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ONLINE HOTEL MANAGEMENT
PRIYESH KUMAR, DCA, CUSAT, Kochi-22
2010
1
Mini Project Report
On
ONLINE HOTEL MANAGEMENT
In the partial fulfillment of4th semester of
MCA
By
Pri yesh Kumar
Regn_no:95580034
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
COCHIN UNI VERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COCHIN -22
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CERTIFICATE
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGYCOCHIN-22
This is to certify that the project report entitled “ONLINE HOTEL
MANAGEMENT” is a bonafide record of the work done by PRIYESH KUMAR (Regno.95580034) As The M.C.A 4TH semester Mini project..
JUNE 2010
______________ ______________
Internal Examiner Head of the Department
Submitted on: ______________
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SYNOPSIS
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. OBJECTIVE 1.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 1.3. SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
2. SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN 2.1. PURPOSE 2.2. SCOPE 2.3. DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 2.4. TASKS 2.5. IMPLEMENTATION 2.6. DOCUMENTATION 2.7. AUDIT 2.8. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 2.9. DOCUMENT REVIEW 2.10 TESTING
3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3.1 SYSTEM STUDY 3.2FEASIBILITY STUDY
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4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 4.1User Interface Requirements
4.2Database Requirements
4.3Functional Requirements
4.4Non-Functional Requirements
4.5Other Requirements and Constraints
5. SYSTEM DESIGN 5.1 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
5.2 PROCESS DESIGN
5.3 ER-DIAGRAMS
6. DATA DESIGN6.1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS6.2ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS
6.3DATABASE DESIGN
7. SYSTEM TESTING7.1. LEVELS OF TESTING AND TEST CASES7.2VALIDATION CHECKS
8. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION9. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
10.SCREEN SHOTS
11.CONCLUSION
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have a great pleasure in acknowledging the help given byvarious individuals throughout the project work. This project isitself an acknowledgement to the inspiration, drive and technicalassistance contributed by many individuals.
I express my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Mr. K.V.Pramod, Head of the Department of Computer Applications, for being helpful and co-operative during the period of the project.
I also express my deep gratitude to the faculty members Ms.Malathi,Mr.B.Kannan, Mr.A.Sreekumar,Mr.Arun
Sir and our other faculties for their valuable guidance,timely suggestions and help in the completion of this mini project.
I extend my sincere thanks to all the non-teaching staff for providing the necessary facilities and help. Without the supportof anyone of them this project would not have been a reality.
Sincerely
PRIYESH KUMAR REGN_NO-95580034
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SYNOPSIS
OBJECTIVE:-
The Central objective of OHM is to provide Online facility for booking
Hotel. In previous system ( i.e Manual System ) , person has to go to the Hotel for booking, enquiry etc. This was the fully time consuming,expensive etc. Through this product, person can book the Hotel by sittingin the Room.
DURATION:- 3 Months
TOOLS USED FOR DEVELOPING:-
Language -> JAVA
Database -> My SQL
Technology -> JSP
Web Server -> APACHE TOMCAT 6.0
IDE -> NETBEANS
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11.. I I N N T T R ROO D DU U C C T T I I OO N N
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1. INTRODUCTION
The website which deals with the easy online reservation in an hotel with
high security and is known as „ONLINE HOTEL MANAGEMENT‟. This
Project Provides solution regarding the hotel reservation problems of
users. User can easily check availability of room & if room is available ,
then he/she can get room in the hotel. By the use of Internet the user can
save so much time for his reservation.
The project consists of two modules:-
Administrator module and User module.
Administrator Module
Can Login
Check Customer details
Check Room details
Update Room Status
User Module
Check room Availability
Fill Reservation Form
Get Reservation Slip
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1.1 Objectives:-The Central objective of OHM is to provide Online facility for booking
Hotel. In previous system ( i.e Manual System ) , person has to go to the Hotel for booking, enquiry etc. This was the fully time consuming,expensive etc. Through this product, person can book the Hotel by sittingin the Room.
1.2 Problem Definition:-
The aim is to develop software, which can manage and keep the
records of the hotel . The existing system is manual. Computerized
reservation technology enables the customer to select and rooms
without going to the hotel and he can make transactions with
through internet. Thus, the customer can save so much time
1.3 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
Hardware Configuration
Processor : Pentium III or higher
RAM : 128 MB or More
Hard Disk : 20 GB or More
Modem : 56KBPS / LAN Card
Software Configuration
Operating System : Windows XP, VISTA ,7.
Web Server : Apache
Front End : JSP
Scripts : JavaScript
Language : JAVA
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Back End : Mysql
TOOLS, TECHNIQUES AND MECHANISM
Overview of Java
HISTORY OF JAVA
Java language was developed by James Gosling and his team at sun
micro systems and released formally in 1995. Its former name is oak. Java
Development Kit 1.0 was released in 1996. To popularize java and is freely
available on Internet.
JAVA
Java is loosely based on C++ syntax, and is meant to be Object-Oriented
Structure of java is midway between an interpreted and a compiled
language. The java compiler into Byte Codes, which are secure and
portable across different platforms, compiles Java programs. These byte
codes are essentially instructions encapsulated in single type, to what isknown as a java virtual machine (JVM), which resides in standard
browser.
JVM verifies these byte codes when downloaded by the browser forintegrity. Jvms available for almost all OS. JVM converts these byte codesinto machine specific instructions at runtime.
FEATURES OF JAVA
Java is object-oriented language and supports encapsulation,
inheritance, polymorphism and dynamic binding, but does not
support multiple inheritances. Every thing in java is an object except
some primitive data types.
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Java is portable architecture neutral that is java programs once
compiled can be executed on any machine that is enabled.
Java is distributed in its approach and used for Internet
programming.
Java is robust, secured, high performing and dynamic in nature.
Java supports multithreading. There for different parts of the
program can be executed at the same time.
Overview of JSP
The JSP technology will be used to interface HTML with Java. The JSP
technology provides a seamless connection with Java and presents an
easy to use, Java-like programming constructs that can be scripted within
HTML files. Java Server Pages is a technology for developing web pages
that include dynamic content. A JSP page contains standard markup
language elements, such as HTML tags, just like a regular web page. A
JSP page also contains special JSP elements that allow the server to insertdynamic content in the web page.
ADVANTAGES OF JSP
JSP supports both scripting and element-based dynamic content.
Allows developing custom tag libraries.
JSP pages are precompiled for efficient server processing.
JSP pages can be used in combination with servlets that handle thebusiness logic.
High Security.
Can run on any J2EE compatible web Server.
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It can run on any OS that have J2EE compatible web server.
JSP separates the dynamic and static parts.
High Quality tool supports.
JSP supports N tier Application.
Write Once, Run Everywhere.
JSP is vender Neutral.
Overview of Java Script
Java script is a general purpose, prototype based, object orientedscripting language developed jointly by sun and Netscape and is meant for the WWW. Java script borrows most of its syntax from java but alsoinherits from awk and perl, with some indirect influence from self in itsobject prototype system.
Java Script is almost as easy to learn as HTML and it can be includeddirectly in HTML documents. Java Script was developed independently of
java. Java script is a high level scripting language that does not depend
on or expose particular machine representations or operating systemservices.
FEATURES: Java script is embedded into HTML documents and is executed with
in them.
Java script is browser dependent.
JavaScript is an interpreted language that can be interpreted by thebrowser at run time.
Java script is loosely typed language
Java script is an object-based language.
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Java script is an Event-Driven language and supports event
handlers to specify the functionality of a button.
The Struts framework provides the flexibility to develop the much less
coupled applications. It generalizes and strictly implements MVC-model
View Controller Architecture. That is the basic need of our architecture.
Overview of Apache Tomcat
Apache Tomcat is a servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, and
provides a "pure Java" HTTP web server environment for Java code torun.Tomcat should not be confused with the Apache web server, which is a Cimplementation of an HTTP web server; these two web servers are notbundled together. Apache Tomcat includes tools for configuration andmanagement, but can also be configured by editing XML configuration
files.
Overview of MySQL
MySQL is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database managementsystem (DBMS) which has, according to Mysql AB, more than 10 millioninstallations
Mysql is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedishcompany Mysql AB, which holds the copyright to most of the codebase.
Libraries for accessing Mysql databases are available in all major programming languages with language-specific APIs. In addition, an
ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional programminglanguages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a Mysqldatabase, such as ASP or Coldfusion. The Mysql server and officiallibraries are mostly implemented in ANSI C.
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2. SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
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2.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this plan is to define the “Customer Relationship Management” Software Quality Assurance (SQA) organization, SQA tasksand responsibilities; provide reference documents and guidelines to
perform the SQA activities; provide the standards, practices andconventions used in carrying out SQA activities; and provide the tools,techniques, and methodologies to support SQA activities, and SQAreporting.
2.2 SCOPE
The scope of this document is to outline all procedures, techniques and
tools to be used for Quality Assurance of this project. This plan: Identifies the SQA responsibilities of the project developer and the
SQA consultant
Lists the activities, processes, and work products that the SQA
consultant will review and audit
Identifies the SQA work products
2.3 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW :
The rest of the document is organized as follows: Management: A description of each major element of the organizationand a description of the SQA tasks and their relationships Documentation: Identification of the documents related todevelopment, verification, validation, use and maintenance of thesoftware. SQAP Requirements: This section defines the SQA review, reporting,and auditing procedures used to ensure that software deliverables are
developed in accordance with this plan and the project‟s requirements. 2.3.1 ManagementThis section describes the management organizational structure, its rolesand responsibilities, and the software quality tasks to be performed.2.3.2 Organization
Efforts for this project are supported by numerous entities,organizations and personnel. This tool is developed as part of partial
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fulfilment of requirements for Masters in Computer Applications degree. It will be the sole responsibility of the d eveloper to review the product‟susability, efficiency, reliability, and accuracy. The client will howeverconduct inspections, reviews, and walk-through on a regular basis.Client‟s specifications and suggestions will be used in places where qualitydecisions need to out-weigh development schedule decisions.
2.4 TASKS
Develop requirement specification and cost estimation for the
project.
Develop the design plan and test plan for testing the tool.
Implement and test the application and deliver the application alongwith the necessary documentation.
Give a formal presentation to the client on completion of the
analysis, design and testing phases. The client reviews the work and
provides feedback/suggestions.
Planning, coordinating, testing and assessing all aspects of quality
issues.
The responsibilities of the client are to: Review the work performed.
Provide feedback and advice.
2.5 SQA IMPLEMENTATION
Quality assurance will be implemented through all the software life cyclesof the tool‟s development process, until the release of the software product.
The following are the quality assurance tasks for each phase of thesoftware development: Requirements phase: When the SRS is being developed, it has to beensured that it elucidates the proposed functionality of the product and tokeep refining the SRS until the requirements are clearly stated andunderstood.
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Specification and Design phase: Due to the great importance foraccuracy and completeness in these documents, weekly reviews shall beconducted between the developer and the client to identify any defects andrectify them. Implementation phase: The developer shall do code reviews when theconstruction phase of the Tool begins. Software testing phase: The developer shall test each case. The final product shall be verified with the functionality of the software as specifiedin the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the Tool.
2.6 DOCUMENTATION
In addition to this document, the essential documentation will include:The Software Requirements Specification (SRS), which
Prescribes each of the essential requirements of the software
Objectively verifies achievement of each requirement by a prescribed
method.
Facilitates traceability of requirements specification to product
delivery.
Gives estimates of the cost/effort for developing the product
including a project plan.
The Software Design Document (SDD) Depicts how the software will be structured
Describes the components and sub-components of the software
design, including various packages and frameworks, if any.
Gives an object model the essential classes that would make up
the product.
Gives a sample interaction diagram, showing the key interactions
in the application.
Software Test Plan: Describes the test cases that will be employed to testthe product.
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2.7 DOCUMENT AUDIT
Quality Assurance for this project will include at least one review of allcurrent work products in each stage of development (Requirement,
Design, and Implementation). The reviews will assure that the established project processes and procedures are being followed effectively, andexposures and risks to the current project plan are identified andaddressed. The review process includes:
A formal presentation at the end of each development phase
(Requirement, Design and Implementation).
A managerial review by the client periodically to ensure the work
generated is in compliance with project requirements.
Reviews by the client after each presentation.
2.8 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
The software development process involves three stages: 1) Requirements phase, 2)Design phase 3) Implementation and testing phase. During each phase, the client will review the deliverable documents. The developerwould incorporate modifications suggested by the committee. This wouldensure quality of the software product.
2.9 PROJECT REVIEWS
The client will perform a review at the 3 stages of the project as describedin the section above. This review will determine whether the requirementshave been met for the deliverable, check that the product meets therequirements, ensure that the SQA plan has been adhered to, verify the
performance of the software and ensure that acceptance testing is carriedout. A design checklist will be used and the developer will check to seewhether the design meets the checklist criteria.
2.10 TESTING AND QUALITY CHECK
Testing will be carried out in accordance with the Software Testing Plan(STP). Testing documentation will be sufficient to demonstrate that testingobjectives and software requirements have been met. Test results will bedocumented and discussed in the final phase of the project.
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3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting
facts, diagnosing problems and using the facts to improve the system.
System specifies what system should do. A system is a set of componentsthat interact to accomplish some purpose.
Identifying the drawback of the existing system
Identify the need for conversion
Perform feasibility study
Identify hardware, software and database requirements
Create a system definition that forms the foundation for
subsequent work
3.1 SYSTEM STUDY
Overview of the Existing System
In the existing system user can face so much problems. They have to waist so much time for the reservation of the room.
For reserving a room user should have to go to the hotel. This is the time consuming task. Some time user is very tired then they faces the so much problem. Sometimes user feel the laziness ,this is also failure for the existing
system.
Objectives of Online Hotel management
The Central objective of OHM is to provide Online facility for booking Hotel. In previous system ( i.e Manual System ) , person has to go to the
Hotel for booking, enquiry etc. This was the fully time consuming,expensive etc. Through this product, person can book the Hotel by sittingin the Room.
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. 3.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The feasibility of a project can be ascertained in terms of technical factors,economic factors, or both. A feasibility study is documented with a reportshowing all the ramifications of the project
Technical Feasibility. Technical feasibility refers to the ability of the process to take advantage of the current state of the technology in pursuing further improvement. The technical capability of the personnelas well as the capability of the available technology should be considered . Technology transfer between geographical areas and cultures needs to be
analyzed to understand productivity loss (or gain) due to differences (seeCultural Feasibility). Since we are using Java 6, Tomcat 6.0 and so onso technically our project is feasible.
Economic Feasibility. This involves the feasibility of the proposed project to generate economic benefits. A benefit-cost analysis and abreakeven analysis are important aspects of evaluating the economic
feasibility of new industrial projects. The tangible and intangible aspectsof a project should be translated into economic terms to facilitate aconsistent basis for evaluation.
Financial Feasibility. Financial feasibility should be distinguished from economic feasibility. Financial feasibility involves the capability of
the project organization to raise the appropriate funds needed toimplement the proposed project. Project financing can be a majorobstacle in large multi-party projects because of the level of capitalrequired. Loan availability, credit worthiness, equity, and loan scheduleare important aspects of financial feasibility analysis.
Cultural Feasibility. Cultural feasibility deals with the compatibilityof the proposed project with the cultural setup of the project environment. In labor-intensive projects, planned functions must be integrated with thelocal cultural practices and beliefs. For example, religious beliefs may
influence what an individual is willing to do or not do.
Social Feasibility. Social feasibility addresses the influences thata proposed project may have on the social system in the projectenvironment. The ambient social structure may be such that certaincategories of workers may be in short supply or nonexistent. Theeffect of the Project on the social status of the project participants
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must be assessed to ensure compatibility. It should be recognizedthat workers in certain industries may have certain status symbolswithin the society. .
Market Feasibility. Another concern is market variability andimpact on the project. This area should not be confused with the
Economic Feasibility. The market needs analysis to view the potential impacts of market demand, competitive activities, etc. and"divertable" market share available. Price war activities bycompetitors, whether local, regional, national or international, mustalso be analyzed for early contingency funding and debt servicenegotiations during the start-up, ramp-up, and commercial start-up
phases of the project.
Scope of Feasibility Analysis In general terms, the elements of a feasibility analysis for a project shouldcover the following:
Need Analysis. This indicates recognition of a need for the project. The need may affect the organization itself, anotherorganization, the public, or the government. A preliminary study isthen conducted to confirm and evaluate the need. A proposal of howthe need may be satisfied is then made. Pertinent questions that
should be asked include:
Is the need significant enough to justify the proposed project? Will the need still exist by the time the project is completed? What are the alternate means of satisfying the need? What are the economic, social, environmental, and political
impacts of the need?
Process Work. This is the preliminary analysis done to determinewhat will be required to satisfy the need. The work may be
performed by a consultant who is an expert in the project field. The preliminary study often involves system models or prototypes. Fortechnology-oriented projects, artist's conception and scaled-downmodels may be used for illustrating the general characteristics of a
process. A simulation of the proposed system can be carried out to predict the outcome before the actual project starts.
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Engineering & Design. This involves a detailed technical study ofte proposed project. Written quotations are obtained from suppliersand subcontractors as needed. Technology capabilities areevaluated as needed. Product design, if needed, should be done atthis time.
Cost Estimate. This involves estimating project cost to anacceptable level of accuracy. Levels of around -5% to +15% arecommon at this level of a project plan. Both the initial and operatingcosts are included in the cost estimation. Estimates of capitalinvestment and of recurring and nonrecurring costs should also becontained in the cost estimate docuement. Sensitivity analysis can be carried out on the estimated cost values to see how sensitivethe project plan is to the estimated cost values.
Financial Analysis. This involves an analysis of the cash flow profile of the project. The analysis should consider rates ofreturn, inflation, sources of capital, payback periods, breakeven
point, residual values, and sensitivity. This is a critical analysissince it determines whether or not and when funds will be availableto the project. The project cash flow profile helps to support theeconomic and financial feasibility of the project.
Project Impacts. This portion of the feasibility study provides anassessment of the impact of the proposed project. Environmental,social, cultural, political, and economic impacts may be some of the
factors that will determine how a project is perceived by the public.The value added potential of the project should also be assessed. Avalue added tax may be assessed based on the price of a product andthe cost of the raw material used in making the product. The tax socollected may be viewed as a contribution to government coffers.
Conclusions and Recommendations. The feasibility study
should end with the overall outcome of the project analysis. Thismay indicate an endorsement or disapproval of the project. Recommendations on what should be done should be included inthis section of the feasibility report.
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4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SPECIFICATION
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Software requirement specification
Software requirement specification abbreviated as SRS is ameans of translating the idea of files into a formal document. The main
features of SRS include: Establishing the basis for an agreement between the client and
the developer. Producing a reference for validation of the final product. SRS
assist clients in determining if the software meets therequirements.
Mainly there are six requirements which an SRS must satisfy.(a) It should specify the external behaviour.(b) It should specify the constraints.(c)
It should be easy to change.(d) It should be a reference tool.
(e) It should record throughout the lifecycle.(f) It should have the capacity of expectation of an undesired event.
Usually we come across four types of requirement specification(a) User Interface Requirements(b) Database Requirements(c) Functional Requirements(d) Non-Functional Requirements
4.1User Interface Requirements
The user of the proposed system requires that the developedsoftware should be user friendly, have security access, and ensure the
privacy of the administrator and produce results in timely manner. Theusers are not frequently exposed to the on-line hotel management, so thesystem interface to the user must be simple and understandable. The web
pages must be user-friendly and must be in an easy-to-use style. The usermust be able to easily switch among various I/O screens. The product iswell designed so that it can be used easily by layman and also the userswho are novices to the system.
The system should be designed in such a way that only authorizedusers should be allowed to login to the system. The user interface should
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4.4Non-Functional Requirements
Non-functional requirements define the system properties andconstraints that arise through user needs, because of the budgetedconstraints or organizational policies, or because of the need forinteroperability with other software or due to the external factors such assafety regulations privacy registrations and so on.
4.5Other Requirements
Performance Requirements
(a) The database should be centralized and secure.(b) The system should be user friendly and easily accessible(c) The system must be reliable.
Design Requirements
The main objectives of input design are:(a) Controlling the amount of input(b) Keeping the process simple, avoiding errors.(c) The best thing in the input design is to achieve all the objectives
mentioned in the simplest manner possible.The main objectives of output design are:(a) Identifying the specific outputs.(b) Creating reports for displaying and storing information.
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5. SYSTEM DESIGN
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System design provides the understanding and procedural details
necessary for implementing the system recommended in the system study
.Emphasis is on translating the performance requirements into design
specifications . The Design phase is a transition from a user – oriented
document (System proposal) to a documented oriented to the
programmers or database personnel.
5.1 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
The basic architecture for the proposed system is like that
5.2 PROCESS DESIGNV – Model of development
V Process is a whole life-cycle process. V Process must
be applied at each stage in the software process.
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Objective
The V-Model (Lifecycle Process Model) regulates the system
development process and the maintenance and modification of systems.
This standard helps to achieve the following objectives:
Improvement and guarantee of the quality:
– The discovery of defects in a system.
–The assessment of whether or not the system is usable in an operational
situation.The completeness of the results to be delivered can best be
guaranteed by a standardized procedure.
5.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
It is clear that the physical objects from the previous section– the
administrator,rooms, Customer – correspond to entities in the Entity-
Relationship model, and the operations to be done on those entities.
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administrator
User_id
password
room
room No_of_ room
reservation
User
Roomdetails
Customer
details
reservation
Roomavailability
gguestCheck_inmobileRoom
_type
Check_
out
address
city
state
country
bank
Account_nu
mber
name
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6. DATA DESIGN
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When designing a database, the following points are considered:
The purpose of the whole database and how if affects the design should be taken
into consideration. Create a database plan to fit your purpose.
Database normalization rules that prevent mistakes in the database design.
Protection of your data’s integrity.
Security requirements of the database and user permissions.
Performance needs of the application. You must ensure that the database design
takes advantage of software features that improve performance. Achieving a
balance between the size of the database and the hardware configuration is also
importance for performance.
Maintenance
Estimating the size of a database.
6.1 Table Design
1. administrator
The admin table stores the login name and password of the administrator. This
table is used to check whether the logged in user is an administrator.
Field
Name Type Size Key Description
User_id varchar 20 Prim Administrator’s Login id
password varchar 15 Administrator’s Password
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2. reservation
This table stores Customer ’s Reservation Details.
Field Name Type Size key Description name Varchar 30 Name of customer.
address Varchar 500 Address of customer.
city Varchar 20 City of customer.
state Varchar 20 State of customer.
country Varchar 20 Country of customer.mobile Int 10 Customer’s Mobile No
room_type Varchar 50 Prim Room detail
check_in Date 10 Date of check-in
check_out Date 10 Date of check-out
guest Int 10 No. of Guranted users
account_number Int 20 Account Number of bank
bank Varchar 15 Bank Name
3. room
This table stores the Status of Room that are available in the website for
Reservation.
Field Name Type Size key Description room Varchar 25 Prim Name of room
no_of_room Int 2 Number of Rooms
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6.2 Data Flow Diagram
Level - 0
Level - 1
Level - 2
customerhotel
database
administrator
User
hotel
Customerdetails
Room
status
Update room
reservation
database
administrator hotel
Customerdetails
Room
status
Update
room
database
User hotel
reservation
Reservation
sli
database
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7.TESTING
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TESTING Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance andrepresents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact,testing is the one step in the software engineering process that could beviewed as destructive rather than constructive.
A strategy for software testing integrates software test case designmethods into a well-planned series of steps that result in the successfulconstruction of software. Testing is the set of activities that can be plannedin advance and conducted systematically. The underlying motivation of
program testing is to affirm software quality with methods that caneconomically and effectively applied to both strategic to both large andsmall-scale systems
Objective of Testing A good testing case is one that has high probability of finding as yetundiscovered errors. Testing is a process of executing a program with theintent of finding errors in it .A successful test is one that uncovers an asyet undiscovered error .The aim of testing is to determine that a programworks by showing that it has no errors .
7.1 LEVELS OF TESTING
Testing is usually relying on to detect the faults on each phase, in additionto the faults introduced during the coding phase itself. Due to this,different levels of testing are used in the testing process, each level oftesting aims to test different aspect of a system.
client Acceptance
System Testing
Integration
Testing
Unit Testing
Requirements
Design
Code
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STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SOFTWARE TESTING
The software engineering process can be viewed as a spiral. Initially,system engineering defines the role of software and leads to softwarerequirement analysis where the information domain, functions, behavior,
performance, constraints and validation criteria for software areestablished. Moving inward along the spiral, we come to design and
finally to coding. To develop computer software we spiral in alongstreamlines that decrease the level of abstraction on each turn.
A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the context of thespiral. Unit testing begins at the vertex of the spiral and concentrates oneach unit of the software as implemented in source code. Testing
progresses by moving outward along the spiral to integration testing,where the focus is on the design and the construction of the softwarearchitecture. Taking another turn on outward on the spiral we encountervalidation testing where requirements established as part of softwarerequirements analysis are validated against the software that has beenconstructed. Finally we arrive at system testing, where the software andother system elements are tested as a whole.
Table Given below outlines the tests that were performed on the system to
ensure correctness and unearth errors, which were subsequentlydebugged. Table shows the Tests Conducted on the System
Testing
PhaseObjectives
Unit
Testing
The various functions within each program and
the program blocks are tested for proper working.
Module
Testing
A module is composed of various programsrelated to that module. Module testing is done to
check the module functionality and interaction
between units within a module
Integration Integration testing is done to test the functionality
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Testing and interfacing between the modules.
Acceptance
Testing
Acceptance testing is done after implementation to
check if the system runs successfully in the
customer environment/site.
UNIT TESTING
Unit Testing will be done to test field validations, navigation,
functionality of the programs and its blocks. These tests are applied on
various functions within each program and other critical program blocks.
Table given below gives the outline of three-sample test cases for Unit
Testing performed on the system
Table Unit Testing – Test Case 1
Test Case Description
This test case deals with the entering of basic details related with
the registered and logged in user . This process takes many inputs.
The test case should check for proper inputs and verify whether
the function for validating the inputs is called properly or not.
Expected Inputs
Details Related With The logged in user in a Standard Format.
Expected Outputs
Alert window for erroneous inputs.
Confirmation of Successful Completion of Basic Details Entry
Process.
Actual Test Results
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with relation to other programs within the same module. It then tests the
overall functionality of each module.
INTEGRATION TESTING
Integration testing is done to test the functionality and interfacingbetween the modules. The system is built up of various modules, which
work together to automate the activities of the hotel management system.
These modules should work together in a seamless way to achieve the
desired results. Integration testing will test for this property of the
modules. The modules display a cause and effect relationship, if data in
one module is changed, then it affects the data to change in some other
module also. Integration testing needs to check if the modifications do not
adversely affect some other modules.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING Acceptance testing was done after the implementation of the system. The
acceptance testing will check if the system works correctly in the user
environment and if the entire user specified functionalities are present. It
also tests if the system adheres to the company policies and qualitystandard.
7.2 VALIDATION CHECKS
I have use following type of checks/ data validations:
Data type
Length
Constraints
Blank field
Format
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Data type:
I have use String type for character, int for numeric, and Date for datetype. No numeric field insert in date. Character never inputted in numeric
field as phone no never accept character if any person input wrongly givemessage. When this problem is removed then user performs furtheroperation.
Length:
When we define a max length. Then it never accepts more data .forexample if I define numeric length is 5 then it store either equal to lengthor less than length. If user gives more character than required thendisplay message and stop processing.
Constraints:
In this I am defining range of data if data is less than then display errorwith message. For example code of password is four characters. The fieldof date must be 8 characters.
Format:
The pre define format is used not change daily to daily for example formatof date: is YYMMDDused in all date type field. If user inserts an other
format then display message.
Web Design Constraints
The following design constraints were kept in mind while designing the pages for the whole application:
The pages should be consistent and easy to operate. It should be designed
in such a way that an average user who does not have much idea about JSP and related technology can still be able to access the informationneeded..
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8. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
A crucial phase in system development is the successful implementation ofthe new system design. Implementation includes all those activities thattake place to convert from the old system to the new system to the newsystem. The new system may be completely new replacing an existingmanual or automated system or it may be major modification to anexisting system.
In either case proper implementation becomes necessary so that a reliablesystem based on the requirement of the organization can be provided.
Successful implementation may not guarantee improvement in theorganization using the new system, but improper installation will preventthis improvement.
It has been observed that even the best system cannot show good results ifthe analysts managing the implementation do not attend every importantdetail. This is the area where the system analysts need to work withutmost care.
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9. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
System maintenance is the modification of a software product after
delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes, orto adapt the product to a modified environment. Maintenance is thus avery broad activity often defined as including all work made on asoftware system after it becomes operational.
Maintenance covers large number of activities like the correction oferrors, the enhancement, deletion and addition of capabilities, theadaptation to changes in data requirements and operation environments,the improvement of performance, usability, or any other quality attribute.
Maintenance accounts for 50-80 percent of total system development. To put maintenance in its proper perspective requires considerable skill andexperience and is an important and ongoing aspect of systemdevelopment. Maintenance demands more orientation and training thanany other programming activities. The environment must recognize theneeds of the maintenance programmer for tools, methods and training.
Maintenance is done after the successful implementation of the softwareand is continued till the product is reengineered or deployed to another
platform. Maintenance is also done based on fixing the problems reported,changing the interface with other software or hardware enhancing the
software.
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10. SCREEN SHOTS
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Main Page
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About Arzu
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About Bihar
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Tariff
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Photogallery
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Contact Us
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Room Details
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Restaurants
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Reservations
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Reservation Slip
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Administrator Page
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Room Status
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11.CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Core Java Complete Reference - Herbert Schildt
JSP The Java EE tutorial – Jennifer ball, Eric Jendrok
Java Script Ivan Bayross
SQL Practical guide for developers – Gregory D. Speegle
E-study:
www.sun.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.javaworld.com
http://www.sun.com/http://www.sun.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.javaworld.com/http://www.javaworld.com/http://www.javaworld.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.sun.com/
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