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^`jnrbrljultn Tnsnlrem Kppkrtu`aty Xrkbrlc(^TKX) Xrkgnet Tnpkrt

Un`tacn`t L`lfysas ki tmn Zwattnr Ekrpus

Dy

Ulcl`tml Rk`b Uma` @nn

Jnplrtcn`t ki Ekcputnr Uean`en

Uemkkf ki Ekcputa`b

@ltak`lf ^`avnrsaty ki Ua`blpkrn

48

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^`jnrbrljultn Tnsnlrem Kppkrtu`aty Xrkbrlc(^TKX) Xrkgnet Tnpkrt

Un`tacn`t L`lfysas ki tmn Zwattnr Ekrpus

Dy

Ulcl`tml Rk`b Uma` @nn

Jnplrtcn`t ki Ekcputnr Uean`en

Uemkkf ki Ekcputa`b

@ltak`lf ^`avnrsaty ki Ua`blpkrn

48

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Ldstrlet

Zkjly tmn rnputltak` ki l drl`j, prkjuet kr snrvaen el` eml`bn cuem ckrn rlpajfy tml`dnikrn watm skealf cnjal, l`j tmn rl`bn ki ek`sucnr sn`tacn`t l`j lttatujn tmrkubm skealfcnjal suem ls Zwattnr, Ilendkko, nte. mls lfsk brkw` nxpk`n`talffy.

Drl`j rnputltak` ca`a`b dy ck`atkra`b skealf cnjal skurens ikr fl`bulbn tmlt cly l netrnputltak` a` l pksatavn kr `nbltavn wly el` dn l pkwnriuf tkkf ikr l ekcpl`ys pudfae rnfltak`s

l`j clronta`b jnplrtcn`ts.Rn irlcn kur prkdfnc ls l tnxt eflssa eltak` prkdfnc. Rn wkro watm Zwattnr jltl (twnntsek`tla`a`b l ekcpl`y `lcn, kr snvnrlf ekcpl`y `lcns), l`j survny twk nxasta`b cntmkjs a`sn tacn t l`lfysas l`j tnxt eflssa eltak`. Kur bklf as tk prkpksn l `kvnf lpprklem tk jntnettmn pkflraty ki l twnnt watm rnspnet tk l plrtaeuflr ekcpl`y7 wmntmnr at as pksatavn, `nbltavn,kr `nutrlf.

Uudgnet Jnseraptkrs7A.4.2 @lturlf Fl`bulbn Xrkenssa`b

Onywkrjs7sn`tacn`t l`lfysas, kpa`ak` ca`a`b, sacaflraty cnlsurns, tnxt eflssa eltak`

Acpfncn`tltak` Ukitwlrn l`j Mlrjwlrn7CLEKU ]

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Leo`kwfnjbncn`t

A wkufj faon tk tml`o cy ilcafy, iran`js l`j ljvaskr. Ratmkut tmnc, A wkufj `kt mlvn dn ldfn

tk ekcpfntn tmas prkgnet.

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Fast ki Zldfns

4.< TnpFld48

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Zldfn ki Ek`tn`ts

Zatfn a

Ldstrlet aa

Leo`kwfnjbncn`t aaa

Fast ki Zldfns av

< A`trkjuetak` )

@krclfaznj Uekrn (eflss a) 3 gR twnnt

X (eflss a|tkon` g )X ( tkon` g )

X (eflss a) (4.9)

Zmas wls l` lttncpt tk ncufltn tmn ti-aji ek`enpt a` a`ikrcltak` rntranvlf dy a`vnrsnfy

rnflta`b tmn vlfun ki tmn ek`jatak`lf prkdldafaty ki l tkon` bavn` l eflss, dy tmn prkdldafaty ki

l tkon` a` bn`nrlf.

@krclfazltak` dy Fkblratmc

Uekrn (eflss a) 3

gR twnntX (eflss a|tkon` g)fkb4 X (tkon` g)

(4.2)

@krclfaznj Uekrn (eflss a) 3 gR twnnt

X (eflss a|tkon` g )fkb4 X ( tkon` g )fkb4 X (eflss a)

(4.=)

=

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Zmkubm tmn nqultak` stltnj usns fkb 4, at wkufj dn nquavlfn`t tk usn fkblratmcs ki ktmnr dlsns

sa`en lff fkblratmcs lrn ck`ktk`aelffy a`ernlsa`b iu`etak`s, l`j tmn ek`vnrsak` ki tmn vlfun ki

k`n fkblratmc a` dlsn l tk dlsn d as l ek`stl`t iletkr ki fkb l (d), wmaem wkufj uftacltnfy mlvn

`k n net k` tmn rnfltavn sazns ki tmn sekrns.

@krclfazltak` dy Nxpk`n`taltak`

Uekrn (eflss a) 3

gR twnntnxp X (eflss a|tkon` g) (4.1)

@krclfaznj Uekrn (eflss a) 3 gR twnnt nxp X (eflss a|tkon` g)

nxp X (eflss a) (4.

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Emlptnr 5

Tnsufts l`j Jaseussak`

A` tmas snetak , wn prnsn`t l`j jaseuss kur rnsufts. Ikr kur nvlfultak` cnlsurns, wn usnj

Xrneasak`, Tnelff l`j l stl`jlrj I-Cnlsurn wmnrn 3 < ikr tmn X - Xksatavn , N - @nutrlf , @ -

@nbltavn eflssns, ls wnff ls K - Kvnrlff .

5.< Ia ja`b tmn Dnst Xrn-prkenssa`b Unqun`en

Rn usnj tmn Gleelrj l`j Eksa`n Uacaflraty Cnlsurns tk snfnet irkc l flrbn rl`bn ki prn-

prkenssa`b kptak`s. Zldfns 5.< l`j 5.4 smkw l ekcplrask` lck`bst tmn vlrakus prn-prkenssa`b

kptak`s, watm Zldfn 5.< wls jnravnj usa`b tmn Ckst Ekcck` Zwnnt (CEZ) Uemncn, l`j Zldfn

5.4 wls jnravnj usa`b tmn Zkp Zwnnt (ZZ) Uemncn. At as efnlr tmlt tmn ZZ Uemncn kutpnrikrcs

tmn CEZ Uemncn k` nvnry jltl snt.

Mkwnvnr, at as `kt efnlr wmaem jltl snt as dnst suatnj ikr prkenssa`b ls tmn jltl snts tmlt

pnrikrc wnff lrn `kt ek`sastn`t dntwnn` tmn twk sacaflraty cnlsurns. @X as @k Xu`etultak`

- lff pu`etultak`s l`j ncktaek`s mlvn dnn` rnckvnj irkc tmn tnxts? UX as Upfat Xu`etul-

tak` - lff pu`etultak`s l`j ncktaek`s mlvn dnn` spfat a`tk emlrletnrs ki fn`btm k`n? LXUN

as Lff Xu`etultak` Upfat Ncktaek` - pu`etultak`s mlvn dnn` rntla`nj a` tmnar kraba`lf stltn?

FXUN as Fnss Xu`etultak` Upfat Ncktaek` - pu`etultak`s mlvn dnn` rntla`nj a` tmnar kraba`lf

stltn nxenpt ikr tmksn ki fn`btm k`n? NK as Ncktaek`s K`fy - k`fy cltemnj ncktaek`s mlvn

dnn` rntla`nj nxenpt ikr tmksn stlrta`b watm spnealf Zwattnr sycdkfs? NKU as Ncktaek`s K`fy

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Uwlppnj - k`fy cltemnj ncktaek`s mlvn dnn` rntla`nj.

Rn fkko lt tmn vlfuns irkc tmn Zkp Zwnnt Zldfn 5.4 ikr tmn ikffkwa`b ekcplrask`s. Ikr

tmn Gleelrj Uacaflraty Cnlsurn, tmn UX jltl snt l`j tmn FXUN jltl snt ilrnj tmn dnst watm

l 8.88: ljvl`tlbn a` kvnrlff I-Cnlsurn kvnr tmn wkrst pnrikrca`b jltl snt NK , wmaem mlj l`

I-Cnlsurn ki 8.>5>. Zmas wls l ja nrn`en ki 8.2:=%.

Ikr tmn Eksa`n Uacaflraty Cnlsurn, tmn NK jltl snt mlj tmn dnst kvnrlff I-Cnlsurn ki 8.>54,

wmaem wls l 4.5

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Zldfn 5. 8.>22 8.5>5 8.524 8.:5: 8.929 8.5=5 8.45: 8.52= 8.514 8.:5: 8.918 8.522 8.481 8.:4>

LXUN 8.:25 8.>:8 8.52: 8.51: 8.:59 8.9=2 8.521 8.424 8.5>2 8.594 8.:58 8.92> 8.52= 8.41> 8.552 8.5:= 8.:42 8.9>= 8.5=1 8.4 8.>9: 8.5>< 8.59: 8.:49 8.992 8.52= 8.42 8.5:4 8.528 8.:45 8.92= 8.598 8.48= 8.: 8.52> 8.5=< 8.: 8.5=1 8.:45 8.9=2 8.5>2 8.48< 8.:>9 8.5:: 8.524 8.:4: 8.9=8 8.594 8.482 8.:2: 8.55= 8.595 8.:4> 8.928 8.52> 8.481 8.::9 8.5:= 8.529 8.:45 8.92> 8.591 8.48: 8.:

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Zldfn 5.47 ^sa`b tmn Zkp Zwnnt semncn, watm `k stncca`b.

Uacaflraty Xrn-prkenssa`b Nvlfultak` CnlsurnsLeeurley Tnelff Xrneasak`

X N @ K X N @ K

Gleelrj

@X 8.98> 8.24> 8.:9< 8.:54 8.915 8.:=< 8.:>9 8.>:

UX 8.989 8.24< 8.:2: 8.:82 8.>5: 8.91= 8.:=8 8.:>: 8.>::

LXUN 8.98: 8.2 8.:5: 8.912 8.:2= 8.:>: 8.>:5

FXUN 8.989 8.245 8.:91 8.:81 8.>5: 8.91> 8.:=< 8.:>= 8.>:>

NK 8.989 8.255 8.:>2 8.51> 8.>4= 8.918 8.:21 8.:99 8.>:>

NKU 8.98: 8.24< 8.:9> 8.:81 8.>5< 8.91: 8.:=< 8.::1 8.>:<

Eksa`n

@X 8.>12 8.24> 8.91< 8.:28 8.::8 8.>5:

UX 8.>== 8.911 8.:>1 8.51> 8.>2 8.:42 8.>

LXUN 8.>1: 8.285 8.:2< 8.:8< 8.>4> 8.914 8.:9: 8.::< 8.>54

FXUN 8.>12 8.249 8.914 8.:28 8.::: 8.>5>

NK 8.988 8.2 8.:9= 8.511 8.>42 8.914 8.:25 8.::= 8.>5=

NKU 8.>1> 8.28= 8.:95 8.:84 8.>4: 8.91< 8.:2< 8.:58 8.>599 8.284 8.>25 8.985 8.94

EX@ 8.> 8.>>= 8.:>= 8.:>1 8.:1< 8.28> 8.:81 8.4=1 8.:9=

EXF 8.9>1 8.= 8.521 8.>>= 8.91> 8.>29 8.>1> 8.94

EXN 8.>>< 8.98: 8.:1: 8.::= 8.> 8.2 8.555 8.:1:

@D 8.959 8.=9: 8.551 8.589 8.>85 8.9>> 8.>>= 8.948 8.942 8.914 8.:25 8.::= 8.>5=

EKU@ 8.>=1 8.9=> 8.:=< 8.:48 8.>41 8.912 8.:98 8.:4> 8.>4=

EKUF 8.9> 8.>:1

GLE 8.989 8.255 8.:>2 8.51> 8.>4= 8.918 8.:21 8.:99 8.>:>

Utnccnj

EX 8.99< 8.=9> 8.28< 8.>25 8.98< 8.94>

EX@ 8.>89 8.>:: 8.:>: 8.:>> 8.:=: 8.288 8.512 8.4=> 8.:9<

EXF 8.9>9 8.=>> 8.915 8.>91 8.>1: 8.9>< 8.98: 8.:14 8.:>4 8.>8: 8.9>> 8.>>= 8.955 8.9

EKU 8.98= 8.245 8.:29 8.:81 8.>59 8.919 8.:=8 8.:28 8.>:1

EKU@ 8.>=1 8.9=> 8.:=< 8.:48 8.>41 8.912 8.:98 8.:4> 8.>4=

EKUF 8.9> 8.>:1

GLE 8.9 8.:9: 8.:59 8.91> 8.:=5 8.:=< 8.>>5

< :

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Zldfn 5.:7 L Ekcplrask` dntwnn` Kur EX Lpprklem l`j tmn Dnst-Xnrikrcnr a` TnpFld4899 8.949 8.>=9

TnpFld48 8.5=4

5.5 Jaseussak` k` Dnst Xnrikrca`b Cntmkjs

Kur prkpksnj Uuc ki Ek`jatak`lf Xrkdldafatans Cntmkj kutpnrikrcnj lff tmn cntmkjs l`j tmnar

vlral`ts.

At mlj l` kvnrlff I-Cnlsurn ki 8.>=9 ikr dktm stnccnj l`j u`stnccnj vnrsak`s ki tmn NK

jltl snt. Zmas wls l

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Zldfn 5.>7 L Ekcplrask` ki Zacn Ekcpfnxaty k` tmn @X jltlsnt.

Lpprklem Zacn

Gleelrj .

5.9 L @ktn k` tmn Xnrikrcl`en ki tmn @lavn Dlyns Eflssa nr

Zmn @lavn Dlyns Eflssa nr pnrikrcnj rnfltavnfy pkkrfy, nspnealffy a` tmn nvlfultak` cnlsurns

ki tmn @nutrlf l`j @nbltavn eflssns. Zmas ekufj dn jun tk tmn mabmfy sonwnj `lturn ki tmntrla`a`b snt, wmaem prkvajnj cl`y ckrn Xksatavn nxlcpfns ls ekcplrnj tk @nutrlf l`j @nbltavn

nxlcpfns. Zmnrn wkufj dn l tn`jn`ey ikr wkrjs tk lppnlr a` tmn Xksatavn snt, sacpfy dy vartun

ki ats irnqun`ey. Zmas mkwnvnr, as l` u`nxpnetnj l`kclfy l`j wkrtm ckrn a`vnstabltak . L

`krclfaza`b iletkr k` tmn `lf sekrn ikr nxlcpfn, cabmt a`ernlsn pnrikrcl`en.

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Emlptnr :

Ek`efusak`

Rn snt kut tk survny skcn nxasta`b cntmkjs ki tnxt eflssa eltak` k` l rnfltavnfy `nw ekrpus, l`j

elcn up watm l sacpfn dut n netavn, `k`-pfltikrc jnpn`jn`t cntmkj ikr acprkva`b sn`tacn`t

l`lfysas.

:.< Uuc ki Ek`jatak`lf Xrkdldafatans7 L @kvnf Lpprklem

Kur Uuc ki Ek`jatak`lf Xrkdldafatans Lpprklem as sacpfn, strlabmt-ikrwlrj l`j n netavn. At

lfsk mls l supnrakr tacn ekcpfnxaty ekcplrnj tk nxasta`b sacaflraty cnlsurns. At qul`tatltavnfy

tlons a`tk leeku`t lff tmn tkon`s tmlt mlj lppnlrnj a` tmn trla`a`b ekrpus, l`j jkns `kt pn`lfazn

twnnts ikr dna`b tkk fk`b, ls tmn @lavn Dlyns (@D) Eflssa nr jkns. At lfsk rnfans k`fy k` l trla`a`b

ekrpus, l`j as `k`-pfltikrc jnpn`jn`t.

Rmafn at dnlrs cl`y rnsncdfl`ens tk tmn @D Eflssa nr (wn prkvajn l ekcpfntn l`lfysas

a` tmn Lppn`jax) dnelusn ki ats usn ki ek`jatak`lf prkdldafatans, at as `kt rnstraetnj dy straet

ek`jatak`lf a`jnpn`jn`en lssucptak`s ki tmn tkon`s, wmaem lppnlr tk dn ekcpfntnfy u`trun

bavn` kur @D rnsufts. At as l` lpprklem tmlt cly dn ljkptnj ikr iuturn wkro a` sn tacn t

l`lfysas, u`rnstraetnj tk tmn Zwattnr ekrpus.

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:.4 Ktmnr Ek`tradutak`s

:.4.< ^sn ki Zkon`s

Rn jn `nj l`j usnj tkon`s a`stnlj ki wkrjs, lffkwa`b ikr tmn ilet tmlt skcn pu`etultak`s clyek`tla` pkflraty a`ikrcltak`.

:.4.4 L Fnxaek` irkc Zrla a`b Jltl

Rn mlvn l fn ki tkon`s l`j tmn prkdldafaty ki l eflss bavn` tmnar keeurrn`en a` l fn, wmaem

cly dn trl`sfltnj a`tk l fnxaek` ki pksatavn, `nbltavn l`j `nutrlf rlta`bs irk nlem tkon`.

:.5 Iuturn Rkro

K`n ajnl as tk usn Xlrts-Ki-Upnnem tlbba`b tk rn `n tmas cntmkj. Ktmnr sacaflraty cnlsurns cly

lfsk dn survnynj, suem ls tmn Ouffdleo-Fnadfnr Javnrbn`en l`j Ca`acuc N`trkpy cnlsurns. At

wkufj dn `aen tk mlvn skcn ek`efusavn a`ikrcltak` k` wmaem prn-prkenssa`b tnem`aqun el` dn

nxpnetnj tk wkro dnst ikr wmaem sudsnqun`t prkenssa`b cntmkj.

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Tninrn`ens

D. Xl`b, F. Fnn Kpa`ak` Ca`a`b l`j Un`tacn`t L`lfysas. 488=.

D. Fau, F. Wml`b L Uurvny ki Kpa`ak` Ca`a`b l`j Un`tacn`t L`lfysas. 48

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Lppn`jax L

Lfbkratmcs

L.< Zkon`aza`b `k`-splen-spfattnr tnxt

Qku mlvn l jaetak lry ki lff vlfaj wkrjs a` ykur ekrpus. Qku lrn bavn` l fa`n ki tnxt watm `k

splen, l`j wasm tk snplrltn at a`tk cnl`a`biuf wkrjs. Lttncpt tk cltem l`y ki tmn wkrjs

a` tmas jaetak`lry (a` lfpmldntaelf krjnr) tk tmn fa`n ki tnxt stlrta`b irkc tmn rst emlrletnr.

K`en l cltem as iku`j, rnpnlt tmn prkenjurn ikr tmn rncla`a`b plrt ki tmn stra`b u`taf tmn

`nxt cltemnj wkrj (lbla` stlrta`b irkc tmn dnba``a`b ki tmn jaetak`lry) as iku`j. Onnp jka`b

tmas u`taf yku rnlem tmn n`j ki tmn a`put fa`n. Ai `k cltem el` dn iku`j bavn` tmn rncla`a`b

emlrletnrs, dleotrleo tk tmn flst cltemnj emlrletnr, l`j ek`ta`ua`b irkc tmlt pksatak` a` tmn

jaetak`lry, try tk `j l`ktmnr wkrj tmlt cltemns skcn plrt ki tmn dnba``a`b ki tmn rncla`a`b

stra`b.

Zmn lfbkratmc ru`s a` K (JF ) tacn wmnrn J as tmn sazn ki tmn jaetak`lry l`j F as tmn fn`btm

ki tmn a`put fa`n.

L-

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Lppn`jax D

Xrkkis

D.< Xrkki ki Tnfltak` watm @lavn Dlyns Eflssa nr

Rn dnba` watm sudstatuta`b Dlyns Zmnkrnc a`tk tmn ek`jatak`lf prkdldafaty watm eflss ls l

pkstnrakr.

X (tkon`

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lrbclx X (tkon`