One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics...

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One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano science and nano technology Prof. Nir Keren, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, HUJI Prof. Noam Adir, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion

Transcript of One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics...

Page 1: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

One ring To bind them all

What physics can learn from biology? 

One ring To bind them all

What physics can learn from biology? 

Yossi PaltielApplied Physics Department

Center for nano science and nano technology

Prof. Nir Keren, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, HUJI

Prof. Noam Adir, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion

Page 2: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

Many thanks to

Nir KerenDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, HUJI

Ron NaamanDepartment of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel

Nadav Katz, Yaov Kalcheim, Oded Millo , Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel

And

Financing:, ISF, ISF-BICORA, DARPA, MOD, Israel Taiwan, MagnetonCapital Nature , FTA , Peter Brojde center, Volkswagen, Leverhulme

Our Group: Dr. Shira Yochelis, Eyal Cohen, Eran Katzir, Avner Neubauer, Guy Koplovitz, Oren Ben Dor, Ido Eisnberg, Ohad Westrich, Matan Galanty. Nir Peer, Chen Alpern; Amir Ziv, Aviya Perlman Illouz, Kuti Uliel

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Page 4: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

Toward RT Quantum Machines

• Implementation of room temperatures quantum devices

• Room temperature simple quantum coherence

• Very hard to achieve but we can use a mix of quantum and classical approach

Meeting between Top-down to Bottom -up

Controlled Coupling

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Q N E

L a b Quantum Nano Engineering Lab 20/03/20155

Example Hybrid Device

• Room temperature quantum sensors.

1000 1250 15000.00

0.05

0.10

Sample with NP Reference

Re

spo

nse

[A/W

]

Wavelength [nm]

Solution absorption Ab

sorp

tion

[a.u

]

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 223112 (2008).Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, 15641 (2012).

Page 6: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

Q N E

L a b Quantum Nano Engineering Lab 20/03/20156

Mimicking Biology

Elisabetta Collini, et al.Nature 463, 644-647 February 2010

Page 7: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

• Photosynthesis energy conversion efficiency can be very high more than 80% and higher efficacy for energy transfer .

• The plant have an efficient shattering down mechanisms• Room temperature quantum phenomena have been shown

at biological systems, in particular at photosynthesis

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Why Mimic Photosynthesis(or why talk with a biologists)

Page 8: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

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Picture from: www.Wikipedia.org

Cyanobacteria in vivo

Picture from: http://www.butbn.cas.cz

Cells chains of Cyanobacteria

Picture from: http://phys.org/news/2013-06-crystal-reveals-cyanobacteria.html

Cyanobacteria individual cells

The Cyanobacteria

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Phycobilisome structure

From: Genome Biol. 2007;8(12):R259.

Phycobilisome TEM image

From: Biochim Biophys Acta. 787(4):272-279.

20nm

Phycobilisome

Diagram of Cyanobacteria photosynthesis system

From: Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2011. 62:515–48

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Phycocyanin structure

From: RCSB Protein Data Bank 10

Top view Side view

3 n

m

10 nm

Each Phycobilisome contains 18 Phycocyanin

Each Phycobilisome contains 18 Phycocyanin

Page 11: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

How should we learn from the PC

• Creating nanowires of Phycocyanin• Ordering the wires to desired patterns• Measuring energy transfer along the wire

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Phycocyanin samples preparation

The Phycocyanin solution prepared by Prof. Noam Adir’s group. 12

Phycocyanin solution

Phycocyanin solution

Glass substrateGlass substrate

Gold substratesGold substrates Silicon substrat

e

Silicon substrat

e

Picture from: http://www.kawaiikakkoiisugoi.com/2012/07/17/blue-colored-ramen/

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Phycocyanin dendrites

SEM colored pictures of Phycocyanin dendrites surrounded by salt crystals

13

20μm

1μm

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Phycocyanin bundles

SEM colored pictures of Phycocyanin dendrites with no salts

14

2μm 2μm

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Phycocyanin nanowires

TEM pictures of Phycocyanin wires. From Prof. Noam Adir’s group

Wires width is 11-12nm 15

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Ordering by salts

Optic microscope pictures of dendrites of Phycocyanin and salts over glass slide

16

100μm

0.4mm

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Ordering by trenches

SEM pictures of trenches filled with Phycocyanin by spin coating

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10μm

20μm

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Linker molecule and Blocking molecule

Our preparations don’t contain neither the linker molecule nor the blocking molecule

Our preparations don’t contain neither the linker molecule nor the blocking molecule

Blocking molecule Linker molecule

Phycobilisome

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FRET mechanism

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Energy

electron

hole

excitation

AcceptorAcceptorDonorDonor

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FRET mechanism

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Energy

electron

hole

AcceptorAcceptorDonorDonor

electron

hole

FRET FRET

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FRET mechanism

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EnergyAcceptorAcceptorDonorDonor

electron

hole

relaxation

relaxation

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FRET rate6

01

r

Rw

DET

wET – Energy transfer rater – Distance between donor and acceptorτD – Donor fluorescence timeR0 – Effective distance (efficiency is 50%)

Typical distance of FRET is 1-10nmTypical distance of FRET is 1-10nm

Robert M. Clegg, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 1995, 6:103-110.

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1D random walk

1D chain of Phycocyanin units

Energ

y

excitation recombination

2

nσ – Standard deviation of 1D random walkn – number of steps

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Anderson Localization

1D chain of Phycocyanin units

Energ

y excitation recombination

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Quantum Approach

1D chain of Phycocyanin units

Energ

y

Wave functions n=1

n=2

n=3

• Strong coupling between adjacent Phycocyanin units enables us to treat the whole chain as one coupled system

• The coupling strength is responsible for the exciton de-localization and quantum walk is expected

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Super-RadianceSingle chromophore

transition

• In coherent multi-chromophoric system of n chromophores the transition probability is multiplied by n2

• Therefore the transfer rate is increased by factor of n2

Multi-chromophoric

transition

D. F. Abasto et al., Excitonic diffusion length in complex quantum systems: The effects of disorder and environmental fluctuations on symmetry-enhanced supertransfer. arXiv:1105.4189v1.

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Super-Transfer

1D chain of Phycocyanin units

Energ

y

• At strong coupled system of n chromophores per unit the de-localization is increased by factor of n

• Therefore, energy transfer distance should be increased by factor of n

D. F. Abasto et al., Excitonic diffusion length in complex quantum systems: The effects of disorder and environmental fluctuations on symmetry-enhanced supertransfer. arXiv:1105.4189v1.

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Luminescence red-shiftEnerg

y

• In case of strong coupled system, energy levels will be split according to the perturbation theory

• Therefore, we would expect to see red shift

Glazer, A. N., Light harvesting by phycobilisomes. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Chem. 14, 47-77 (1985).

excitation

recombination

relaxation

relaxation

Page 29: One ring To bind them all - Weizmann Institute of Science...One ring To bind them all What physics can learn from biology? Yossi Paltiel Applied Physics Department Center for nano

Strong coupled system phenomena

Increasing energy transfer distance

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Super-TransferSuper-

Transfer

Super-Radiance

Super-Radiance

Red-shiftRed-shift

Increasing energy transfer rate

Increasing luminescence wavelength

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Dual probe NSOM measurements

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Excitation tip

Sample

Detection tip

Nanonics Imaging NSOM tip

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Dual probe NSOM measurements

Measured by Prof. Nancy M. Haegel and Dr. Hesham Taha at Nanonics Imaging Ltd

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Optic microscope image

Excitation

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Dual probe NSOM measurements

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Dual probe NSOM measurements

Cross-section graph at y=9.7μm that compare between laser illumination and luminescence.

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Super-TransferSuper-

Transfer

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Time-Resolved measurements

More ordered structures shows exciton lifetime decreasing

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Super-Radiance

Super-Radiance

Measured by Adam Faust and Naama Even-Dar at Prof. Uri Banin’s lab

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Red shift

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Biological importancePhycobilisome

complex

hνExciton

Classic approac

h

Classic approac

h

Quantum

approach

Quantum

approach

Energy transfer efficiency is greater than 99%

Energy transfer efficiency is greater than 99%

Delocalization and efficient energy removal

Delocalization and efficient energy removal

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Deserts cover about 40% of the earth’s surface. Biological sand crusts can cover up to 70% of the ground in these ecosystems (Belnap J. 2013).

Mediterranean sea

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Effects on Phycobilisomes

Repeat distance 61±5 Repeat distance 51±29

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PSII

OECPSI

Energy dissipation

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Summary

• Phycocyanin trimers tend to form nanowires and nano bandles

• Dried samples preserve the luminescent behavior

• Spin-coating over trenches enable patterning• Strong coupling is exhibited due to super-

radiance, super-transfer and red-shift• An easily reversible structural change

underlies the protection mechanism enabling a desert crust cyanobacterium to survive desiccation

41Understand and mimic

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Effects on Phycobilisomes

Red shiftLife time

shortening

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Effects on Reaction centers

Light

Dark

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Effects on Reaction centers


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