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Combined Graduate Level [Tier-1]

Subject : English Language and

Comprehension

Chapter: Parts of Speech Part-2

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Parts of Speech/Sentence

Agreement of the Verb With the Subject:

A Detailed Discussion:-

„Verb-Subject‟ agreement plays a very important role in

English Grammar. Even those who enjoy a good command

over the language, sometimes commit mistakes. In the

following discussion, we have given sixteen rules that teach

the verb-subject agreement.

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Rule 1 : If two or more singular nouns are joined by and,

the verb used will be plural.

Examples : (i) He and I were going to the market.

(ii) Ram and Mohan are friends.


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Adverb:- An Adverb is a word that qualifies (i) a verb; (ii) an

adjective; (iii) another adverb; (iv) a preposition.

Examples :

He runs fast.

In this sentence, the word fast is an adverb because it

qualifies the verb runs.

She is quite an intelligent girl.

In this sentence, the word quite is an adverb because it

qualifies the adjective intelligent.


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Some Important Facts About Adverbs:- An adverb can qualify not merely individual words, but an

entire assertive sentence. In this case, it must stand first in

the sentence.

Examples :

Unfortunately, the thief was not caught.

Evidently, you were much distressed at the news.


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Kinds of Adverbs:- According to their use, adverbs are subdivided into three

classes :

Simple

Interrogative

Relative


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Simple Adverbs:- Simple adverbs are used to modify the meaning of a verb,

an adjective or an adverb. These can be distinguished from

one another by their meanings.

Time (Which shows when)

1. He will soon arrive.

Place (Which shows where)

1. We must rest here. He went there.


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Simple Adverbs:- Frequency (Which shows how often)

1. He always stood by his master.

Manner, Quality or State (Which shows how or in what

manner)

1. She spoke loudly.

Quantity, Extent or Degree (Which shows how much or

in what degree or to what extent)

1. She is quite an intelligent girl.


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Simple Adverbs:-

Affirming or Denying

1. He did not come after all.

Reason

1. I fell off my bicycle, hence the bruises.


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Interrogative Adverbs:- This is the name given to those adverbs that are used for

asking questions.

Time

1. When do you intend to pay him?

Place

1. Whether are you going?

Number/Frequency

1. How often does he visit you?


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Interrogative Adverbs:-

Manner, Quality or State

1. How are you today? (In what state of health)

Quantity or Degree

1. How far was the statement true? (to what extent)

Cause or Reason

1. Why did you do this‟? (for what reason)


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Relative Adverbs:- Relative adverbs are the same in form as interrogative

adverbs, but instead of asking questions, they join two

sentences together.

These adverbs are called relative for two reasons- (1)

because they relate to some antecedent, understood or

expressed; (2) because they are formed from relative

pronouns.


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Types of Adverb:- Adverb of Time : This shows when an action or something

is done or happens. It answers the question “When?” It is

either placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

Adverb of Place : This shows where an action or

something is done or happens. It answers the question

“Where?” It is placed after the verb.

Adverb of Manner : This shows how an action or

something is done. It answers the question “How?” It is

usually placed just after the verb.


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Types of Adverb:- Adverb of Degree or Quantity : This answers the

questions, “To what degree?” or “How much?” It is usually

placed before the adjective and the adverb.

Adverb of Frequency : This answers the question “How

often?”

Affirmative Adverb (yes) and Adverb of negation (No)

Example : yes, surely, certainly, indeed, by all

means, no, not at all, by no means.


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Types of Adverb:- Interrogative Adverb (Question)

Example : When? Where? How? Why? How much/often?

Relative Adverb : when, where, how, why

These words are the same in form as Interrogative Adverb;

but they are not questions.

Example : The time when he arrived. / The scene where the

accident occurred. / He knows how to do it. / The

reason why he left.


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