaction," pp. xx-xx, 01/01 2020.

[7] M. Suh, H. Moon, H. Han, and S. Ham, "Invisible and Intangible, but Undeniable: Role of Ambient Conditions in Building Hotel Guests’ Loyalty," Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 727-753, 2015/10/03 2015.

[8] X. Kong, S. Lu, P. Gao, N. Zhu, W. Wu, and X. Cao, "Research on the energy performance and indoor environment quality of typical

public buildings in the tropical areas of China," Energy and Buildings, vol. 48, pp. 155-167, 2012/05/01/ 2012. [9] E. G. Dascalaki, A. G. Gaglia, C. A. Balaras, and A. Lagoudi, "Indoor environmental quality in Hellenic hospital operating rooms," Energy

and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 551-560, 2009/05/01/ 2009.

[10] N. W. Kuo, H. C. Chiang, and C. M. Chiang, "Development and application of an integrated indoor air quality audit to an international hotel building in Taiwan," (in English), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Article vol. 147, no. 1-3, pp. 139-147, 2008.

[11] E. Asadi, J. J. Costa, and M. Gameiro da Silva, "Indoor air quality audit implementation in a hotel building in Portugal," (in English),

Building and Environment, Article vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1617-1623, 2011. [12] W. Chan et al., "Indoor air quality in new hotels’ guest rooms of the major world factory region," International Journal of Hospitality

Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 26-32, 2009/03/01/ 2009.

[13] Z. H. Gou, S. S. Y. Lau, and F. N. Chen, "Subjective and Objective Evaluation of the Thermal Environment in a Three-Star Green Office Building in China," (in English), Indoor and Built Environment, Article vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 412-422, Jun 2012.

[14] B. Yousef, A. M, and M. A, "Evaluation of the Indoor Environmental Quality in Training Workshops," International Journal of

Environmental Pollution and Solutions, 01/01 2013. [15] T. Hwang and J. T. Kim, "Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality in Open-Plan Offices," (in English), Indoor and Built

Environment, Article vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 139-156, Feb 2013.

[16] H. H. Liang, C. P. Chen, R. L. Hwang, W. M. Shih, S. C. Lo, and H. Y. Liao, "Satisfaction of occupants toward indoor environment quality of certified green office buildings in Taiwan," (in English), Building and Environment, Article vol. 72, pp. 232-242, Feb 2014.

[17] L. Dias Pereira, D. Raimondo, S. P. Corgnati, and M. Gameiro da Silva, "Assessment of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in

Portuguese secondary classrooms: Methodology and results," Building and Environment, vol. 81, pp. 69-80, 2014/11/01/ 2014.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 669

[18] M. Turunen, O. Toyinbo, T. Putus, A. Nevalainen, R. Shaughnessy, and U. Haverinen-Shaughnessy, "Indoor environmental quality in

school buildings, and the health and wellbeing of students," (in English), International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Article vol. 217, no. 7, pp. 733-739, Sep 2014.

[19] S. Tsushima, S. Tanabe, and K. Utsumi, "Workers' awareness and indoor environmental quality in electricity-saving offices," (in English),

Building and Environment, Article vol. 88, pp. 10-19, Jun 2015. [20] N. M. Salleh, S. N. Kamaruzzaman, M. Riley, E. M. A. Zawawi, and R. Sulaiman, "A quantitative evaluation of indoor environmental

quality in refurbished kindergarten buildings: A Malaysian case study," (in English), Building and Environment, Article vol. 94, pp. 723-

733, Dec 2015. [21] D. Leung, R. Law, and H. A. Lee, "The perceived destination image of Hong Kong on Ctrip.com," International Journal of Tourism

Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 124-140, 2011.

[22] H. Li, Q. Ye, and R. Law, "Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: An Application of Online Review Analysis," Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 784-802, 2013/10/01 2013.

[23] K. L. Xie, C. Chen, and S. Wu, "Online Consumer Review Factors Affecting Offline Hotel Popularity: Evidence from Tripadvisor,"

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 211-223, 2016/02/12 2016. [24] Z. Liu and S. Park, "What makes a useful online review? Implication for travel product websites," Tourism Management, vol. 47, pp. 140-

151, 2015/04/01/ 2015.

[25] M. Qi, X. Li, E. Zhu, and Y. Shi, "Evaluation of perceived indoor environmental quality of five-star hotels in China: An application of online review analysis," Building and Environment, vol. 111, pp. 1-9, 2017/01/01/ 2017.

[26] K. B. Wright, "Researching Internet-based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire

authoring software packages, and web survey services," Journal of computer-mediated communication, vol. 10, no. 3, p. JCMC1034, 2005. [27] Agoda Company Pte Ltd. (2020). Available: https://www.agoda.com/en-gb/

[28] A.-H. Tan, "Text mining: The state of the art and the challenges," in Proceedings of the PAKDD 1999 Workshop on Knowledge

Disocovery from Advanced Databases, 1999, vol. 8, pp. 65-70: sn. [29] E. Asadi, M. G. Da Silva, and J. J. Costa, "Measurement and simulation of indoor air quality and CO2 concentration in a hotel room," in

ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, ESDA2010, Istanbul, 2010, vol. 4, pp. 545-554.

[30] P. Roelofsen, "The impact of office environments on employee performance: The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement," Journal of Facilities Management, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 247-264, 2002.

[31] N. Norazman, A. Ani, J. a. Nor Haslina, and M. A. Khoiry, "Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Accuracy of Natural Ventilation for Temperature, Air Flow Rate and Relative Humidity (RH) in School Building Classrooms," International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE),

vol. 7, pp. 42-45, 07/09 2018.

[32] A. R. Musa, N. A. G. Abdullah, A. I. Che-Ani, N. M. Tawil, and M. M. Tahir, "Temperature Analysis for Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) of UKM Architecture Studio," in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Teaching and Learning Congress 2011, Vol Ii, vol. 60, S. R. S.

Abdullah, S. A. Osman, and N. Mohamad, Eds. (Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2012, pp.

575-581. [33] A. Patnaik and R. Mishra, "Climate Controlled Environment and Student Productivity: An Empirical Analysis," Parikalpana: KIIT

Journal of Management, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 127, 2014.

[34] A. Guida, A. Pagliuca, and G. Rospi, "Underground spaces and indoor comfort: The case of "sassi di Matera"," in 1st International Conference on Underground Spaces - Design, Engineering and Environmental Aspects, Underground Spaces 2008, New Forest, 2008, vol.

102, pp. 149-158.

[35] E.P.A. (2020). EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. Available: https://www.epa.gov/ [36] A. R. Musa, N. A. G. Abdullah, A. I. Che-Ani, N. M. Tawil, and M. M. Tahir, "Indoor Environmental Quality for UKM Architecture

Studio: An Analysis on Lighting Performance," in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Teaching and Learning Congress 2011, Vol Ii, vol. 60,

S. R. S. Abdullah, S. A. Osman, and N. Mohamad, Eds. (Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2012, pp. 318-324.

[37] M.-Y. Leung and I. Fung, "Enhancement of classroom facilities of primary schools and its impact on learning behaviors of students,"

Facilities, vol. 23, pp. 585-594, 11/01 2005. [38] N. Norazman, A. Ani, J. a. Nor Haslina, and M. A. Khoiry, "Indoor Lighting in Classroom Environment Influences on Students’ Learning

Performance," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, pp. 986-990, 12/25 2018.

[39] C. S. Cash, "Building condition and student achievement and behavior," Virginia Tech, 1993. [40] G. Earthman, "Prioritization of 31 criteria for school building adequacy," 01/01 2004.

[41] C. Uline and M. Tschannen-Moran, "The walls speak: The interplay of quality facilities, school climate, and student achievement," Journal

of Educational Administration, vol. 46, pp. 55-73, 02/01 2008. [42] N. F. A. Hamzah, W. S. Ishak, and R. Mazlan, "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS NOISE AMONG

STUDENTS OF UKM KUALA LUMPUR CAMPUS," INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES, vol. 3, no. 1, pp.

557-557, 2019.

[43] C. P. Lebo and K. P. Oliphant, "Music as a source of acoustic trauma," The Laryngoscope, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 1211-1218, 1968.

[44] S. Sharif, S. N. Kamaruzzaman, and M. Pitt, "Implementation Framework of Green Building for Malaysian Government Building: KKR2

Study," MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 66, p. 00095, 01/01 2016.



ISSN No : 1006-7930

Page No: 670

Online review analysis of perceived Indoor Environmental ...xajzkjdx.cn/gallery/63-june2020.pdf ·...

Documents

Transcript of Online review analysis of perceived Indoor Environmental ...xajzkjdx.cn/gallery/63-june2020.pdf ·...