On the Improvement to H*Wind Hurricane Wind Analyses Due to the Inclusion of Future Ocean Surface...

On the Improvement to H*Wind Hurricane Wind Analyses Due to the Inclusion of Future

Ocean Surface Wind Measurements from Aircraft and Satellite

Timothy L. Miller1, R. Atlas2, P. G. Black3, S. S. Chen4, R. E. Hood1, J. W. Johnson5, L. Jones5, C. S. Ruf6, and E. W. Uhlhorn2

1NASA/MSFC, Huntsville, AL2NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL

3SAIC Inc., Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA4University of Miami, Miami, FL

5University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL6University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Presented to Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds, Feb. 2008

Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)

Existing1980s Technology

Advanced TechnologyHIRAD in development

Simulated Observations

HIRAD utilizes NASA Instrument Incubator Technology:• Provides unique observations of sea surface wind, temp and rain• Advances understanding / predictability of hurricane intensity• Enhances Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer capabilities• Uses synthetic thinned array tech. of Lightweight Rain Radiometer • Employs sensor web tech. for innovative information management

Univ. of Michigan

Univ. of Alabama/Huntsville

Univ. of Central Florida

NASA

NOAA

• Ms. Robbie Hood, PI NASA/MSFC Earth Science• Dr. Timothy Miller, Co-I NASA/MSFC Earth Science• Dr. Peter Black, 40 yrs, hurricane research• Mr. James Johnson, 30 yrs, microwave remote sensing• Dr. Linwood Jones, 35 yrs, microwave remote sensing• Dr. Christopher Ruf, 23 yrs, passive microwave technology• Mr. Eric Uhlhorn, NOAA Hurricane Research Division • NASA/UAH Engineering & Spacecraft Project Management

Expert Team

Passive Microwave C-Band RadiometerFreq: 4, 5, 6 & 7 GHz, Version 1 H-pol for ocean wind speed, Version 2 dual-pol for ocean wind vectors11 km Aircraft Altitude Performance CharacteristicsEIA: 0°- 60°, Spatial Resolution: 1-2 km, Swath: ~30 – 40 kmObservational Goals:Wind Speed 10 - >85 m/s Rain Rate 0 - > 100 mm/hr

2000 km Swath

Technology Transfer Operational Reconnaissance Hurricane Aircraft (optional)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Demonstration (optional)

Technology Brassboard Demonstration in Laboratory

Satellite Demonstration of Improved Hurricane Ocean Surface Vector Winds and Rain Rate

HIRAD Technology Investment Roadmap

Aircraft Demonstration

Hurricane Imaging Radiometer

Univ. of Michigan

Univ. of Alabama/Huntsville

Univ. of Central Florida

NASA

NOAA

HIRAD TeamBenefit of MSFC Investment

HIRAD Development Timeline

Motivation for HIRAD OSSE

• High-resolution ocean surface wind measurements expected to give improvements in near real-time analyses of ocean surface wind speed

– Specific product targeted: NOAA HRD H*Wind, regarded as “best analaysis” of hurricane near-surface wind; produced after reconnaissance aircraft

– Would also expect improvement in numerical weather prediction, but that OSSE is beyond the present scope of work

• OSSE requires “nature run” (i.e. high-resolution model forecast) to enable simulation of instrument observations, including hi-res details

– Provided by Dr. Shuyi Chen, Univ. of Miami• Non-hydrostatic MM5, interactive ocean and wave models• Horizontal grid resolution 0.015 degrees (~1.5 km) for innermost nest

– Case is Hurricane Frances, Aug-Sept 2004

Simulated Observations

Quick-Scat (existing ocean surface winds satellite)

Univ. Central Florida Cases include full swath over storm, partial swath

SFMR (aircraft ocean surface winds sensor) Univ. Central Florida Winds along ground track; no cross-track structure

Flight-level winds NOAA Hurricane Research Div.

Dropsonde winds MSFC Drops in eyewall and at storm center from aircraft

Airborne Doppler Radar NOAA HRD

GOES cloud winds MSFC Using actual data for location, nature run data for wind values.

Buoys, ships, coastal sensors NOAA HRD Not needed for cases over open ocean

HIRAD Univ. Central Florida 2 aircraft altitudes, satellite

Nature Run Wind Speed, Rain Rate

= 20 mm/hr

H*Wind from “perfect” nature run datawind speed max = 125 knots

ConventionalSFMR, sonde, Quikscat

Max. Obs. WS 110 ktsMax. Analyzed WS 109 kts

Hirad 3 kmHirad, sonde, Quikscat


Hirad 11 kmHirad, sonde, Quikscat


Hirad Satelliteonly (no A/C)


Quikscat, GOES (no aircraft)


Summary

• HIRAD instrument will measure ocean surface wind speed (vectors in next phase) up to ~100 m/s through rain up to ~100 mm/hour. (Will also measure rain rate and temperature.)– Primary application considered: tropical cyclones; would presumably

also be of value in mid-latitude storms

– Does not measure low-speed winds (<~10 m/s) – not a replacement for scatterometer (or lidar), but rather complementary

• “Quick” OSSE demonstrates positive impact on NOAA/AOML/HRD’s H*Wind analysis product– Adding swath width to current airplane capability would better define

vortex, increase probability of capturing max wind

– HIRAD satellite would provide excellent representation of vortex, even in the absence of reconnaissance aircraft (not true of scatterometer)

• Possible future OSSEs will quantify impact on NWP

On the Improvement to H*Wind Hurricane Wind Analyses Due to the Inclusion of Future Ocean Surface...

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