‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe
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Transcript of ‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe
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‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe
Brigitta Wessels, Ernst-Jan Scholte14 December 2007
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Emerald ash borer (Agrilus plannipennis) Coleoptera: Familie Buprestidae
• Adults • length: 7.5 to 15.0 mm• Body : narrow , elongate• Colour: coppery-green• Eyes: large, kidney-shaped
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Larvae are flatheaded borers 4 larval stagescreamy white in colour
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Es (Fraxinus spp.)
Host: Es
Es (Fraxinus spp.)
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Es (Fraxinus spp.)
Female lays eggs on bark
Life cycle Agrillus planipennis
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Female lays eggs on bark
Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years)
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Female lays eggs on bark
Adults emerge, live for 2-3 weeks
Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years)
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Female lays eggs on bark
Adults emerge, live for 2-3 weeks
Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years)
Mating
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Host Range:
• Fraxinus spp. (In Dutch: es)• Fraxinus americana (white ash)• F. nigra (black ash)• F. pensylvanica (downy ash)• F. chinensis• F. lanuginosa• F. mandshurica (Japanese ash)• F. rhynchophylla• F. japonica• F. nigra• F. excelsior
• Some species of Ulmus (elm), Juglans (walnut), Pterocarya (japanese wingnut)
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Original distribution: Eastern Asia (Russian Far East, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan)
Introduced into:- Canada (Ontario, 2002)- USA (Michigan 2002, Ohio 2003, Maryland 2003,
Virginia 2004, Indiana 2004, Illinois 2006, Pensylvania 2007- Russia:Moscow 2007
Distribution:
USA
Canada
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Symptoms of infestation
1) Crown dieback/chlorosis2) Epicormic shoots3) Bark deformities4) Foliage feeding5) Larval galleries6) Emergence holes
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2 3 5 6
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Different shaped exit holes
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Larvae mine in stem and twigs
disrupts transport of nutrients
weakening of the tree
trees dies after ± three years
Damage:
Affected number of ash trees:
In the USA more than 25 million.
In the Canada (Essex, Ontario): 100.000.
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Control methods:• Insecticides • Cut, chip and burn • Ash free zone around infested area • Don’t move infested wood material
Preventive measure: • preventive survey (PPS 2006,2007,2008)
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Risk for Europe
• Agrilus plannipennis not present (yet?)• The species would be able to survive and
have economic impact in many parts of Europe
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Distribution of Fraxinus excelsior (In Dutch: gewone es)
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Risk for Europe• Agrilus plannipennis not present (yet?)• The species would be able to survive and have
economic impact in many parts of Europe• Control would be very difficult to achieve• Based on these factors, Agrilus planipennis
has a quarantine status A1 for Europe• Import in Europe of packaging ash wood and
living ash trees is a minimum
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Thank you for your attention