Responding to disasters [in the zone] Prof Bruce Robinson Uni of Western Australia
ONE HEALTH CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES Prof. Robinson Mdegela (SUA)
Transcript of ONE HEALTH CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES Prof. Robinson Mdegela (SUA)
ONE HEALTH CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES
Prof. Robinson Mdegela (SUA)
ADVANCING ONE HEALTH APPROACH IN TANZANIA
04/21/23
Prof. Robinson H. Mdegela Sokoine University of AgricultureP. O. Box 3021MorogoroTanzaniaTel: +255 23 260 45 42Fax: +255 23 260 46 47E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]: www.suanet.ac.tz
Background The time we live is characterized by an unprecedented
increase in the emergence of new health threats in humans animals and in the environment
Underlying this “new dynamic” of shared risk are five key “drivers” that converge at the “human-animal-ecosystem” interface
Globalization Population growth Economic growth Food security Changing habitats
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Main driversDemography
Modern transportation
Climate and environmental changes
Lack of efficient public health infrastructure
INCREASED HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS
GEOGRAPHICAL HOTSPOTS FOR EMERGING PANDEMIC THREATS
Animal Amplification
The “ecology” of disease emergence ….. at the “animal-human-ecosystem” interface”
CASES
TIME
SPILL OVER
Humans
Wild Animals
Domestic Animals
SPILL OVER
SPILL O
VER
CASES
TIME
Current Model for Outbreak Detection and Response
Detection
Lab Confirmation
Response
First Case
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
Animal Amplification
Human Amplification
SPILL OVER
SPILL OVER
SPILL OVER
TIME
CASES
Wildlife Surveillance/ Forecasting
Early Detection
One Health – takes public health as part of a larger “ecosystem”
Control Opportunity
In order to prevent EPT
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
Animal Amplification
Human Amplification
SPILL OVER
TIME
CASES
Wildlife Surveillance/ Forecasting Control
Opportunity
Early Detection
SPILL OVER
SPILL OVER
One Health Model: Projected Impact
Animal Amplification
Human Cases
Wild Animal
Domestic Animal
TIME
CASES
Wildlife Surveillance/ Forecasting Control
Opportunity
Early Detection
One Health Model: Projected Impact
SPILL OVER
The principle scheme of responses in organisms towards the detrimental effects caused by agent
exposure
increased exposure
(dose and time)Early warning signsExposure responses
Homeostasisnormal range
Response
Observabledetrimentaleffects
Noobservabledetrimentaleffects
Disease outbreaks
Increasedsusceptibilityto diseases
Reducedlifespan
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GEOGRAPHICAL HOTSPOTS FOR EMERGING PANDEMIC THREATS
ONE HEALTH CONCEPT
What is One Health?Who promotes one health?Why are you here?
One Health
An interdisciplinary strategy to address health from an integrated perspective rather than a discipline-based fragmented perspective
Is not a discipline, rather an approach
History of One Health
Started in 460 BC
Pope Clement XI instructed his physician, Dr. Giovanni Maria Lancisi, to do something about rinderpest
Rinderpest is a highly fatal viral disease of cattle that was devastating the human food supply
The Italian physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654–1720), devised approaches for controlling rinderpest in cattle
Animal Disease Control Measures
Lancisi recommended all diseased and suspect animals be killed
The principle was a milestone in controlling the spread of contagious diseases in animals
One Health in the 19th Century
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)
A German physician and pathologist
“Between animal and human medicine there are no dividing lines--nor should there be.”
PYRAMID FOR HUMAN RESOURCE BASE FOR ONE HEALTH, AND ECOHEALTH
EcsEcs
Comm’Comm’
Subatomic particlesSubatomic particles
Popln’Popln’
IndividualsIndividuals
ColoniesColonies
Single celled organisms
Single celled organisms
Organelles Organelles Complex molecules Complex molecules
Molecules Molecules
Atoms Atoms R
elev
ance
of
hum
an r
esou
rce
to s
olve
cha
llen
ges
Eas
y of
obt
aini
ng
data
Tim
e to
com
plet
e re
sear
ch
Pre
sent
sta
tus
of k
now
ledg
e
Upstream paradigm shift using OHA
Manage diseases and infections in humans
Prevent transmission and prevent emergence
Control measures in animal population
Pathogen circulating in animals
Disease Emergence
Disease impact in human population
Paradigm shift from down stream to upstream
Downstream approach in silos
CHALLENGES TO FORGING ONE HEALTH ALLIANCES
Policy Lack of policy frameworks that enable cross-sectoral collaboration
Institutional Clustering of sectoral expertise in different organizational units
Strategic Each unit has distinct mandates and responsibilities (silos)
Operational Funding and human resource streams are sector specific
Technical Emphasis is on professional specialties as opposed to a broader
understanding and vision of OH
Integrated service learning model for community engagement using One Health Approach
ConclusionWhy One Health
One Health is modern toolkit for solving health challenges
Single discipline study/approachApplicable for solving simple problem: a puzzle solving
approach
One HealthComplicated problem demanding application of knowledge
from different disciplines Is an approach and not a stand alone discipline
ConclusionWhat Does a One Health Approach Enable
A strategic recognition of the connection between human, animal and environmental health
A more efficient alignment of limited human, financial and material resources
The opportunity to build systems that enable not just earlier detection of emerging threats to human, animal and environmental health but to mobilize interventions to mitigate their potential emergence and spread
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
Prof. Robinson H. Mdegela Sokoine University of AgricultureP. O. Box 3021MorogoroTanzaniaTel: +255 23 260 45 42Fax: +255 23 260 46 47E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]: www.suanet.ac.tz