Using Live Online Communication to Overcome Barriers to Learning
Online Learning: Benefits and Barriers · Online Learning: Benefits and Barriers What does online...
Transcript of Online Learning: Benefits and Barriers · Online Learning: Benefits and Barriers What does online...
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OnlineLearning:BenefitsandBarriers
Whatdoesonlinelearninglooklike?Today’s student is presented with a wide array of online technologies for accessing
educational material and a diverse selection of settings in which to utilize them. Thetechnological tools employed in online learning are constantly evolving, and include bothsynchronousandasynchronouscommunicationoutlets,aswell asonlinewebportals,blogs,webchat,email,videolectures,andmore.
Of these technology‐enhanced settings, blended/hybrid classrooms and distancelearningareincreasinglyused2,3,11.Indistancelearning,studentsreceivetheentiretyoftheirinstructiononline.Inblended/hybridcourses,studentsaccesseducationalcontentinbothatraditional brick and mortar classroom and online settings. In addition to blended/hybridclasses,manytraditionalclassroomssupplementinstructionwithonlinelearningcomponents.
ResearchBrief
Whoarethestudentsparticipatinginonlinelearning? In2001‐2011,46%ofcollegegraduateshadtakenaclassonline.11
4‐15%ofcollegestudentscompletetheirdegreeentirelyonline.3,11
In2011‐2012,morethan4millionK‐12studentswerelearningonline.7
Collegestudentswhoareolder,havefulltimejobs,spouses,ordependentsaremorelikelytoen‐rollindistancelearning.12
Onlinelearningmaybeparticularlybeneficialforruraland/orgifteddeaflearners.4
Whereisonlinelearninghappening?
About90%ofcollegesofferdistance‐learningopportunities.1
Around75%ofK‐12schoolsofferblended‐learningprograms.5
Highschoolsareincreasinglyofferingdistanceeducationopportunities.2,3,5,7
Onlinelearningisalreadyaprerequisiteforgraduationin5states.7
Onlinelearningisincreasinglyusedindeafeducationsettings,particularlyforspecializedprograms(i.e.,teachertrainingandscienceeducation).6,13
“Onlinelearningisincreasinglyusedindeafeducationsettings.”
Onlinelearningisoften
saidto“levelthe
playingfield”fordeaf
students.
Whatdodeafstudentsexperienceinonlinelearning?
Increasedquantityandqualityinteractionswithprofessorsandpeers.9,10
Greateraccesstocoursecontent.9,14
Highercomprehension,learningoutcomes,andgrades.6,8,14
Communicationdifficultiesrelatedtoclassroomaccommodationscanbeavoided.10
Whatarethingstobemindfulofwhendesigningonlinelearningcontent? Interaction,feedback,andmultimodalinstructionareallcrucialtosuccessfullearning.
Accessibilityislostwhenonlinelearningcoursesutilizeaudiocontentwithoutcaptionsortranscripts,servicesreliantonvoicecommunication,and/orexclusivelyEnglishcontentwithoutASLtranslationsoftextandaudiocontent.
Visualdemandsshouldbeminimized.Multitaskingdemandsarehigherondeafstudents,astheymustattendtovideorepresentationofaudiocontentinadditiontoattendingtothesamevisualinformationhearingstudentsarepresentedwith.15
Whilehearingstudentscanattendtomultiplesourcesofauditoryandvisualstimulisimultaneously,deafstudentsmustswitchbetweensourcesconsecutively,whichoftenleadstomissedinformationwhencontentispresentedconcurrently.16
Lagsininternetconnectioncandisruptreceptionofinformation.Allvideorepresentationsoftheaudiostreamshouldberewindableandaccessiblewithouttimelimit.
Over‐video captions are preferable for non‐technical content, while full transcripts arepreferablefortechnicalcontent.17
Whatroledoesinternetchatplayinonlinelearningfordeafstudents? Increasedinteractionleadstoacademicgainsforbothdeafandhearingstudents.8
Deafstudentsreportfeelingthatonlinechat“levelstheplayingfield”forthem.8,9
Evendeafstudentswithlowerliteracyreportpositiveexperienceswithonlinechat.8,9
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References
1Akanegbu,A.(2012).50strikingstatisticsaboutdistancelearninginhighereducation:Thephysical classroomisbecomingadistantmemoryforsomestudents.EdtechMagazine.Retrievedfrom http://www.edtechmagazine.com/higher/article//2012/ 07/50‐striking‐statistics‐about‐distance‐learning‐higher‐education2Allen,I.E.,&Seaman,J.(2011).Goingthedistance:Onlineeducationintheunitedstates,2011.Babson SurveyResearchGroup.3Aud,S.,Hussar,W.,Kena,G.,Bianco,K.,Frohlich,L.,Kemp,J.,&Tahan,K.(2011).Theconditionofeducation,
2011[NCES2012‐045](NCES2012‐045).Washington,D.C.:U.S.DepartmentofEducation,NationalCenterforEducationStatistics.
4Belcastro,F.P.(2004).Ruralgiftedstudentswhoaredeaforhardofhearing:Howelectronictechnology canhelp.AmericanAnnalsoftheDeaf,149(4),309.313.16Cavender,A.C.,Bigham,J.P.&Ladner,R.E.(2009,October).ClassInFocus:Enablingimprovedvisualattention strategiesfordeafandhardofhearingstudents.InProceedingsofthe11thinternationalACM SIGACCESSconferenceoncomputersandaccessibility(pp.67‐74)5Education&theWorkforceCommittee.(2013).Didyouknow?10fastfactsonschoolchoice.Retrieved fromhttp://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=31824017Kushalnagar,R.S.,Lasecki,W.S.&Bigham,J.P.(2012,October).Areadabilityevaluationofreal‐time crowdcaptionsintheclassroom.InProceedingsofthe11thinternationalACMSIGACCESSconference oncomputersandaccessibility,(pp.67‐74).ACM.6Lang,H.G.,&Steely,D.(2003).Web‐basedscienceinstructionfordeafstudents:Whatresearchsaystothe
teacher.InstructionalScience,31,277‐298.7Lepi,K.(2013).Theteacher’squickguidetoblendedlearning.Edudemic.Retrievedfrom http://www.edudemic.com/blended‐learning‐guide/8Long,G.L.,Marchetti,C.,&Fasse,R.(2011).Theimportanceofinteractionforacademicsuccessinonline
courseswithhearing,deaf,andhard‐of‐hearingstudents.TheInternationalReviewofResearchinOpenandDistanceLearning,12(6),1‐19.
9Long,G.L.,Vignare,K.,Rappold,R.P.,&Mallory,J.(2007).Accesstocommunicationfordeaf,hard‐of‐hearingandESLstudentsinblendedlearningcourses.InternationalReviewofResearchinOpen&DistanceLearning,8(3).
10Luetke,B.(2009).EvaluatingDeafeducationWeb‐basedcoursework.AmericanannalsoftheDeaf, 154(1),62‐70.11Parker,K.,Lernhart,A.,&Moore,K.(2011).Thedigitalrevolution:Mainreport.PewResearchInternet Project.Retrievedfrom:http://www.pewinternet.org/2011/08/28/main‐report‐17/12Radford,A.W.(2012).Learningatadistance:Undergraduateenrollmentindistanceeducationcoursesand
degreeprograms.NationalCenterforEducationStatistics.StatisticsinBrief.NCES,154.15Silke,S.B.,Berman,P.D.,Kline,T.,Rebilas,K.&Bosch,E.(2008).Providingonlinecourseopportunitiesfor
learnerswhoaredeaf,hard‐of‐hearing,orhearing.AmericanAnnalsoftheDeaf,153(3),304‐308.13Smith,C.,&Allman,T.(2010).Meetingthechallengesofdeafeducationteacherpreparation:Innovative
practicesinonlinelearning.JournalofOnlineLearningandTeaching,6,523‐532.14Wang,Q.(2006).Blendingelectronicandclassroomteachingtosupportdeafandhard‐of‐hearingcollege
students.InWorldConferenceonE‐LearninginCorporate,Government,Healthcare,andHigherEducation(Vol.2006,No.1,pp.2471‐2478).
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