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©OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Nature and Description of Real Estate
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Chapter 2
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In This Chapter You will be introduced to the
terminology used to define and describe real estate.
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LAND
Land starts at the center of the earth, passes through the earth’s surface, and continues on into space.
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Real Estate’s Dimensions Land includes:
earth’s surface, sky above, & everything below.
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Land Improvements Fixtures Tests of Fixture
annexation adaptation intention
Trade Fixtures Plants, Trees, & Crops
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Appurtenances A right or privilege or improvement
that belongs to and passes with the land but is not necessarily a part of the land.
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Water Rights Riparian Right Littoral Rights Percolating Water
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•The landowner does not have absolute ownership of waterthat flows through or past their land.
•They do have the right of use it in a reasonable manner!
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RIGHTS Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Water Development Board Ownership of Waterways
Underground Water Conflicting Claims State Rights State Water Agencies
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Land Descriptions1. Informal references2. Metes & Bounds3. Rectangular Survey System4. Recorded Plat5. Assessor Parcel Number6. Reference to documents
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Metes and Bounds
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Moving in a clockwise direction from the point of beginning, set the centerof a circle compass on each corner of the parcel to find the direction of travelto the next corner.
Naming Directions for a Metes and Bounds Survey
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Rectangular Survey SystemSelected latitude and longitude lines serve as base lines and meridians
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The public land survey system of the United States.
Parallels and Meridians
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Township Divided into Sections
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One Section (640 Acres)
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Land Description by Recorded Plat
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The tax assessor assigns every parcel of land in the county its own parcelnumber. For example, the westernmost parcel (lot 50) in the map wouldcarry the number 34-18-8, meaning Book 34, Page 18, Parcel 8.
Assessor’s Map
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Informal References
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•Street numbers are informal references: •the house located at 7216 Maple Street •Apartment 101, 875 First Street• the office at Suite 222, 3570 Oakview Boulevard •the ranch known as the Rocking K Ranch(in each case followed by the city (or county) and state where it is located)
•Advantage: an informal reference is that it is easily understood.•Disadvantage: From a real estate standpoint is that it is not a precise method of land description.
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Vertical Land Description
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Physical Characteristics of Land Immobility
Indestructibility Nonhomogeneity
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Economic Characteristics of Land Scarcity
Modification Fixity Situs (location preference)
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Multiple Meanings of the Word Value Value or worth is affected by the purpose
for which the valuation was performed. Assessed value is value given a property
by the county tax assessor for taxation Estate tax value is what authorities
establish for a deceased person’s property Insurance value is concerned with the
cost of replacing damaged property Loan value is set on a property for the
purpose of making a loan
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Key Terms Assessed value Base line Estate tax value Fixture Improvements Insurance value Loan value Base Line
Fixtures Improvements Meridians Metes & Bounds Monument Personal property Real Estate Recorded Plat Riparian Rights
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